2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 5《Art and Culture》（重大版必修3）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．master /mɑːstə(r)/ n．大师，行家 2．merely /mIəlI/ adv.仅仅，只是 3．highlight /haIlaIt/ vt.强调 4．available /əveIləbl/ adj.可得到的 5．qualification /ˌkwlIfI′keIʃn/ n．资格 6．fancy /fænsI/ adj.有装饰的；精美的；悦目的 7．pattern /pætn/ n．图案，图形 8．account /əkaʊnt/ n．叙述 9．multiply /mʌltIplaI/ vt./vi.繁衍，生殖 10．primitive /prImətiv/ adj.原始的 11．complicated adj.复杂的 12．exact /Izækt/ adj.确切的；准确的→exactly adv.准确地 13．vagueness /veIgnIs/ n．模糊，不清楚→vague adj.含糊的；模糊的 14．notice /nəʊtIs/ vt./vi.注意→noticeable adj.显著的，明显的 15．magically /mædʒIklI/ adv.如用魔法地→magic adj.有魔力的；神奇的 16．observe /əbzɜːv/ vt.观察→observation n．观察 17．faith /feIθ/ n．忠诚→faithful adj.忠心的，坚贞的 18．happiness /hæpInIs/ n．幸福→happy adj.幸福的→happily adv.幸福地 19．skilled /skIld/ adj.熟练的→skill n．技巧 20．similar /sImələ(r)/ adj.相似的→similarity n．相似 21．wide /waId/ adj.广的；广泛的；宽的→widely adv.广泛地 .重点短语识记 1．rest on在于；依赖于 2．on purpose故意 3．fade into逐渐消褪；逐渐消逝 4．focus on集中；聚焦 5. put life into赋予……生命 6．look forward to盼望 7．noted for以……而闻名 8．find one’s way to发现(到某处的)途径 9．be closely related to与……紧密相联 10．be regarded as被当成是…… 11．devote...to花(时间，精力等)在…… 12．be skilled at做……很熟练 13．be named after以……而命名 14．in accordance with与……相一致 15．drive out 驱逐 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．Now it is exactly these parts that Leonardo has left indistinct on purpose by letting them fade into a soft shadow. 恰恰是在这两部分，莱昂纳多故意让它们在色彩上渐褪为柔和的阴影而作了模糊化的处理。 2．That is why we are never quite certain whether the Mona Lisa is happy or sad when she looks at us. 这也是为什么我们从来就不太肯定当蒙娜丽莎看着我们的时候她到底是高兴还是悲伤。 3．We would appreciate it if you could come and join us. 如果你能来加入我们的话，我们将不胜感激。 4．Chinese fancy knots are named after their shapes or in accordance with what they suggest. 中国结是按其形状或其寓意来命名的。 　 1．He’s not exactly homeless，he just hangs out in this park.(exact) 2．That has already had a noticeable effect.(notice) 3．She had been faithful to her promise to guard this secret.(faith) 4．She lost the election by mere 20 votes.(merely) 5．I sat in a corner and observed what was going on.(observation) 6．Skilled workers are in great demand.(skill) 7．It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes.(widely) 8．To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness for most of the people.(happy) 　 1 account for说明(原因等)；做出解释；占……(比例) on account of由于，因为 on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) take account of/take...into account＝take...into consideration考虑…… take no account of对……不加考虑 His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。 My wife keeps household accounts. 我太太记家庭收支账。夯实基础用on no account，on account of填空 (1)At first he hesitated on account of the expense. (2)On no account should you tell him. 2 be similar to和……相似 be similar in在……方面相似 be different from和……不同 be the same as和……一样 My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers. 我的教学风格和多数教师相似。 夯实基础用适当的介、副词填空 (1)Sporting competition is different from other kinds. (2)You should see something similar to figure 2. (3)Can we be the same as before? Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Old as she was，she still herself to be young and beautiful. A．pictured B．regarded C．fancied D．hoped 答案　C 解析　句意为：虽然她年纪大了，但她认为自己依然年轻漂亮。fancy认为，符合句意。 2．Lack of money her not continuing her studies. A．accounts for B．cares for C．explains to D．approves of 答案　A 解析　句意为：缺钱是她辍学的原因。account for说明……的原因；care for喜欢；explain to向某人解释；approve of赞成。 3．Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to situations. A．similar B．alike C．same D．likely 答案　A 解析　similar相似的，类似的；alike相同的，相像的，通常作表语，不作定语；same相同的，与the连用；likely可能的。 4．We can hardly fancy him the hard work alone. A．