Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．will /wIl/ n．遗嘱
2．likely /laIklI/ adj.可能的
3．classify /klæsIfaI/ vt.分类；分等
4．generous /dʒenərəs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的
5．privately /praIvItlI/ adv.私下地；秘密地→private adj.私人的；私下的
6．skillful /skIlfl/ adj.灵巧的；熟练的；制作精巧的→skill n．技能；技巧；技术→skilled adj.熟练的；有技能的
7．inventive /InventIv/ adj.善于创造的；发明的→invent vt.发明；创造→invention n．发明(物)→inventor n．发明者(家)
8．consideration /kənˌsIdəreIʃn/ n．体谅；考虑→considerate adj.体贴的；体谅的→considerable adj.相当大的；重要的；值得考虑的→consider vt.考虑；认为
9．worthy /wɜːðI/ adj.有价值的；可敬的；n.(pl.)杰出人物；知名人→worth adj.值得……的
10．doubtful /daʊtfl/ adj.可疑的； 不明确的；疑心的→doubt vt.怀疑；不信；n.怀疑；疑惑；疑问
11．conclusion /kənkluːʒn/ n．结论→conclude vi./vt.推断出；结束；总结
.重点短语识记
1．be quick to敏于……
2．build up建立
3．lie in在于……
4．care about关心
5．would rather...than...宁愿……而不愿……
6．at birth出生时
7．as follows如下
8．out of curiosity出于好奇心
9．have no thoughts of根本没想到……
10．make notes of记下
11．come to the conclusion得出结论
.经典原句默写与背诵
1．Then the family returned to Sweden in 1859，where Alfred began his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory.
然后全家在1859年返回了瑞典，在那里阿尔弗雷德在他爸爸的实验室里开始了他自己的炸药研究。
2．...and by the time he was twenty，he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist，speaking Swedish，Russian，German，French and English.
……当他20岁的时候，他成为了一个资深的化学家和优秀的语言学家，会说瑞典语、俄语、德语、法语和英语。
3．And so，the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.
因此，这位原先认为自己一出生就该死去的人却在他死后长期受到人们的怀念和尊敬。
4．The major aim of the voyage was to study the coast of South America，but if Charles Darwin had not been aboard，few people would now remember that voyage.
那次航行的主要目的是研究南美海岸线，但是如果查尔斯·达尔文没有上船的话，现在没有多少人会记住那次航行。
1．He is as good a student as his sister and is worth praising.(worthy)
2．He concluded his speech by reading a poem.(conclusion)
3．There are several reasons for this explosive growth.(explode)
4．But how do you measure one invention against another? (invent)
5．New York is a great financial center.(finance)
6．Several proposals are under consideration by the state assembly.(considerate)
7．It is not surprising that children learn to read at different rates.(surprisingly)
8．She physically felt fine and wanted to go home.(physical)
1
be worthy of sth./of being done/to be done值得(做)某事
worth adj.价值……的；值……钱的；n.价值；作用；prep.值得的，相当于……的价值
be worth doing...值得做……
worthwhile adj.值得做的
be worthwhile to do/doing...值得做……
It’s worthwhile to do/doing...做……是值得的
Liu Hulan was a worthy daughter of the Party.
刘胡兰是党的好女儿。
Guilin is a beautiful place.It’s worthwhile going there.
桂林是个美丽的地方，值得去看看。
特别提醒
worthy可作定语，而worth不能。
夯实基础
一句多译
这家工厂值得参观。
(1)The factory is worth visiting/a visit.(worth)
(2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(worthy of＋n.)
(3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(worthy of＋动名词)
(4)The factory is worthy to be visited.(worthy＋不定式)
(5)It’s worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.(worthwhile)
2
classify sb./sth.by/according to sth.根据……划分……
classify sb./sth.into sth.把……分为……
classify sth.as...把……归类为……
It is necessary initially to classify the headaches into certain types.
首先，必须将头痛分为几个类型。
These cows are now classified as a rare breed.
这些奶牛现在被归为稀有动物。
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
(2)Our class was then classified into four groups.
(3)In the study families are classified by their income.
