Unit 4 Wildlife protection
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．This kind of animal is ________ (decrease) rapidly，so the __________ (protect) of the animals is necessary.
2．It is ________ (确定的) that the heavy rain will do ________(损害) to the crops.
3．On the hill，we could see the forest ________ (保护区) in the ________ (distant)．
4．To my surprise，when I approached the fierce (凶猛的) dog，it didn’t ________ (反应)．
5．We should make sure that the foreign guests are ________ (安全的) when they ________ (视察) our company.
.选词填空
1．The old prefer to live ________________ in the countryside.
2．Tom，it’s time for school.Get up and ________________ quickly!
3．In order to ________ his men ________ hunger and desease，Captain Cook loaded his ship with everything necessary.
4．Why are these animals ________________ disappearing?
5．When he saw the child was not injured，he sighed
________________.
6．The children ________________________ when they heard the funny story.
.完成句子
1．学生们一直都渴望举行一次音乐会。
The students ______________________________ a concert.
2．我不知道将来会发生什么事。
____________________ will happen in the future.
3．没有共产党，就没有新中国，也就没有今天的幸福生活。
________ the CCP，________ New China，________ the happy life today.
4．我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。
We admired ________________ he solved the problem..单项填空
1．What made us satisfied is that the car ________ well to the controls.
A．responds
B．corresponds
C．replies
D．reflects
2．If he can ________ this speed，it is ________ that he will get the first place in the race.
A．keep up；certain
B．keep with；certain
C．keep to；sure
D．keep out；sure
3．With three goals in the first period they had a ________ victory，but somehow they lost.
A．secure
B．uncertain
C．unsure
D．doubtful
4．You’d better ________ the money for future use.
A．receive
B．reserve
C．reward
D．reduce
5．It is raining.Use the umbrella to ________ yourself from the rain.
A．prevent
B．protect
C．defend
D．stop
6．I will do it ________ your instructions.
A．due to
B．owing to
C．according to D．thanks to
7．The baby burst ________ crying at the sight of the nurse.
A．off
B．into
C．out
D．with
8．I wonder ________ they will come to help us.
A．what
B．that
C．which
D．if
9．I wondered ________ he had been absent from school.
A．if
B．where
C．why
D．while
10．Do it ________I told you to.
A．that
B．which
C．whether
D．the way1．contain包含；容纳；含有；克制(感情)；抑制
________ n．容器；货柜
【归纳拓展】
contain oneself克制自己
注意：contain表示“容纳”时，不用于进行时。
(1)What I need is a book that contains the ABC of oil painting.(2009·全国，14)
我需要的是一本里面有油画基础知识的书。
(2)The drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
【活学活用】
(1)I was so angry that ______________________________.
我非常气愤，简直无法克制自己。
(2)用contain，include的适当形式填空
The plane can ________ about 300 people，________ the pilot.
(3)The house________ six rooms altogether，________ the study.(2011·遵义市调研)
A．contains；containing
B．contains；including
C．includes；including
D．includes；containing2．affect 影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭
【归纳拓展】
be affected by heat中暑
the effect on对……的影响
come into effect实施，生效
take effect见效，起作用
(1)In 2010，most southern parts of China were affected by the flood.2010年，中国南部的大部分地区受到了洪水灾害的影响。
(2)Her kidneys had been affected.
她的肾脏受到了感染。
【活学活用】
(1)用affect，effect，influence的适当形式填空
Modern farming methods have greatly ________ agriculture，the ______ of which will have a(n) ________ on the environment.
(2)We pay much attention to the changes in the weather just because it ________ us so directly in what we wear，what we do and how we feel.
A．affects
B．attractsC．benefits
D．contacts3．appreciate 欣赏；感激；意识到
________ n．欣赏；感激
【归纳拓展】
appreciate doing感激做……
I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激
in appreciation of/for欣赏；感激；认可
—Bruce，I really appreciate your handwriting.
—Thank you very much.(2009·福建，21)
——布鲁斯，我很欣赏你的书写。
——多谢！
【活学活用】
(1)I don’t think you ________________________ this will cause.
我认为你不完全了解这件事情会造成怎样的困难。
(2)________________________ you would turn the radio down.如果你把收音机的声音调小一点，我将非常感激。
(3)I would appreciate ________ if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.
A．that
B．it
C．you
D．this4．succeed 成功；继承；办成
________ n．成功；成功的人(或事)
________ adj.成功的；有成效的
【归纳拓展】
succeed in (doing) sth.成功做某事
be successful in doing 做……成功
Our plan succeeded/was successful，and soon we were in complete control.我们的计划顺利完成了，于是我们很快就完全控制了局面。
【活学活用】
(1)I am confident you will ______________________________.
