2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Challenging Yourself Ⅰ《Beijing Olympics》（重大版必修5）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．mass /mæs/ n．块 2．hold /həld/ vi./vt.容纳；有 3．attempt /ətempt/ n．努力；尝试；企图；vt.尝试；企图 4．confirm/kənfɜːm/ vi./vt.认可；批准 5．temporary /temprərI/ adj.暂时的；临时的 6．threat /θret/ n．威胁；恶兆 7．instrument /Instrʊmənt/ n．工具；手段；器械 8．explore /Iksplɔː/ vi./vt. 勘探；考察→explorer n. 勘探者；探险家 9．steadily /stedIlI/ adv.稳定地；不变地→steady adj.稳定的；不变的 10．measurement /meʒəmənt/ n．测量；衡量→measure vt.测量；衡量 .重点短语识记 1．be made up of由……构成；组成 2. break off断折；脱落；突然停止 3．be involved in涉及；参与 4. break away突然离开；脱离 5．in an attempt to试图 6．find out查明；查出 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．Captain Cook was the first person to go around the continent in the 1770s. 库克船长在十八世纪七十年代成为第一个穿越南极大陆的人。 2．Antarctica is one of the last real wildernesses left on the earth. 南极洲是地球上所剩不多的荒原之一。 3．Antarctica became the biggest laboratory in the world，with many scientists conducting research there. 南极洲成了世界上最大的实验室，有许多科学家在那里从事科学研究。 4．If we are not careful，it will not remain a wilderness for much longer. 如果我们不细心呵护，南极洲旷野状态就不可能持续多久。 5．One team will fly balloons carrying instruments to measure the ozone. 其中一个小组将放飞载有测量臭氧器具的气球。　 1．Every possible chance will be explored.(explore) 2．It’s dangerous to jump to early conclusions.(dangerously) 3．In this book I have attempted to describe these developments.(attempt) 4．Politics is a profession that holds many surprises.(hold) 5．My main concern now is to protect the children.(mainly) 6．Despite the steady rain，the mood was friendly and festive.(steadily) 　 1attempt n.企图，试图；尝试；努力try；effort；v.努力；尝试；试图try；make an effort to attempt to do/at doing...尝试(试图)做…… make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做…… make an attempt on sb.杀人企图 at one’s first attempt第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事 The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。 It was one of his rare attempts at humor. 那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。夯实基础用适当的介词填空 (1)I passed my driving test at the first attempt. (2)Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life. 2 confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm sb.as...批准某人担任…… confirmed adj.证实的；惯常的 It is confirmed that...确定……；证明…… X­rays have confirmed that he has not broken any bones. X光片证实他没有骨折。 He confirmed what had long been feared. 他证实了人们长期以来的担心。夯实基础 (1)同义句改写 The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in rebel hands.(用it作形式主语改写句子) It was confirmed that the area was now in rebel hands. (2)—When do you think the president will confirm you in office(批准你就职)? 3 threaten v．威胁；恐吓 threaten to do sth.威胁做某事 夯实基础用threat的适当形式填空 (1)The attacker broke my windows and threatened me with a gun. (2)There is a threat of typhoon. (3)His threats are just talk.Don’t worry! Ⅰ.单项填空 1．The young dancers looked so beautiful in their new clothes that we took pictures of them. A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 答案　B 解析　many of后接复数名词，且名词前要有限定词；masses of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；the number of“……的数量”，表“许多，大量”时要用a number of；a large amount of后接不可数名词。 2．The classroom 30 feet long and 20 feet wide. A．measures B．is measured C．has D．has length 答案　A 解析　measure vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……。 3． work has been done to prevent the water in the lake being polluted. A．A plenty of B．A number of C．A mass of D．A great many 答案　C 解析　B、D两项后只跟可数名词，没有a plenty of这一短语。 4．He to escape from the prison，but he couldn’t find anybody to help him. A．succeeded B．attempted C．advised D．offered 答案　B 解析　succeed后不接不定式作宾语，“成功地做某事”应为succeed in doing sth.; advise doing sth.建议做某事；offer to do sth.主动帮助做某事；attempt to do sth.尽力去做，但不一定成功。 5．Please bring something with you that your identity. A．confirms B．says C．