to finish B．finishes C．is finishing D．finishing 答案　D 解析　句意为：我们想不到他一个人完成了这项辛苦的工作。fancy想像，后面接动名词作宾语。 5．What you do can for what you say before us. A．explain B．count C．account D．take into account 答案　C 解析　句意为：你所做的可以解释说明你在我们面前所说的。account for 解释，说明；take...into account将……考虑在内。 .汉译英我曾经有过类似的经历。(similar)(2011·广东·读写任务) Once I had a similar experience. 1．All eyes were focused on the speaker. 2．Have you discovered that your friend gave you bad advice on purpose? 3．They are regarded as the most promising table­tennis players. 4．They watched the mountains fade into the darkness. 5．Think about how much time you have to devote to volunteering. 　 1 for/with the purpose of为了……的目的 The purpose of this dictionary is to help students of English. 这本字典的用途是帮助学生学英语。 Another meeting would serve absolutely no purpose. 再开一次会将毫无意义。夯实基础 (1)Did you do that on purpose(故意)? (2)He went there for the purpose of(为了……的目的)making business contacts. 2 bring...into focus使……成为焦点 in focus对准焦点；清晰 out of focus没对准焦点；不清晰 It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents. 这表明现今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承担着父母的希望。(2017·福建·书面表达) 联想记忆表示“把……集中于……”的同义词组有：concentrate on，fix one’s attention on，be lost in，be absorbed in，be buried in，be devoted to等。夯实基础用适当的介、副词填空 (1)You should focus your attention on your lessons，after all you are a student. (2)Don’t go too fast or you’ll get out of focus. (3)Bring the subject into focus if you want to have a good picture. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．We are writing to the manager the repairs recently carried out at the above address. A．with the exception of B．with the purpose of C．with reference to D．with a view to 答案　C 解析　句意为：我们正给经理写信，内容是关于近期在上述地点进行修理的事。with the exception of除……之外；with the purpose of指望，以……为目的；with reference to关于；with a view to以……为目的，鉴于，根据句意，可知C项正确。 2．The old man stood there with his eyes on the picture. A．to focus B．focusing C．focused D．focus 答案　C 解析　宾语his eyes和focus之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 3．Her sole purpose being here was to kill some time. A．with B．of C．in D．for 答案　C 解析　句意为：她到这里的唯一目的是消磨点时间。one’s purpose in doing sth.某人做某事的目的。 4．Because of his strange clothes，he immediately became the of attention when he entered the hall. A．concentration B．point C．focus D．aim 答案　C 解析　the focus of attention为固定短语，意为“注意力的焦点”。 .汉译英在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能仅仅集中于使梦想实现的一种方法上，而忘了还有另外的方法。(focus on)(2011·北京·开放作文) In pursuing a dream，we might focus on only one way of making it come true，forgetting that there may be alternatives. 　 选择括号内的词完成句子 (1)Ten police are(is/are) standing by the road. (2)Fifty years is(are/is) not a long time. (3)The secretary and the manager were(was/were) present at the meeting. (4)Two thirds of the work has(has/have) been finished. (5)The teacher，as well as the students likes(like/likes) this painting. 1 wonder at对……惊讶 wonder to do...想做…… work wonders创造奇迹 (It’s) No wonder that...难怪 It’s a wonder that...令人惊讶的是…… We can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need. 如果我们能团结如一家人，互相照顾，经常帮助那些需要帮助的人，我们就能创造奇迹。(2011·福建·书面表达) 夯实基础用适当的连词填空 (1)It’s a wonder that you didn’t lose your way in the dark. (2)As he welcomes me into his home，I wonder if/whether he feels like easing off a little. 2As they are believed to be able to drive out evil spirits and bring good luck，people often carry them or hang them in their homes.人们认为它们可以驱除妖魔，带来好运，因此人们经常带着中国结或者在家里悬挂中国结。 as引导的从句类型： (1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。 (2)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。 (3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。 (4)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 (5)引导定语从句，意为“正如”。 