我有信心你会成为一名成功的律师。
(2)Scientists claim they have succeeded________ a cure for cancer.(2011·承德联考)
A．in finding
B．of finding
C．to finding
D．for finding 5.harm n．& vt.伤害；损害；危害
________ adj.有害的
________ adj.无害的(to)；无恶意的
【归纳拓展】
do harm to...对……造成伤害
do sb.harm＝do harm to sb.伤害某人，对某人有害
be harmful to...对……有害
(1)Fruit juice can do harm to children’s teeth.
果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。
(2)The drought was harmful to the crops.
这场干旱对农作物有危害。
【活学活用】
(1)There’s no harm in calling him.
＝It ____________________________ call him.
打电话给他并没什么害处。
(2)用hurt，harm，wound，injure的适当形式填空
Tom ________ his leg in an accident and a bullet ________ him in the shoulder that ________ badly，which did great ________ to his health.
(3)Drinking too much can________ one’s health.
A．harm
B．hurt
C．injure
D．wound 6．employ 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
________ n．雇主
________ n．雇员
________ n．雇用
【归纳拓展】
employ...as...雇用某人作……/把……当作……来使用
employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事
His mother is employed as a shop assistant.
他母亲受雇于一家商店做店员。
【活学活用】
(1)How do you ________________________ time?
你怎样利用你的业余时间？
(2)He __________________________ a new book these days.
这些日子他一直忙于写一本新书。
But the college actually ________________________________ the DNA project.(2009·浙江，阅读理解E)
但事实上这个大学雇用了她，让她接管DNA研究项目。
(4)The children were employed______ the garden.
A．weed
B．weeding
C．to weed
D．in weeding 7．pay attention to注意
________ adj.专心的；留心的；体贴的；亲切的
【归纳拓展】
draw/catch/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
devote one’s attention to专心于……
fix/focus one’s attention on集中注意力于……
So，it’s important to pay attention to every detail.(2010·江苏，阅读理解D)
因此，重视每一个细节是很重要的。
【活学活用】
(1)She ________________________ a new problem.
她把注意力转移到一个新的问题上。
(2)You must ____________________ what I say.
你必须多留意我的话。
(3)________ should be paid to our study，and only in this way can we make more progress.
A．Heart
B．Mind
C．Notice
D．Attention 8．come into being形成；产生；开始存在(无被动式)
【归纳拓展】
come into force (法律)实施
come into effect生效
come (in)to power当权
come into action采取行动
How words came into being is unknown.(2010·全国，阅读理解E)
单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。
【活学活用】
(1)A new rule will soon ____________________. 一个新规则很快就要出台了。
(2)After a heated discussion，a new plan came________ being，which would have a great effect________ the study of the students.(2011·日照期终)
A．into；for
B．to；to
C．from；at
D．into；on
9．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being...
译文 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
句式提取：long before作时间状语
(1)long before相当于long long ago，意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before后边可以跟从句。
(2)before long相当于soon或a little later，意为“不久；不久以后”，常与将来时、过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。
(3)It will be long before＋从句 要过很久才……
It won’t be long before he goes abroad.
过不了多久他就要出国。
【活学活用】
(1)I had heard of him ________________ I came here.
早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。
(2)He was told that it would be at least three more months________ he could recover and return to work.(2010·淮北统考)
A．when B．before
C．since
D．that
[写作句型公式]1．doubt whether/if...
I don’t doubt that he’ll come.
我确信他会来。
I doubt whether he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他能否来。
2．A is to B what C is to D．＝What A is to B is what C is to D.
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
发动机之于机器如同心脏之于动物。
3．had hoped to do＝hoped to have done
类似的词还有：expect，think，intend，design，plan，mean，suppose等，此类结构还有：would like/prefer/love to have done，was/were supposed to have done。
—Did you go to see the film Titanic last night?
——昨晚你看电影《泰坦尼克号》了吗？
—I’d like to have，but I had an unexpected guest.
——我本想看，但来了一个不速之客。[日常交际用语]17．time is up：someone has to stop doing something，because they have done it for long enough
该结束了；够了
OK，kids！Time is up—get out of the pool.
好了，孩子们！游够了——从池子里出来吧。
18．“So what？”：to show that you don’t think that something that has been mentioned is important
那有什么关系呢？
I do smoke here.So what?