3
conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束
conclude sth.from...从……推断出……
to conclude最后
arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion下结论
in conclusion总之；最后
So what can we conclude from this debate?
那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？
夯实基础
用适当的介词填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.
(2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?
(3)In conclusion，the author said that red heads have no greater risk during surgery than the rest of the population.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Would you please make up a topic worth
in tomorrow’s conference?
A．discussing
B．to be discussed
C．to discussed
D．being discussed
答案 A
解析 worth作后置定语，修饰the topic；worth后常用doing，主动形式表被动。
2．Patients are classified
three categories.
A．to
B．in
C．at
D．into
答案 D
解析 考查固定短语sth.be classified into“把……分为几类”。
3．Einstein was
as the leading scientist of the 20th century.
A．considered
B．respected
C．thought of
D．all the above
答案 D
解析 be considered as和be thought of as都可以表示“被认为……；被看作……”；be respected as被尊敬为……，被尊称为……。
4．Their decision
Internet addiction as a mental disease has caused much debate.
A．to classify
B．classifying
C．being classified
D．to be classified
答案 B
解析 句意为：这种把网瘾划为精神病的决定引起了很多争论。decision和classify之间为主动关系，故用主动式且表示一般的情况，故用现在分词作后置定语。
5．We have come to the conclusion
the company has making great progress these months.
A．which
B．that
C．as
D．what
答案 B
解析 句意为：我们已得出结论，公司这几个月取得了巨大的进步。that引导同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容。
.汉译英
不要以自我为中心，尽力多为他人考虑。(considerate)(2017·江苏·书面表达)
Don’t be selfcentered and try to be considerate.
1．I care about their health; they are my friends after all.
2．He opened the letter addressed to his wife out of curiosity.
3．You are the very person I am searching for.
4．The biggest danger may lie in refusing to acknowledge the seriousness of the problem.
5．Is your life leading to something great?
1
build up a fame建立名声
build up one’s health/body增进健康
build up a fine reputation建立良好的信誉
He built up his fortune from scratch.
他白手起家积累起了财富。
夯实基础
翻译句子
锻炼身体帮助我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。
Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.
2
lie down躺下lie on/upon人躺在……上；物放在……上；依靠lie to sb.对某人说谎tell sb.a lie对某人说谎tell a lie/lies说谎The true happiness lies in the joy of share.
真正的幸福在于分享的喜悦。
Don’t believe her because she always lies.
别信她，因为她总是说谎。
夯实基础
(1)He never lied(说谎) in his life.
(2)John lay(躺) on his back again when I came in.
(3)The problem lies in(在于) deciding when to start.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Can you imagine that the CEO of Pu Tian Software Company doesn’t
dress?
A．call for
B．apply for
C．care about
D．allow for
答案 C
解析 由句意可知，此处应是“不在意、不关心服装”；care about关心；介意，符合句意。
2．The man
there
that he had
the money on the table.
A．lying；lay；laid
B．laying；lied；lain
C．lying；lied；laid
D．laying；laid；lain
答案 C
解析 句意为：躺在那儿的那个人撒谎说把钱放在桌子上了。第一空作定语，表示“躺在那儿”，应用lie(躺)的现在分词形式lying；第二空是主句中的谓语动词，表示“撒谎”，用lie(撒谎)的过去式lied；第三空是从句中的谓语动词，并且是过去完成时态，应用lay(放置)的过去分词laid。
.汉译英
1．如果我们团结如一家人，互相照顾，帮助需要帮助的人，我们就能创造奇迹。(care for)(2011·福建·书面表达)
We can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need.
2．所以通过骑自行车我们可以承担起建立一个低碳城市的责任。(build up)(2011·江西·写作)
Therefore，let’s take the responsibility to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)Weather permitting(permit)，we are going to visit you tomorrow.
(2)She sat with her head bent(bend)．
(3)1978 ended with nothing settled(settle)．
(4)The boy went home with his nose bleeding(bleed)．
(5)Night coming (come)on，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
It was a friend who suggested that he be given a job as naturalist aboard the Beagle.是他一位朋友的建议使他在小猎犬号上获得一份随船博物学家的工作。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的是其他时，一律用that。另外要注意：原句的谓语动词不能被强调)。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.