If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin. 如果所有到仙女湖的游客都像这对夫妇那样做，那么湖水会严重污染，而且很快就会变成一个大垃圾箱。(2017·福建·书面表达) 夯实基础用as完成句子 (1)Young as he is (尽管他年轻)，he has travelled to many countries. (2)They sang songs as they were doing farm work(当他们干农活时)． (3)When in Rome，do as the Romans do(入乡随俗)． (4)As is known to us all(众所周知)，the earth goes around the sun. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out. A．There is no point B．There is no need C．It is no wonder D．It is no way 答案　C 解析　考查固定句型：(It is)No wonder...难怪……。 2．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day， many businessmen do who live in downtown Tianjin. A．as B．which C．when D．though 答案　A 解析　as引导方式状语从句。 3． of the land in Jia Xing No.1 Middle School covered with trees and grass. A．Two third；are B．Two thirds；are C．Two third；is D．Two thirds；is 答案　D 解析　分数的表达形式是：分子如果超过1，分母用序数词的复数形式，当分数或百分数词作主语时，动词的单复数与其后的名词的单复数保持一致。故答案为D。 4．At present，one of the arguments in favour of the new airport that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.(2009·江西，28) A．is B．are C．will be D．was 答案　A 解析　根据At present可知谓语动词应该用一般现在时，故可排除C和D；再根据one of the arguments可知主语是one，所以谓语动词用is。 .汉译英 1．我想知道你是否能为我卖一些中国结。(I wonder)(2017·新课标全国·书面表达) I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. 2．因为我有许多有趣的事情可做，所以最终我喜欢上了学校生活。(as引导原因状语从句)(2011·广东·读写任务) As I had a lot of interesting things to do，I finally enjoyed my school life. 　 1．There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2017·山东，31) A．as B．that C．when D．where 答案　A 解析　考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代前面提到的整句话。所以答案为A项。 2．Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.(2017·安徽，23) A．vital B．available C．specific D．similar 答案　A 解析　句意为：兴趣对于学习来说，如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。四个形容词均可用于“be＋adj.＋to”的结构中。be vital to对……(非常)重要；be available to可利用，可获得；be specific to对……有特殊的意义；be similar to与……相似。题干中含有as...as...结构，是就兴趣和理解能力对于学习的重要性进行比较。故选A项。 3．If you faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. (2011·安徽，34) A．come across B．care about C．look for D．focus upon 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果你偶然发现些瑕疵而又还想要这辆自行车，你可以让店员降低价格。care about关心，在乎；look for寻找；focus upon集中(注意力)，这三项均与题意不符；come across表示“偶然发现，偶然遇见”，符合句意。因此选A项。 4．—I wonder you’ll water this kind of flower. —Every other day.(2009·四川，11) A．how often B．how long C．how soon D．how much 答案　A 解析　根据答句可知此处问的是频率，应用how often，意为“多久一次”。B项意为“(延续)多长时间”；C项意为“多久”；D项意为“多少”。 　 .单项填空 1．—Excuse me，could you tell me where I could make a call? —Sorry，I’m a stranger here. — . A．Thanks a lot B．Never mind C．Thanks anyway D．I’m sorry to hear that 答案　C 解析　考查情景交际。根据题意选C项，thanks anyway不过还是感谢您。 2．They were ahead during the first half of the match，but they in the last five minutes. A．were beating B．beat C．were beaten D．had been beaten 答案　C 解析　beat与they是动宾关系，所以应该用被动语态，动作应该是发生在were ahead之后，所以选择C项。 3．—I’ll call you I arrive in Shenzhen. —Thanks，and good luck. A．while B．until C．as D．once 答案　D 解析　once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦”，符合句意。 4．Life is like a cup，and it’s up to you to decide it’s a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup. A．how B．why C．that D．whether 答案　D 解析　考查宾语从句。whether与or连用，意为“是……还是……”。 5．The old woman sat alone in the room，in which there wasn’t much furniture，eyes on the opposite wall. A．fixed B．fixing C．had been fixed D．were fixing 答案　A 解析　考查非谓语动词。fix和eyes是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词形式。 6． from the top of the hill，the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it. A．Viewing B．To be viewed C．Viewed D．To be viewing 答案　C 解析　考查非谓语动词。view和句子的主语the city是动宾关系，所以需要用被动形式。 7．—Your silence on recent events surprises me. —I think it’s better little than say too much. A．