2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 4《Three Gorges》（重大版必修4）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记

　　1．flood /fld/ vi./vt.淹没；n.洪水

　　2．stage /steId/ n．阶段

　　3．fantastic /fæntæstIk/ adj.奇妙的；稀奇的

　　4．budget /bʌdʒIt/ n．预算

　　5．sightseeing /saItˌsiːIŋ/ n．观光；旅游

　　6．ensure /Inə/ vi./vt.确定；担保；保证

　　7．accommodation /əˌkmə′deIʃn/ n．膳宿

　　8．deposit /dIpɒzIt/ vt.沉淀；堆积

　　9．annual /ænjʊəl/ adj.每年的；一年一次的

　　10．shadow /ædəʊ/ n．影子；阴影

　　11．resettle /ˌriːsetl/ vi./vt.再定居，重新安顿resettlement n．再定居，重新安置settlement n．定居settle vi./vt.安顿下来；坐下；确定→settler n．定居者

　　12．arrival /əraIvəl/ n．到达；到来→arrive vi.到达；到来

　　13．production /prədʌkʃən/ n．生产；制作→produce vt./vi.生产；制作；创作；→product n．产品；结果→productive adj.多产的；富有成效的

　　14．amazing /əmeIzIŋ/ adj.令人惊异的→amazed adj.吃惊的→amaze vt.使吃惊→amazement n．惊异，惊愕

　　15．occupy /kjʊpaI/ vt.住进；占用→occupation n．占有；职业

　　16．hesitate /hezIteIt/ vt.犹豫；迟疑→hesitation n．犹豫

　　17．magnificence /mænIfIsns/ n．宏伟；壮丽→magnificent adj.宏伟的；壮丽的→magnificently adv.宏伟地；壮丽地

　　.重点短语识记

　　1．carry out执行，操作

　　2．with the support of在……支持下

　　3．leave for离开……去……

　　4．see off送行

　　5．pull out出发

　　6．on board在船上，到船上

　　7．such as譬如……

　　8．set apart使分离，使分开

　　9．as if似乎，好像

　　10．settle down定居；平静下来

　　11．be composed of由……组成

　　12．on behalf of代表

　　.经典原句默写与背诵

　　1．The evacuation was to be carried out in two stages.

　　整个移民安置计划分两个阶段进行。

　　2．As the passenger liner was pulling out，the migrants on board waved their hands to those who had not yet been evacuated，tears rolling down their cheeks.

　　随着客轮缓缓驶出港口，船上的移民向着还未迁移的乡亲们挥手告别，泪水顺着他们的脸颊滚落下来。

　　3．It is the third longest in the world after the Amazon in South America and the Nile in Africa.

　　它(长江)是继南美亚马逊河、非洲尼罗河之后的世界第三长河。

　　1．Careful planning and hard work can ensure our success.(ensure)

　　2．Will they make any attempt to resettle the victims in this earthquake? (resettle)

　　3．We were amazed to hear that she passed the test without much difficulty.(amaze)

　　4．He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.(hesitate)

　　5．A city has to be packaged properly to be attractive to tourists.(package)

　　6．He celebrated the arrival of the New Year with a party with his friends.(arrive)

　　1

　　settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来

　　settle down to开始专心做……(to是介词)

　　settle in定居；习惯于；适应

　　settle on/upon决定……；选定……

　　But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.

　　但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。

　　They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.

　　他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。

　　夯实基础

　　一句多译

　　他们最终决定买那台车。

　　(1)They finally settled to buy the car.(settle to do)

　　(2)They finally settled on buying the car.(settle on)

　　2

　　hesitate to do sth.迟疑做……；不愿做……

　　hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决

　　without hesitation毫不犹豫地

　　have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事

　　She hesitated a long time and then she said “Yes”．

　　她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。

　　I will not hesitate to take unpopular decisions.

　　我会毫不犹豫地作出并不受欢迎的决定。

　　夯实基础

　　(1)同义句改写

　　I would decline the post without hesitation.(用have no hesitation in...改写句子)

　　I would have no hesitation in declining the post.