直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。
夯实基础
用强调句型强调划线部分
I met him in the countryside last year.
(1)It was I that/who met him in the countryside last year.(强调主语)
(2)It was him that/who I met in the countryside last year.(强调宾语)
(3)It was in the countryside that I met him last year.(强调地点状语)
(4)It was last year that I met him in the countryside.(强调时间状语)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Although most of them have no doubt
he will pass the exam，I still wonder
he has really got everything ready.
A．whether；that
B．that；whether
C．that；that
D．whether；whether
答案 B
解析 句意为：虽然他们中的大部分人相信他能通过考试，但我依然想知道他是否做好了一切准备。doubt作名词用于否定句时，后接that引导的同位语从句；由句意知wonder后的宾语从句用whether引导。
2．
for his expert advice，John is often asked to help others with their personal affairs.
A．Having known
B．Being known
C．Known
D．Knowing
答案 C
解析 句意为：由于他的内行的建议而出名，John常常被要求来帮助他人解决个人事情。John与know逻辑上为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。B项强调动作正在被执行，不合题意，故选C项。
3．The boy had to explain to his parents what had been going on that day，
.
A．included all the details
B．all the details including
C．all the details were included
D．all the details included
答案 D
解析 独立主格结构作状语，all the details与include为被动关系，故用过去分词。
.汉译英
总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。(it is...that...)(2010·江西·书面表达)
In a word，it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.
1．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to
it with important points. (2017·浙江，9)
A．conclude
B．lead
C．avoid
D．hold
答案 A
解析 句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。conclude下结论，符合题意。lead 引领；avoid 避免；hold举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。
2．Bears
fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.(2017·浙江，17)
A．pack up
B．build up
C．bring up
D．take up
答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。pack up打包，收拾行李；build up搭建，积累，增强；bring up养育，抚养；take up占据，拿起。根据句意“熊在夏秋两季积累自己的脂肪储备，以便在冬眠时有充足的能量来度过冬季。”知B项符合题意。
3．It was only after he had read the papers
Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
(2017·大纲全国，30)
A．when
B．that
C．which
D．what
答案 B
解析 句意为：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。本句为强调句型，强调了时间状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B项。
4．By the time Jack returned home from England，his son
from college.(2011·辽宁，34)
A．graduated
B．has graduated
C．had been graduating
D．had graduated
答案 D
解析 句意为：当杰克从英国回到家的时候，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。return所表示的动作发生在过去，graduate所表示的动作发生在他回家之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
5．Mistakes don’t just happen；they occur for a reason.Find out the reason，and then making the mistake becomes
.(2010·湖北，24)
A．favourable
B．precious
C．essential
D．worthwhile
答案 D
解析 句意为：错误并非(无缘无故地)发生；它们的发生是有原因的。找出原因，那么犯错误就是值得的。favourable有利的，赞成的；precious宝贵的，珍贵的；essential必要的，基本，本质的；worthwhile值得做的，值得花时间的。由句意可知，worthwhile符合语境。
.单项填空
1．—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water
.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
答案 D
解析 名词被quantities of修饰作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式；从湖水的气味难闻知水已被污染，即强调的是结果和影响。故选D项。
2．The prices of houses，
is often reported，have been going up sharply in the past few months.
A．which
B．it
C．as
D．what
答案 C
解析 as引导定语从句，它的位置比较灵活，常译为“正如……”。句意为：正如报道的那样，房价在最近几个月涨得很快。
3．—Do you want to take the black one or the white one?
—I’ll take
the black one
the white one.I have already had one.
A．both；and
B．neither；nor
C．not；but
D．not only；but also
答案 B
解析 考查连词。A项“两者都”；B项“两者都不”；C项“不是……而是……”；D项“不但……而且……”。由信息句“I have already had one.”可知两者都不要，故B项正确。
4．—Someone might see us.
—
？ We’re not doing anything illegal.
