Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．shrink /rIŋk/ vi./vt.收缩；(使)皱缩；缩短 2．rise /raIz/ n．上升 3．beneath /bIniːθ/ prep.在……下面 4．conference /kɒnfərəns/ n．(正式)会议 5．urgent /ːdʒənt/ adj.紧急的；急迫的 6．specific /spəsIfIk/ adj.特定的；具体的 7．decrease /dIkriːs/ vt.减小；减少 8．release /rIliːs/ vt.释放 9．exist /IzIst/ vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存→existing adj.现存的；目前的 10．relatively /relətIvlI/ adv.相对地→relative adj.相对的 11．engaged /IngeIdʒd/ adj.忙的；忙碌的→engage vi./vt.使忙碌；从事；参加 12．affect /əfekt/ vt.影响；感动；感染→affection n．喜爱；感情；影响；感染→effect n．影响；效果；作用 13．extremely /IkstrImlI/ adv.极端地；非常地→extreme adj.极度的；极端的 14．eruption /Irʌpʃn/ n．爆发→erupt vi.(火山等)喷发 15．reduction /rIdʌkʃn/ n．减少；降低→reduce vt.减少；缩小 .重点短语识记 1．at least至少 2．compared with与……相比 3．make up形成、构成或组成某物 4．play a role in...在……方面起作用 5．in terms of就……而言 6．keep...from...阻止；抑制 7．block out遮住；挡住 8. have an effect on对……有影响 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．The earth，the planet on which we are living，is the third planet from the sun. 我们所居住的地球是靠近太阳的第三颗行星。 2．The flattening and swelling are too small to see. 扁平和鼓起太小了以致于看不见。 3．This is a very small rise when compared with the size of the whole earth. 与整个地球的大小相比时，这是一次非常小的上升。 1．No one knows when such a custom first came into existence.(exist) 2．I’d appreciate it if you would reply soon.(appreciation) 3．She was deeply affected by his sad story.(affect) 4．The price of wheat has been decreased by 15%.(decrease) 5．Now，many films are released at the same time around the world.(release) 6．The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.(extremely) 7．Women usually live longer than men.(unusually) 8．There has been some reduction in unemployment.(reduce) 1 rise to one’s feet站起来 on the rise在上涨；在增长 give rise to引起；导致 Spray rose up from the surface of the water. 水面溅起水花。 He will get a pay rise of nearly ￡4,000. 他的工资将会上涨将近4 000英镑。图解助记 夯实基础用含有rise的短语填空 (1)Delays could give rise to further problems. (2)Serious crime is once again on the rise. (3)Pushing back her chair she rose to her feet. 2 be affected with high fever发高烧 affect sb.to tears把某人感动得流泪 have an effect on对……有影响 She was deeply affected by the news of his death. 他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。词义辨析 effect，affect (1)effect用作名词时，意为“影响，效果”，常用于have an effect on结构中；用作动词时，表示“引起，使发生”。 (2)affect用作动词，意为“影响”，常表示消极的影响。夯实基础用effect，affect的适当形式填空 (1)The drug didn’t affect his health；in fact，it seemed to have no effect at all. (2)With the government’s aid，those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．The number of the unemployed is owing to the financial crisis. A．on the rise B．on the way C．on the raise D．on the decline 答案 A 解析 句意为：由于经济危机失业人数在上涨。根据句意，只有A项符合。 2．The elderly population in China will have a great on the whole society. A．advantage B．difficulty C．effect D．affect 答案 C 解析 句意为：中国的老年人口将会对整个社会有着很大的影响。have a great effect on对……有很大影响。 3．—What is the price of petrol these days? —Oh，it sharply since last month. A．is raised B．has risen C．has raised D．is increased 答案 B 解析 由句意知应用现在完成时，raise为及物动词，后应跟宾语；rise为不及物动词，意为“上升”，故选B项。 4．—How do you find the football match between England and Italy? —There is nothing special—it is only . A．average B．usual C．common D．normal 答案 A 解析 答语句意为：没什么特别的——只是一般水平。average一般的，平常的，指水平，符合题意。usual通常的；common普通的，常见的；normal正常的。 5．Broadly speaking，I would agree with Tom，though not . A．extremely B．entirely C．heavily D．gradually 答案 B 解析 句意为：我大体上同意汤姆的观点，虽然不完全同意。extremely极端地；entirely完全地；heavily沉重地；gradually渐渐地。 .汉译英 1．然后将举行一场讨论会，讨论诸如学校生活、文化差异的话题，旨在促进相互了解。(cover) (2011·天津·书面表达) Then a discussion will be held，which may cover such topics as school life，cultural differences，aiming to improve mutual understanding. 2．大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年引起10万人死亡。(affect)(2010·广东·基础写作) Around 540 million people are affected by secondhand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year. 1．Women make up only 30% of the workforce. 2．Can you at least tell me what you’re building? 3．It will keep him from being hurt. 4．But if I leave I want something new and far away. 5．It is a small country both in terms of size and population. 1 be made up of由……组成/构成 make up for弥补；补偿 be made of/from由……制成 be made into把……制成 be made out of由……制成 make it获得成功；约定时间 Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。 Nothing can make up for the loss of a child. 