　　(2)We are at your service.Don’t hesitate to turn to us(尽管找我们) if you have any further problems.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had

　　in the new country.

　　A．settled

　　B．settling

　　C．to settle

　　D．settle

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查固定短语have difficulty (in) doing...，故答案为B。

　　2．It always takes the class a while to

　　at the start of the class.

　　A．settle on

　　B．settle in

　　C．settle down

　　D．settle up

　　答案　C

　　解析　settle down表示“定居，平静下来，专心于”。句意为：在开始上课前，同学们总是需要一段时间才能安静下来。

　　3．Whenever you have difficulty with your homework，don’t hesitate

　　her for help.

　　A．to be asked

　　B．asked

　　C．to ask

　　D．asking

　　答案　C

　　解析　hesitate后跟不定式，表示“不愿做……”。

　　4．A lot of countries have gained great achievements in space technology，

　　China and India.

　　A．for example

　　B．that is

　　C．such as

　　D．in other words

　　答案　C

　　解析　由有无标点符号且仅列举了部分事例可确定答案为C项。

　　.汉译英

　　1．我对女儿制订了一个规则：必须达到班里前五名，否则会受到某种形式的惩罚。(top)(2011·陕西·书面表达)

　　I have a rule for my daughter: be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or another.

　　2．你能给我提一些建议以使你对我们学校的参观更有兴趣更能留下印象吗？(impressive)(2011·天津·书面表达)

　　Can you give me some advice on how to make your visit to our school more interesting and impressive?

　　1．She is known for her kindness.

　　2．She finally carried out her dream of becoming a film star.

　　3．And what is it that sets apart people who love each other?

　　4．Wives used to see their husbands off to work at the front door，but this is no longer common.

　　5．One day I’ll want to settle down and have a family.

　　1

　　such...as像……这种的；诸如……之类的

　　for example/instance例如

　　In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.

　　除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有更大的选择范围，像旅游、走亲访友等。(2017·辽宁·书面表达)

　　词义辨析　such as，for example，that is

　　(1)such as用来列举事物/人物中的几个例子，放在被列举的事物/人物与前面的名词之间，as仅列举部分事例，之后切不可有逗号。

　　(2)for example主要用于举例说明，一般只举同类人或事物中的“一个”，其位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，前后可有逗号。

　　(3)that is用来列举全部事例，放在被列举事例的前面，并用逗号隔开。相当于namely或that is to say。

　　特别提醒

　　区别上述三个短语的关键是：(1)判断是列举部分事例还是列举全部事例；(2)在句中的位置。

　　夯实基础

　　用such as，for example，that is填空

　　(1)He has been to many countries，such as Canada，Great Britain and Japan.

　　(2)Most of us want to leave now—Bill，for example.

　　(3)I have three children，that is，John，Ann and Tom.

　　2

　　compose v．组成，构成；作曲，创作(音乐)

　　compose a letter/speech/poem撰写信函/演讲稿/诗歌

　　composer n．创作者；作曲者；作曲家

　　The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.

　　这支军队将由来自北约国家的部队组成。

　　Cale also uses electronic keyboards to compose.

　　凯尔也用电子键盘谱曲。

　　夯实基础

　　一句多译

　　该委员会由十人组成。

　　(1)Ten men make up the committee./The committee is made up of ten men.(make up)

　　(2)The committee is composed of ten men./Ten men compose the commitee.(compose)

　　(3)The committee consists of ten men. (consist of)

　　3

　　I’m calling on behalf of Mr.Black.

　　我是代布莱克先生打电话来的。

　　I apologize on behalf of the hotel.

　　为了旅馆的利益我道歉。

　　夯实基础

　　On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.我谨代表本部门感谢大家。

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．His daughter was admitted by that university

　　five colleges and one graduate school，which made him proud.

　　A．consists of

　　B．composed of

　　C．is made up of

　　D．composing

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：他女儿被那所由五个学院和一个研究生院组成的大学录取了，这使他感到很自豪。be composed of 由……构成，composed of five colleges and one graduate school在句中作定语修饰that university；若A项为consisting of，C项为made up of则也为正确答案。

　　2．Don’t make a conclusion so quickly.You’d better hear me

　　.I am not speaking for myself，but

　　behalf of all my colleagues.