A．So what
B．What for
C．Why not
D．What’s up
答案 A
解析 考查交际用语。句意为：——有人好像看见我们了。——那又怎样呢？我们又没做什么违法的事。A项“那又怎么样，那又如何”符合题意。B项“为什么”；C项“为什么不”；D项“怎么了”，均不正确。
5．—Have you finished your report yet?
—No，I’ll finish in
ten minutes.
A．another
B．other
C．more
D．less
答案 A
解析 句意为：——你完成你的报告了吗？——没有，我还需要十分钟才能完成。A项意为“再一，又一”；B项意为“其他的”；C项意为“更多的”；D项意为“更少的”。B、C、D三项修饰名词时，直接加名词的复数，中间不能加数词。
6．Danny
hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A．works
B．is working
C．has worked
D．worked
答案 C
解析 考查动词时态。句意为：为实现他的梦想，Danny很久以来一直努力工作，现在他出名了。由句中的for long以及句意可知，本题表示过去所做的事对现在造成的结果，这时应该用现在完成时。
7．It’s no use
that you didn’t know the rules.
A．you pretend
B．you to pretend
C．of you to pretend
D．your pretending
答案 D
解析 考查句型搭配的用法。句意为：你假装不知道这条规则是没有用的。It’s no use doing sth.做某事没用(只是白费力气)，在这个句型中，动词ing形式是真正的主语，it是形式主语。在此句中your为pretending的逻辑主语。
8．After five hours’ drive，they reached
they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A．that
B．where
C．which
D．what
答案 D
解析 此处what引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语，they thought在此作插入语。
9．We needed a new cupboard for the TV set.So my brother made
out of some wood we had.
A．it
B．one
C．that
D．another
答案 B
解析 考查代词的用法。句意为：我们需要一个新电视柜，于是我哥哥就用我们的木材做了一个。表示泛指的“一个”电视柜，用one；而it表示就是前面所提到的那一个；another表示很多的橱柜中的“另一个”；that此处代指特指的电视柜，都不符合句意。
10．If my car
more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A．was
B．had been
C．should be
D．would be
答案 B
解析 考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B项。
.完形填空
Is there a dark side to the computer revolution？Do computers threaten the health of our society？You may answer “No”．The truth of the matter，
1
，is that any new technology—computer included—has a “dark” side.
Many jobs，for example，will be
2
by robots and computercontrolled machinery.Since many of these jobs are boring and even dangerous，that seems like a step in the
3
direction.But it’s a big worry to the people whose jobs are threatened.
Another one that is causing growing
4
is about computers’ invasion(侵犯) of privacy.Almost everyone agrees that it is
5
to share information.But almost everyone，at the same time，doesn’t agree that everyone should have
6
to the computer files of others.
Computer crime is also a problem.Clever criminals are
7
ways to break computer codes and transfer millions of dollars to their accounts.
The list could go on but if we want computers to work for us，we’ll have to find ways to keep people from using computers
8
us.
1． A.therefore
B．however
C．otherwise
D．besides
答案 B
解析 therefore因此；however然而；otherwise否则；besides而且。计算机会威胁社会健康吗？你也许认为不会。然而事实却是包括计算机在内的任何新的科技都有它的黑暗面。前后句构成转折关系，故B项正确。
2． A.taken over
B．taken in
C．taken back
D．taken out
答案 A
解析 take over接管；take in吸收，欺骗；take back拿回；take out取出。联系第二段的例子可知，许多工作会由机器人或电脑控制的机器所接管。故A项正确。
3． A.wrong
B．opposite
C．right
D．straight
答案 C
解析 wrong错误的；opposite相反的，对立的；right正确的；straight笔直的，正直的。由语境可知，许多工作很无聊，甚至很危险，那么让机器人来做似乎是一个正确的选择。故C项正确。
4． A.conflict
B．barrier
C．difference
D．concern
答案 D
解析 conflict冲突；barrier障碍；difference差别；concern关系，关心。另一个问题是对于电脑引起的对隐私的侵犯人们越来越担心。故D项正确。
5． A.necessary
B．impossible
C．obvious
D．senseless
答案 A
解析 necessary有必要的；impossible不可能的；obvious明显的；senseless无知觉的。根据下一句“But”可知，前后句之间构成转折关系，联系下文可推知，几乎所有人都认为有必要分享信息。故A项正确。
6． A.limit
B．access
C．sign
D．support
答案 B
解析 limit限制；access使用；sign迹象；support支持。此处指并非每个人都同意人人都能使用他人的电脑文件。have access to为固定搭配，意为“可以利用，使用”，符合语境。
7． A.counting
B．discussing
C．giving
D．finding
答案 D
解析 count计算；discuss讨论；give给予；find寻找。聪明的电脑黑客寻找途径破解他人电脑密码进行转账。故D项正确。
8． A.for
B．with
C．in
D．against
答案 D
解析 上文讲述了电脑的“阴暗面”，但要想让电脑继续服务于我们，就应该想办法让人们不要利用电脑做不利于我们(违法)的事情。against反对，违反。故D项正确。
.阅读理解
Breathe，wave and smile.Along with more than 300 other seniors，I marched into the stadium on the afternoon of May 10.The audience burst into deafening cheers.The huge stadium shook with all the whistling and clapping.