explains D．desires 答案　A 解析　句意为：请带上能证明你身份的东西。confirm证明，证实，符合题意。 .汉译英她的花园里种满了花。(mass) Her garden is a mass of flowers. 1．He broke away from his old friends. 2．He found out about it from the Internet. 3．His plan could do this－if it is carried out. 4．Successful teams are made up of individuals who have different backgrounds. 5．Huge pieces of the ice shelf break off and slowly melt into the sea. 　 make out看出，辨认出；理解 take out带……出去；拿出，取出；去掉，除去，拔去 Scientists found out nearly 70 new wildlife sites. 科学家发现了将近70多处新野生动物栖息地。夯实基础 (1)We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事情真相。 (2)I can scarcely make out his writing. 我几乎不能看出那是他的笔迹。 (3)How many teeth did the dentist take out? 牙科医生拔出了几颗牙？ Ⅰ.单项填空 1．I’m terribly sorry to turn you down this time，but I promise I will to you next time. A．turn it up B．make it up C．pick it up D．set it up 答案　B 解析　句意为：非常抱歉，这次拒绝了你，但我答应下次弥补。make up弥补，符合句意。 2．News reports say that peace talks between the two countries have with no agreement reached. A．broken down B．broken out C．broken in D．broken up 答案　A 解析　break down(会谈)破裂，失败。 3．Concerned about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to why she was so often absent from class. A．find out B．pick out C．look out D．speak out 答案　A 解析　find out发现，查明，符合题意。 .汉译英但是我在记笔记方面有困难，而且不知道怎样利用图书馆。(have no idea of)(2011·新课标全国·书面表达) But I have some difficulties with note­taking and I have no idea of how to use the library. 　 If all the ice melted，the world’s oceans would rise by 60 metres.如果所有的冰都融化，世界上的各海洋将会上升60米。 虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 条件从句主句 与现在相反过去时(be用were) would/could/should/might＋do 与过去相反 had done would/could/should/might＋have done 与将来相反 (1)过去时 (2)were to＋do (3)should＋do would/could/should/might＋do (1)条件句中有were，had，should时，可省略if，把were，had，should放到主语前，用倒装结构。 (2)有时主从句所依据的时间不一致，构成错综时间条件句，与哪个时间相反，就采取相应的动词形式。 If I had followed your advice then，I would recover now.如果我当时听了你的建议，现在我就恢复了。 If he had enough money，he would buy a new car. 如果他的钱足够的话，他就会买一辆新车。 Were I to be young again，I would learn medicine. 如果我能回到年轻时代，我会学习医学。夯实基础翻译句子如果我是你，我就会去。 If I were you，I would go. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．—Who were those people with the flags? —A group itself the League of Peace. A．calls B．calling C．called D．being called 答案　B 解析　句意为：——那些举着旗帜的人是谁？——是一群自称为和平团的人。此处为v.­ing短语作定语。 2．—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring? —I ，but I didn’t have the money. A．would have B．bought C．would like to D．had bought 答案　A 解析　句意为：——你为什么不买那枚金戒指？——我想买，但我没钱。该句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，完整形式：If I had the money，I would have bought it.。 3．Jim said there was no clear evidence they meant to mislead investors. A．which B．that C．what D．when 答案　B 解析　that引导同位语从句解释说明evidence的内容。 .汉译英我能了解发生在本周的所有重要的事。(that引导定语从句)(2011·大纲全国·书面表达) I can learn all important things that have happened during the week. 1．If we adequate preparations，the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.(2017·山东，30) A．haven’t made B．wouldn’t make C．didn’t make D．hadn’t made 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议是不可能那么成功的。由语境可知“会议是成功的”，因为“我们做了充分的准备”，由此推断此题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/could/should/might＋have done”形式。故D项正确。 2．Did you predict that many students up for the dance competition？(2011·上海，34) A．would sign B．signed C．have signed D．had signed 答案　A 解析　句意为：你预测到有这么多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛了吗？根据句意，句子应用过去将来时。 3．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .(2011·福建，27) A．held B．holding C．be held D．to hold 答案　D 解析　句意为：与前一个版本厚度和重量的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。仔细观察句子可知，题干中含有一个句式：make＋宾语＋形容词＋动词不定式。分析此句式结构可知，hold与宾语iPad 2之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但与其逻辑主语(for) us之间为主谓关系，在此省略了逻辑主语，故用动词不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。