　　A．out；in

　　B．out；on

　　C．through；on

　　D．over；for

　　答案　B

　　解析　hear sb.out听某人说完；on behalf of代表。

　　3．—Joan is leaving today.Her plane takes off at 800.

　　—Oh，really I didn’t know that，but I will go to

　　.

　　A．see her off

　　B．pick her up

　　C．drive her away

　　D．meet with her

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：——琼今天就要走了，她的飞机八点起飞。——哦，我还真的不知道那件事，但我要去为她送行。see sb.off为某人送行；pick sb.up用车去接某人；drive sb.away把某人赶走；meet with sb.偶遇某人。只有A项符合句意。

　　.汉译英

　　但是，它们也引起了一些像空气污染、交通堵塞等的问题。(such as)(2011·江西·写作)

　　However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.

　　写出不定式在下列各句中所作的成分

　　(1)It is very hard for him to study English.主语

　　(2)What I want to do is to tell you something.表语

　　(3)He has no choice but to wait.宾语

　　(4)There is a letter to write.定语

　　(5)To get there on time，we have to leave right now.状语

　　...the migrants on board waved their hands to those who had not yet been evacuated，tears rolling down their cheeks.……在船上的移民向那些还未迁移的乡亲们挥手告别，泪水顺着他们的脸颊落下来。

　　tears rolling down their cheeks为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构由“逻辑主语＋逻辑谓语”构成，逻辑主语由名词或主格代词构成，逻辑谓语可以是名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词等构成。

　　His dinner eaten alone，Philip walked straight into the library.

　　独自一个人吃完饭后，菲利普径直走进图书馆。

　　夯实基础

　　把下列句子改为独立主格结构

　　(1)Because he is ill，we’ll have to do his work.

　　He being ill，we’ll have to do his work.

　　(2)After the ceremony was over，we went home directly.

　　The ceremony over，we went home directly.

　　(3)When George yawned，the conversation dropped.

　　George yawning，the conversation dropped.

　　(4)His first shot was a failure and Dyke fired again.

　　His first shot a failure，Dyke fired again.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．

　　Sunday，rather than

　　at home，I preferred

　　.

　　A．It being；stay；to travel

　　B．Being；to stay；to travel

　　C．Having been；stay；travel

　　D．It was；to stay；traveling

　　答案　A

　　解析　It being Sunday为独立主格结构作状语；prefer to do...rather than do...“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。

　　2．It’s said that the Olympic Games

　　in 2016 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.

　　A．holding

　　B．to be held

　　C．held

　　D．to be holding

　　答案　B

　　解析　hold与the Olympic Games之间是被动关系，且2016年奥运会尚未举办，应用不定式表将来。

　　.汉译英

　　树叶到处飘着，我一下子意识到秋天来临了。(独立主格结构)

　　Leaves falling here and there，I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.

　　1．

　　everyone

　　here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.(2017·辽宁，25)

　　A．By means of

　　B．On behalf of

　　C．In search of

　　D．For fear of

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查短语辨析。句意为：我谨代表大家祝愿你归国旅途愉快。by means of用，凭借；on behalf of代表；in search of寻找；for fear of 唯恐。

　　2．We’re having a meeting in half an hour.The decision

　　at the meeting will influence the future of our company.(2017·重庆，28)

　　A．to be made

　　B．being made

　　C．made

　　D．having been made

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：我们半小时后将要举行一个会议。会议的决定将影响我们公司的未来。题干中“in half an hour”和“will influence”都表示将来，由此可知The decision是将被作出的，to be made正合题意。而being made表“正被作出”；made和having been made都表“已被作出”，均不合题意。

　　3．Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures，some

　　a life span of around 20 years.(2011·浙江，3)

　　A．having

　　B．had

　　C．have

　　D．to have

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：蝙蝠是令人吃惊的长寿动物，有些蝙蝠的生命周期达到大约20年。分析句式结构可知，这是一个简单句，中间用逗号分隔，所以后半句是对前半句的补充说明，some是逻辑主语，其后应跟非谓语动词形式，由于some与have之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。

　　4．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him

　　he had done something very clever.