It was as if a Hollywood superstar had walked on stage.And indeed，every single senior that day was a star of the moment.Each deserved it.The seniors had been preparing for four years for this onceinalifetime moment—the graduation ceremony.
Seated，I waited anxiously for the opening address.As a foreign exchange student，I was not able to receive a diploma.However，I still had the wonderful feeling of being part of things.Like the other graduates，I was dressed in maroon(紫褐色) cap and gown.
Our principal，Mr Glover，delivered a short，warm greeting.The US national anthem followed and then，hands on chests，a solemn Pledge of Allegiance(效忠誓言)．
Students who had done well academically gave farewell speeches.The tears in some eyes convinced me that many had deep feelings about the occasion.It was as the class motto says, “Life brings us tears，smiles and memories.The tears dry；the smiles fade；but the memories last forever.”
Then came the most important part of the ceremony.Hundreds of names were announced.Each graduate walked across the stage to receive his or her diploma from the principal.From the different cheers each graduate got，we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest.
To be honest，the presentation of diplomas got boring.A girl sitting next to me even started yawning.But it wasn’t boring for those receiving the diploma：they would treasure the moment the principal placed the sacred brown document in their hands for the rest of their lives.
A new page in the book of that person’s life had turned.They were glimpsing(开始领悟) their futures：Futures of challenge，hardship，perhaps loneliness too，which would take all of their courage.
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．The opening ceremony of a sports meeting.
B．A presentation of college diplomas.
C．An American graduation ceremony.
D．A US college’s farewell party.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。文章开头通过场面烘托引出美国毕业生的毕业典礼，然后介绍典礼的过程、参与者的感受等。因此，文章的主题是毕业生的毕业典礼。
2．We know from the text that the author
.
A．felt lost about the future
B．was actually a student from a foreign school
C．received her diploma on May 10
D．felt it interesting to be at the presentation ceremony
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知B项正确。
3．The right order of the following events is
.
a．Diplomas were presented to graduates.
b．Students gave farewell speeches.
c．The US national anthem was played.
d．The principal gave a short，warm speech.
e．Seniors went into the stadium.
A．d→c→a→b→e
B．e→d→b→c→a
C．d→b→e→a→c
D．e→d→c→b→a
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据前六段可知答案。
4．According to the text，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Hollywood superstars went to attend the ceremony.
B．Every single senior became a superstar at the ceremony.
C．When each graduate got his or her diploma，there were cheers.
D．All graduates would treasure the diploma for the rest of their lives.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“From the different cheers each graduate got，we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest.”可知答案。
.写作素材(关于奉献)
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用what引导的主语从句。
1．这位研究炸药的化学家兼发明家是一位慷慨的人。
The chemist and inventor
studying explosives was a generous person.
2．由于他的成就，他获得了诺贝尔奖。
Because of his achievements，he won the Nobel Prize.
3．他把所有的奖金全部捐献给了慈善机构。
However，he donated all the bonus to the charity.
4．他的所作所为值得尊敬。
What he did is worthy to be respected.
5．他去世后，人们建立了一座纪念碑纪念他。
After he passed away，people built up a memorial to memorize him.