我在这里抽烟了。那又怎么样呢？课前准备区
.1.decreasing；protection 2.certain；harm 3.reserve；distance 4.respond 5.secure；inspect
.1.in peace 2.get dressed 3.protect；from 4.in danger of 5.in relief 6.burst into laughter
Ⅲ.1.has always longed to have 2.I wonder what 3.No；no；no 4.the way
.1.A [respond意为“反应”，符合句意；而B项意为“一致，符合。”]
2．A [第一空为“保持”；第二空certain意为“确定的”。]
3．A [secure意为“确定的，有把握的”。句意为：上半场有三个进球了，他们胜券在握了，但不知怎么地，他们竟输了。]
4．B [reserve意为“保留”，符合句意。]
5．B [protect...from意为“保护……不受……危害”。]
6．C [according to意为“按照，根据”。]
7．C [burst out crying突然哭起来，为固定搭配。]
8．D [根据句意，应该用if引导宾语从句，表“是否”。]
9．C [此处why引导宾语从句。句意为：我不知道他为什么没来上学。]
10．D [the way用于引导方式状语从句。]
课堂活动区
1．container
活学活用
(1)I couldn’t contain myself (2)contain；including
contain，include
(1)contain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物，装有某物，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。
(2)include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth.。
(3)B [句意为：这所房子有六个房间，包括书房。第一空指“包含的全部东西”，用contain；第二空指“包含的一部分”，用介词including。故选B项。]
2．活学活用
(1)affected；effect；influence
affect，effect，influence
(1)affect只能用作及物动词，其含义是“使……发生变化”，因此“影响”这一词义还可以引申为“感动，感染”。
(2)effect用作名词，着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组have an effect on中，意思相当于affect。effect也可以用作及物动词，但意思完全不同，作“使……发生，产生……结果”讲。
(3)influence既可用作名词，也可用作动词，通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的短语搭配：have an influence on sb./sth.对某人/某事物有影响。(2)A [句意为：我们总是很关注天气的情况，因为它直接影响到我们的着装……。affect动词，意为“影响”。故选A项。]
3．appreciation
活学活用
(1)appreciate the difficulties (2)I’d appreciate it if
(3)B [I’d appreciate it if...如果……我会非常感激，为固定句式。]
4．success；successful
活学活用
(1)be a successful lawyer
(2)A [succeed in doing sth.做某事成功，为固定用法。]
5．harmful；harmless
活学活用
(1)does no harm to(2)injured；wounded；hurt；harm
hurt，harm，wound，injure
(1)hurt指“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”，或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”。其过去分词只能作表语，不能作定语。
(2)harm指“危害，使人受伤害”，常用于抽象事物。
(3)wound指“伤害，使受伤”，主要用于枪、刀、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤，用作及物动词时，其宾语是人而不是受伤的部位。
(4)injure指“使受伤，伤害”，尤其是指在事故中的伤害。它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响。
(3)A [伤害“健康”应用harm。]
6．employer；employee；employment
活学活用
(1)employ your spare (2)has been employed in writing
(3)employed her to take over
(4)D [be employed in doing sth.忙于做某事，为固定搭配。]
7．attentive
活学活用
(1)turned her attention to (2)be more attentive to
(3)D [四个选项中和pay...to搭配的只有attention，其他不合语法结构。]
8．活学活用
(1)come into being
(2)D [come into being和have an effect on为固定搭配。]
9．千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多……
活学活用
(1)long before
(2)B [本题考查时间状语从句的引导词。由It＋be＋时间段＋before从句“要过多久才……”可知，此处用before。句式“It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句”，表示“自从……以来已有……”。]
.单项填空(建议用时8′)
1．He had a son and a daughter，________taught at the same school.(2011·德州调研)
A．that
B．both of whom
C．neither of them
D．both of them
2．This book________ 18 articles，________ three written by my father.
A．contains；includes
B．includes；containing
C．contains；including
D．includes；contained
3．If you buy more than ten，they will knock 20 percent off ________.(2011·烟台模拟)
A．a price
B．priceC．the price
D．prices
4．Once out of the earth’s gravity，the astronaut is ________ by the problem of weightlessness.
A．affected
B．effected
C．related
D．offered
5．—Would you mind if I take the seat?
—________.
A．Yes，sit down，please
B．No，not at all
C．Surely，never mind
D．No，you can’t take it6．I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.
A．achievement
B．agreement
C．attention
D．appreciation
7．Some measures________ to protect wildlife resources.(2010·威海统考)
A．are taking
B．are made
C．are being taken
D．being taken
8．On the basis of his great experience，he had________ developing an entirely new method of polar exploration.