　　(2011·湖南，33)

　　A．as if

　　B．in case

　　C．while

　　D．though

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。as if好像；in case以防万一；while当……时候，而，却；though尽管。由句意可知应选A项。

　　.单项填空

　　1．

　　to tell him the news；he has been told of it.

　　A．There is no need

　　B．It is no need

　　C．You are no need

　　D．It needn’t

　　答案　A

　　解析　此处表示“没有必要……”，need 是名词，因此用there be 句型。

　　2．Although

　　under the sea for several hundred years，the ship loaded with a great deal of china is still in good condition.

　　A．buried

　　B．burying

　　C．to be buried

　　D．being buried

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查非谓语动词。the ship与bury之间是被动关系，且动作已经发生，所以用过去分词。

　　3．The local government has decided to provide more job opportunities for college graduates，

　　，in my opinion，will benefit those who are still unemployed.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　答案　D

　　解析　which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。

　　4．—It’s better for you to lose weight by taking exercise every morning.

　　—I think your suggestion deserves

　　.

　　A．try

　　B．tried

　　C．to be tried

　　D．to try

　　答案　C

　　解析　deserve值得，后常跟to do/to be done。suggestion与try之间为被动关系，故选C。

　　5．—I’ll drop in on our retired English teacher on the way to the market.

　　—

　　that case，I

　　go with you，since I’m free now.

　　A．On；may as well

　　B．At；may well

　　C．In；might as well

　　D．In；may well

　　答案　C

　　解析　in that case在那种情况下；may/might as well不妨。

　　6．A new manager will come to take

　　charge of this company，which was in

　　charge of Mr.Wang.

　　A．the；the

　　B．/；/

　　C．the；/

　　D．/；the

　　答案　D

　　解析　take charge of负责；in the charge of sb.由某人管理。

　　7．People are proud of

　　they have achieved in the past ten years.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．how

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：人民为他们10年以来取得的成就感到自豪。此句可改为People are proud of the things that they have...，the things that可以用what来代替。

　　8．—What are we visiting next Monday?

　　—A modern city that has appeared in

　　was a village ten years ago.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查宾语从句。填入的连词应引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，根据题意选C项。

　　9．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and

　　.

　　A．I was neither

　　B．neither was I

　　C．I was either

　　D．either was I

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：比尔对贾森推迟做报告这件事不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)，“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.”表示前面否定的情况也适用于某人。

　　10．—This is the model plane I made yesterday，Dad.

　　—

　　！

　　A．Thank you

　　B．Just so­so

　　C．My pleasure

　　D．Good work

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查交际用语。根据语境选D项。

　　.完形填空

　　Life is short.Are you doing what you love？Are you living your passion?

　　If not，why？I am guessing most people will answer that

　　1

　　with “I have a mortgage(按揭)，and three kids to

　　2

　　.” In the real world people have responsibilities.They have to make

　　3

　　.You aren’t supposed to be happy with your job but you do it because you have to.

　　To be frank，they are wrong.You can take

　　4

　　of your responsibilities and also be happy with your job.We spend over 1/3 of our day，at least five days a week

　　5

　　our jobs.This is a lot of time to be wasting on something we don’t

　　6

　　，is it not？Why not spend that time doing something you truly are

　　7

　　about for 50 hours a week instead of something that lacks

　　8

　　？

　　Love What You Do.Do What You Love.