say B．to say C．saying D．to be saying 答案　B 解析　考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。 8．I am wondering to tell him or not. A．that B．how C．if D．whether 答案　D 解析　由or not可知，应排除A、B两项；C项不能和不定式连用。 9．Now that you are free， go to the cinema with me? A．why don’t B．why not to C．why do you D．why not 答案　D 解析　句意为：既然你没什么事做，为什么不跟我一起去看电影呢？提出建议应用Why don’t you do sth.？或Why not do sth.？。 10．The lucky students you referred to looking forward to around Moscow. A．are；being shown B．being；being shown C．being；showing D．are；be shown 答案　A 解析　句意为：你所提到的那些幸运的学生正期待着被带着在莫斯科到处转转。此题缺谓语动词，故填入are；look forward to后跟doing作宾语。 .阅读理解 A Why is it that once we become adults，we become so serious all the time(generally speaking)？We get so caught up in the hectic race of everyday life that we forget that we are here to experience joy，to experience life.We forget to smile and enjoy the beauty of the present moment.I notice that I fall into the many demands of my life story.Recently，I have gotten so busy that a week can pass without realizing.I don’t get the chance to slow down once to reflect and to be present.I seem to fall into the pattern of constantly living in the future，running after that next goal or achieving that next task on my never­ending list of Todos.Let’s take this moment to slow down，just for a few minutes. Small children and family pets(dogs，cats) can serve as great teachers.Have you observed them before？Try it.It is so beautiful to watch the innocence of a small child，or a dog.They are so present in the moment，stress­free，open to their feelings and are a bundle of joy.I tell people that my dog Tommy is “made of love” because from observing him，he really is！A fluff of positive energy，which serves as a constant reminder to be positive in any situation and to not take things so seriously.Live life，enjoy the moment. I also believe that child­like innocence and creativity have a direct connection.I work with lots of artists and creative people，and I have found that child­like innocence are very common among all of them.The purity，the openness，and the awareness of the present moment are clearly shown through interacting with each of them. 1．The author’s dog is mentioned in the second paragraph to show that . A．an adult should learn to be innocent B．a pet can benefit its owner in many ways C．people should take every moment to relax D．man should always have the company of a dog 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。文章第二段提到，作者的狗具有天真的特性，而整篇文章都在强调天真无邪的重要性。由此可推知，文章第二段中提到作者的狗就是为了表明成年人应该学会天真、单纯，故选A项。 2．Which of the following factors can make people creative according to the author? A．Purity. B．A special way of life. C．Rich knowledge. D．Awareness of the reality. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者认为“天真”是和创造力紧密相连的，而其中“纯真”就是构成天真无邪的因素之一，因此能够让人们具有创造性。 3．The author would agree that . A．we should live in the future instead of the present B．living in the future prevents us from enjoying life C．child­like innocence can harm an adult D．creative people can’t fully enjoy their life 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段后半部分可知，作者也曾经任务缠身，总是追求未来怎样，因而不能享受此刻的生活。由此可推知，活在未来的生活中不利于我们享受生活，B项与此意吻合。 4．The purpose in writing the passage is to persuade us to . A．be a little more humorous in life B．finish our list of Todos as soon as possible C．slow down and enjoy the present moment D．realize the most important thing in our life 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。综合文章第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，作者写本文的目的是要告诉我们不要生活太匆忙，而应该放慢步伐，来享受此刻的生活，故选C项。 