失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。特别提醒 make up和make up for都可作“弥补”解，但是make up的宾语是直接可以补的东西，如耽误了一节课可以把这节课补上，而make up for的宾语是不能直接弥补的东西，只能通过另一种形式弥补，比如丢失的时间。夯实基础写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思 (1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成 (2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造 (3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆 (4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上 2 keep...free from/of使不受……影响；使不含(有害物) be free from/of不受……影响；不含(有害物)…… keep (sb.) away from/keep (sb.) off(使)远离；使不接近 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep (oneself) from doing sth.忍住/克制住自己不做某事 Keep away from the edge of the cliff. 切莫靠近悬崖边。 The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。夯实基础 (1)It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain(完全不疼了)． (2)They claimed that their products were free of/from (不含)any artificial colours and additives. (3)Her illness kept her away from work(使她上不了班) for several weeks. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．American Indians about five percent of the U．S.population. A．fill up B．bring up C．make up D．set up 答案 C 解析 句意为：美国土著人占美国总人口的5%。A项为“填充”；B项为“培养，抚养”；C项为“占”；D项为“建立”。 2．—You have done well in the work. — it. A．As far as B．Far from C．So far D．By far 答案 B 解析 far from it远非如此，差得远，表谦逊。 3．In America it’s a mistake to think of Florida only as the place for vacation its tourist attraction. A．in honour of B．in terms of C．in the name of D．in the eyes of 答案 B 解析 句意为：如果你认为美国的佛罗里达州只是因为其众多的旅游景点而成为一个度假的地方，那你就错了。in honour of为了向……表示敬意，为纪念……；in terms of从……方面来说，用……的话，按照；in the name of以……的名义；in the eyes of在……看来。 .汉译英我们自己的态度、决心和努力工作起着更重要的作用。(play a role)(2017·浙江·书面表达) Our own attitude，determination，and hard work play a more important role. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)The room became crowded(crowd)． (2)The building was deserted(desert)． (3)I saw him taken(take) away in an ambulance. (4)I’ve heard him criticized(criticize) many times. (5)What made you so frightened(frighten)? 1 Nearly threequarters 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.地球表面接近3/4的地方被水覆盖着。 (1)“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。 (2)“one or two＋复数名词”作主语，动词用复数。 (3)“many a＋单数名词”或“more than one＋单数名词”作主语，动词用单数。 (4)表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 (5)在“one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，若one前没有the，the only，the very等修饰语，则定语从句一般视为修饰复数名词，故从句谓语动词用复数形式，否则用单数形式。 Sixty percent of the pupils are boys. 这些小学生中有60%是男孩。 Fifty years is not a long time. 五十年的时间不长。夯实基础用所给词的现在完成时填空 (1)Two thirds of this task has been completed (complete)． (2)95 percent of the students have passed (pass) the exam. (3)Many a student has made (make) that mistake. (4)More than one grammarian has treated (treat) this subject. (5)This is one of the laboratories that have been built (build) this year in our institute. 2 Although the oceans seem to be vast and deep，they are only a thin film of water on the earth’s surface.尽管海洋看起来又广又深，但它们仅仅是覆盖在地球表面薄薄的一层水。 (1)although引导让步状语从句时不与but连用，但可与yet，still等连用。 (2)though引导让步状语从句时除了用正常语序外，也可将表语、状语或动词提前，构成倒装语序。 (3)as引导让步状语从句时，从句语序必须倒装(把表语、状语或动词原形放在句首)。 (4)while引导的让步状语从句只能放于句首。 Although the sun was shining，it wasn’t very warm. 尽管太阳高照却不很暖和。 Strange though it may sound，I was pleased it was over. 尽管听起来也许很奇怪，但我很高兴这都结束了。夯实基础一句多译尽管他上了年纪却依然精力充沛。 (1)Although/Though/While he is old，he is still energetic. (2)Old though/as he is，he is still energetic. Ⅰ.单项填空 1． sleeping by the church bells，I sat up and began to read a book. A．Keeping B．Kept C．Kept from D．Keeping from 答案 C 解析 句意为：被教堂的钟声吵得睡不着觉，我坐起来开始读一本书。keep和I为动宾关系，故应用过去分词短语作状语，且被动语态中from不可省略，因此选C项。 2． in her most beautiful skirt，the girl tried to make herself at the party. A．Dressed；noticed B．Dressing；noticed C．Dressed；noticing D．Dressing；being noticing 答案 A 解析 (be) dressed in穿着……；make oneself done使某人被……。Dressed in her most beautiful skirt作伴随状语；noticed作herself的宾语补足语。 3．Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers to his mother on her birthday. A．send B．sent C．sending D．being sent 答案 B 解析 have sth.done使某事被做。句意为：每年汤姆都记得在他妈妈生日这天给她送一些花。 4．Tom is the only one of the students who going to swim this afternoon. A．is B．are C．was D．were 答案 A 解析 one of前有the only修饰，则定语从句修饰one，故who指单数概念。 .汉译英发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(过去分词作宾补) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 1．