　　1． A.confusion

　　B．call

　　C．criticism

　　D．question

　　答案　D

　　解析　confusion混淆；call电话；criticism批评；question问题。根据第一段“Are you doing what you love？Are you living your passion？”和第二段“If not，why？”可知，这里应指人们回答这些问题。故D项正确。

　　2． A.care

　　B．support

　　C．grow

　　D．keep

　　答案　B

　　解析　care关心；support供养；grow成长；keep保留。根据语境可知，大多数人会说“我有按揭，还要养活三个孩子。”故B项正确。

　　3． A.sacrifices

　　B．complaints

　　C．donations

　　D．comments

　　答案　A

　　解析　sacrifice牺牲；complaint抱怨；donation捐赠；comment评论。根据下文“You aren’t supposed to be happy with your job but you do it because you have to.”可知，在现实生活中，人们有责任，不得不做出牺牲。故A项正确。

　　4． A.notice

　　B．pride

　　C．care

　　D．advantage

　　答案　C

　　解析　take notice of注意；take pride in以……为自豪；take care of照顾，负责；take advantage of利用。根据第三段内容可知，你可以既承担责任，也很开心地完成工作。故C项正确。

　　5． A.dealing

　　B．performing

　　C．realizing

　　D．hunting

　　答案　B

　　解析　deal照顾；perform完成；realize实现；hunt寻找。根据语境可知，我们每周至少花五天时间工作。故B项正确。

　　6． A.concern

　　B．know

　　C．enjoy

　　D．achieve

　　答案　C

　　解析　concern关心；know知道；enjoy喜欢；achieve达到。根据语境可知，我们把许多时间浪费在了自己并不喜欢的事情上。此处与上文第二段人们的抱怨相呼应。故C项正确。

　　7． A.certain

　　B．skilled

　　C．curious

　　D．passionate

　　答案　D

　　解析　certain确信；skilled熟练的；curious好奇的；passionate热情的。句意为：为什么不花时间做一些你真正感兴趣的事情呢？故D项正确。

　　8． A.enthusiasm

　　B．truth

　　C．meaning

　　D．use

　　答案　C

　　解析　enthusiasm热心；truth事实，真理；meaning意义；use使用。根据语境可知，此处指没有意义的事情。故C项正确。

　　.阅读理解

　　Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture.We point fingers or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the body language of every country，or we may be misunderstood.

　　In the United States，people greet each other with a handshake in formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other’s arm or shoulder.Some people，usually women，greet with a hug.

　　Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other，they usually stand two and half feet(69 centimeters)away and at an angle(角度)，so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident，they say，“Pardon me” or “Excuse me”．

　　Americans like to look the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don’t do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested.But when you stare at someone，it is impolite.

　　Learning a culture’s body language is sometimes very difficult.If you don’t know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile.

　　1．From the first paragraph we can know that

　　.

　　A．gestures don’t mean anything in a talk

　　B．gestures can help us to express our meaning

　　C．we can learn a language well without its body language

　　D．only American people can use gestures

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“We point fingers or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.”可知，B项正确。

　　2．If you stay in the United States，you should

　　.

　　A．shake your friends’ hands all the time

　　B．shake your friends’ hands with your eyes looking up

　　C．greet your friends in a polite way

　　D．greet a girlfriend by putting hands on her shoulders

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“...people greet each other with a handshake in formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.”可知C项正确。其他选项在文中没有涉及。

　　3．In the United States，people often

　　.

　　A．show their friendship by touching each other

　　B．show their friendship by glancing at each other

　　C．say “Pardon me” to each other in a talk

　　D．feel uneasy when you stand too close to them

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.”可知D项正确。

　　4．When an American friend is interested in what you are talking，he would

　　.

　　A．say “Pardon me” or “Excuse me”

　　B．stare at you

　　C．look you in the eyes

　　D．stand close to you

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Americans like to look the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don’t do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested.”可知C项正确。

　　.写作素材(关于移居)

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用过去分词短语作定语，不定式作表语。

　　1．由于大雨，这些村庄被淹了。

　　Because of the heavy rain，these villages were flooded.

　　2．在该委员会的支持下，水灾地区的人们不得不坐船离开家乡。

　　With the support of the committee，people from the flooded area had to go on board and left their hometown.

　　3．他们迁移到了安全的地方并在那儿定居下来。

　　They moved to a safe place and settled down there.

　　4．人们安顿下来后，下一步的任务就是要习惯当地的环境和生活。

　　After the people settled，the next task was to get used to the local environment and life.

　　5．希望他们的生活越来越好。

　　We hope their life will be better and better.