B Scientists recently discovered that pictures on cave walls at Creswell Crags are the oldest known in Great Britain.But they didn’t find out in the usual way. Archaeologists often date cave art with a process called radiocarbon dating.The technique can measure the age of carbon found in charcoal(木炭) drawings or painted pictures.Carbon is an element found in many things，including charcoal and even people.But in this case，there was no paint or charcoal to test.People carved the pictures of animals and figures into the rock using stone tools.The scientists had an “aha！” moment when they noticed small rocks stuck to the top of the drawings.The small rocks must have formed after the drawings were made. “It is rare to be able to scientifically date rock art，”said Alistair Pike，an archaeological scientist at Britain’s University of Bristol.“We were very fortunate that some of the engravings were covered by stalagmites(石笋)．” When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago，the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old.And some of the animals shown，like the European bison，are now extinct—another tip­off(征兆) that the art is quite old. The artists came to Creswell Crags.This place is one of the farthest points north reached by our ancient ancestors during the Ice Age.At that time，much of the North Sea was dry，so people could move about more easily. Some tools and bones found there are 13,000 to 15,000 years old.They show that the travelers hunted horses，reindeer，and arctic hares.Their artwork is similar to art in France and Germany.It tells scientists that the Creswell Crags artists must have had a close connection to peoples several thousand kilometers away—another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world. 5．Which of the following can be used as the best title for the text? A．Cave Art About Animals Is Most Beautiful B．Cave Art Found in an Unusual Way C．Cave Art Turns Out to Be Britain’s Oldest D．Cave Art in Britain 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍Creswell Crags的洞窟艺术为什么是英国最古老的艺术，后半部分给出了证据。 6．The underlined word “Archaeologists” in Paragraph 2 probably means people . A．who study things left behind by people in the past B．who have rich experience in painting C．who are interested in wild animals D．who are good at using stone tools 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容可以看出，archaeologists意为“考古学家”。 7．Why do scientists say the art is quite old? A．The art was carved into stone with stone tools. B．All the animals carved in the stone are extinct. C．The cave is one of the farthest points in the world. D．Some pictures were covered by stalagmites more than 10,000 years ago. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容“When a test proved that the stalagmites formed 12,800 years ago，the scientists knew the art underneath them had to be at least that old.And some of the animals...the art is quite old.”可知。 8．By studying the cave art，scientists know something about . A．how ancient people crossed the North Sea B．why some of the animals have died out C．how humans spread out across the world D．what kind of animals people hunted at that time 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“...another important clue to understanding how humans spread out across the world.”可知。 Ⅲ.写作素材(关于人物描写) 1．李达是位中国传统艺术大师。 2．他因其风景画而出名。 3．他受到人们的广泛赞扬。 4．他的作品色彩亮丽，赏心悦目。 5．部分作品正在美国、日本、韩国等国家展出。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达；并且请使用who/which引导的定语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文) Li Da is a master in the traditional Chinese style，who was noted for his landscape paintings and was widely praised.His works are bright in color and fancy to eyes，some of which are being exhibited in America，Japan，the Republic of Korea，etc.