—Shall we go for a drink at one o’clock this afternoon? — .Will two o’clock be OK？(2017·陕西，23) A．Sure，it’s up to you B．Sure，no problem C．Sorry，I can’t make it D．Sorry，I’m not available today 答案 C 解析 句意为：——我们今天下午一点去喝杯怎么样？——抱歉，那个时候我去不了。两点好吗？A项“当然，由你决定”；B项“当然，没问题”；C项“抱歉，去不了”；D项“抱歉，我今天没时间”。 2．Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car .(2017·四川，12) A．washed B．wash C．washing D．to wash 答案 A 解析 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。 3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.(2011·四川，4) A．whether B．although C．for D．so 答案 B 解析 句意为：尽管我费了很大劲才把他叫醒，但弗兰克依然坚持说他没睡着。although虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句，符合句意。whether是否；for因为；so因此，三者均不符合题意。 4．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.(2011·大纲全国，27) A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen 答案 B 解析 句意为：接下来的事情就是他看到浓烟正从房子后面冒出来。本句结构为：主语是the next thing，表语为smoke；he saw为省略了关系代词的定语从句；rising from behind the house为现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that was rising from behind the house。A项只能作谓语，可排除。C项表将来，D项表已完成的动作，均不符合题意。 5． regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.(2011·天津，5) A．If B．As C．Although D．Unless 答案 C 解析 句意为：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。if可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；as可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前后句可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选C项，although表示“虽然”，可引导让步状语从句；unless表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。 .单项填空 1. The motorcycle competition in the desert， lasted ten days，is over now. A．where B．it C．that D．which 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句。句中包含一个非限制性定语从句，the motorcycle competition为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此选which。 2．The teacher asked the students to write to make it clear. A．every line B．every a few line C．every other line D．each one line 答案 C 解析 every other line每隔一行，符合题意。 3．By the time I saw the angry expression on his face，I exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment I should quit. A．had known；I thought B．have known；had I thought C．would know；I would think D．knew；did I think 答案 D 解析 尽管句中有by the time引导的时间状语从句，但主句谓语所表示的动作不是发生在从句谓语所表示的动作之前，而是几乎同时发生，所以用一般过去时。by the time此处等于at the time。此题易误选A项。 4．I thought Jim would say something about his school report，but he it. A．doesn’t mention B．hadn’t mentioned C．didn’t mention D．hasn’t mentioned 答案 C 解析 根据前一个句子的谓语动词thought可判断出应选择一般过去时，表示当时没有那么做。 5．—Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I late for the flight yesterday. —Don’t mention it. A．should be B．would be C．will have been D．would have been 答案 D 解析 本题为隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if you hadn’t reminded me of the time，叙述与过去事实相反，故D项正确。 6．—Dare your little daughter stay at home alone at night? — . A．Yes，she does B．No，she daren’t C．No，she doesn’t D．Yes，she dares to 答案 B 解析 由问句知dare在此用作情态动词而非实义动词，故选B。若为实义动词，问句应为“Does your little daughter dare (to) stay...？”。 7．If you’d asked me first，I you the trouble. A．could have saved B．must have saved C．should save D．have to save 答案 A 解析 句意为：如果你早点问我的话，本可以免除你的麻烦的。这是一个虚拟语气的题目。根据条件句的过去完成时可知，结论句表示的是一个过去的结论，因而要用“情态动词＋have done”的形式；又因为must不用于虚拟语气。故选A项。 8．Who do you think will take office next month and become president of the country? A．the；a B．a；/ C．the；the D．/；/ 答案 D 解析 第一空考查固定短语take office“上台，执政”；第二空后的president表示独一无二的职务“总统，主席”，在句中作表语时不加冠词。 9．Word comes free books will be given to comes first in this book fair. A．which；no matter who B．that；anyone who C．which；whoever D．that；those who 答案 B 解析 句意为：有消息说谁第一个到达书市，就把免费书给他。第一空为同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that；第二空指第一个到的人，因此应是单数，所以B项正确。 10．Large quantities of materials are rare in this country， iron and steel are examples. A．for which B．in which C．from which D．of which 答案 D 解析 介词的选择：根据从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配来确定；根据先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的意义来确定；根据先行词在从句中的作用与含义来确定。an example of sth.为固定用法。 .阅读理解 I still remember the days when I was a youthful student in an engineering school.I lived a casual life，without caring about the future.I smoked，drank with friends and made girl friends.Little did I realize that casualness would certainly lead to loss. Two years had passed and I was staring down a report card that highlighted FAIL in more than half the subjects.I didn’t care，at least not till my dad found out about it.You see，I studied in India and unlike the United States where the students are expected to finance their own education，my dad financed me. Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking.He lost his temper but he just told me，“Son，your allowance is cut in half from this moment on”．It hit me like a roundhouse kick(回旋踢) from Bruce Lee.I was jolted(震动) out of my bones！I couldn’t comprehend how to pay off the debts that I had accumulated in college.I owed everybody money：the grocery store，the bars，the restaurants，my friends，etc.I was living a life filled with credit. When I went back to college，I knew that if I don’t change the way I live my life I won’t be able to pay everybody off.So I decided to make some changes，drastic changes.I quit smoking，cut off from my friends who led me down the wrong road，starting hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books. One year later，I went from a miserable failure to a magna cum laude(优等成绩)．Life was never the same again.This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it，however small or large.Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up.It reminds me that I can do it! 1．Father decided to cut the author’s allowance when he found the author . A．drank with friends B．made girl friends C．failed in most subjects D．had the habit of smoking 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking...‘your allowance is cut...’”可知，在发现作者有吸烟的习惯后，作者的父亲决定削减给他的补贴。 2．The author didn’t care about his study until . A．he entered the engineering school B．he was in heavy debt he couldn’t bear C．he decided to give up smoking D．his allowance was cut in half 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Son，your allowance is cut in half from this moment on’”和第四段的“When...if I don’t change the way I live my life I won’t be able to pay everybody off.So I decided to make some changes...”以及“...starting hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books.”可知答案为D项。 3．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means that the author . A．paid off his debt and life wasn’t hard for him any more B．removed his bad habits and didn’t lead a casual life C．never hung out with his friends but studied all day D．began to live a happy life due to his good grades 答案 B 解析 句意理解题。根据第四段中的“So I decided to make some changes，drastic changes.I quit smoking，cut off from my friends who led me down the wrong road，starting hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books.”可知答案为B项。句意为：我改变了原来的生活方式，不再跟原来一样了。 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The author did well in making good friends in the school. B．The author made great progress with the help of his friends. C．Students tended to earn money for college expenses in America. D．Students were encouraged to do parttime jobs in Indian schools. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“You see，I studied in India and unlike the United States where the students are expected to finance their own education，my dad financed me.”可知答案为C项。文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析 1．When I went back to college, I knew that if I don’t change the way I live my life I won’t be able to pay everybody off.(Paragraph 4) 句式分析：上句是一复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句；主句的谓语动词knew后接一个由that引导的宾语从句，在该从句中包含一个由if引导的条件状语从句。自主翻译：回到大学后，我知道如果不改变生活方式我就无力还清欠大家的债。 2．Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up.(The last paragraph) 句式分析：when引导时间状语从句，从句中的that引导宾语从句。be about to do...即将做某事，不与时间状语连用。自主翻译：甚至今天，当我觉得要失败或放弃时它仍然激励着我。 .写作一请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。 You’re a seniorhigh middle school student.Now describe what you will plan to do during the New Year’s holidays.How to make use of your time? 要求：(1)紧扣材料，内容健康向上； (2)词数不少于60。参考范文 First，I’ll make a list of things I have always wanted to do but never had the time for.For example，I’ll find some books and movies I have always wanted to read and watch.Second，in order to keep fit，I’ll run at least 45 minutes every morning.Third，I’ll do something good.I’ll be a volunteer to help those homeless in winter or go to the park to feed the birds or monkeys.Last but not least，I’ll set aside a period of time every day specifically to do my homework，which is beneficial to my study.