A．succeeded in
B．won for
C．had victory to
D．won in
9．My chest________ when I make a deep breath，doctor.(2011·黄冈模拟)
A．harms
B．wounds
C．hurts
D．injures
10．It is said that he________ in a computer company since graduation.
A．has employed
B．has been employed
C．had employed
D．is employed
11．Great attention must be paid ________ education，especially in the countryside.
A．develop
B．to develop
C．to developing
D．developing
12．The new law has come into________；surely it will have________ on industry of the country.
A．affect；an effect
B．effect；affect
C．effect；an effect
D．an effect；an effect
13．He said in his letter that he was going to visit China ________ and he had the idea ________.
A．long before；before long
B．before long；long beforeC．before long；soon
D．before long；before long
14．My parents had to use________ they had to buy the house in which we are now living.
A．what
B．what that
C．all what
D．that
15．—The housework is too much for me，Jack.
—Sorry，but I can’t help________ it，Joan.I’ve got something important to do，you know.
A．do
B．doing
C．to be doing
D．having done
.完形填空(建议用时16′) One day I took a bus with my girlfriend.It was so __16__ that we stood for several stops until a vacant seat was __17__ for her.
Then a pretty girl rushed towards me，saying，“Hi，where are you going？”I was so struck by the stranger that I had a hard time trying to __18__ her.Clearly she had taken me __19__ somebody else.I returned her greeting with politeness，__20__ to give explanation to my girlfriend later.
Noticing my dialogue with somebody else，my girlfriend __21__ her eyes and found she was pretty.She asked jealously，“who’s she？” The pretty girl，quite __22__ of the situation，spoke out first，“Hi，let me __23__ myself.I’m Nancy，used to be __24__.Very glad to meet you.”She behaved very __25__. But I was __26__ to search in my memory for someone called Nancy among my neighbors.I was worrying how to explain this to my girlfriend __27__ the pretty girl again turned to me，“Will you give me your cellphone number so that we __28__ keep contact(联系) later？” I had to submit to her __29__.
Then the girl got off the bus at the next stop.
A minute later I got a short __30__ on my phone from a stranger.My girlfriend __31__ my phone and read the note.It was from the girl，who said，“Just now，two thieves tried to __32__ your pocket.I had to act as an acquaintance to draw your attention.I should have left at the __33__ stop but gave up as I noticed these two thieves also __34__ to leave at the same stop.Because of the __35__ I delayed my departure.Now you’ll understand all I have done to you.Wish you luck.”
16．A.tiring B．slow C．crowded D．messy
17．A.ready B．available C．special D．suitable
18．A.identify B．realize C．remind D．judge
19．A.on B．by C．with D．for
20．A.preferring B．planning C．managing D．promising
21．A.fixed B．opened C．raised D．focused
22．A.proud B．careful C．afraid D．aware
23．A.explain B．enjoy C．introduce D．help
24．A.partners B．neighbors C．friends D．colleagues
25．A.naturally B．generously C．cautiously D．normally
26．A.in a hurry B．at a loss C．at ease D．in time
27．A.while B．before C．when D．until
28．A.would B．can C．should D．must
29．A.request B．question C．command D．opinion
30．A.suggestion B．warning C．notice D．message
31．A.removed B．seized C．found D．caught
32．A.steal B．reach C．get D．pick
33．A.terminal B．former C．previous D．latter
34．A.pretending B．intending C．demanding D．announcing
35．A.incident B．matter C．accident D．affair
.阅读理解(建议用时7′)
A popular saying goes，“Sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will never hurt me.” However，that’s not really true.Words have the power to build us up or tear us down.It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves—the positive and negative effects are lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes.We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it，though.But we really shouldn’t be，because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves is a healthy habit.
This “selftalk” helps us motivate(激发) ourselves，remember things，solve problems and calm ourselves down.Be aware，though，that as much as 77% of selftalk tends to be negative.So in order to stay positive，we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.We should also be quick to give_ourselves_a_pat_on_the_back.The next time you finish a project，do well on a test，or finally clean your room，join me in saying，“Good job！”
Often，words came out of our mouths without us thinking about the effects they will have；but we should be aware that our words will cause certain responses to others.For example，when returning an item to a store，we might use warm，friendly language during the exchange.And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner.Or we can use harsh (苛刻的)，critical language，which will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.
Words possess power because of their lasting effects.Many of us regret something we once said.And we remember unkind words said to us！Before speaking，we should always ask ourselves：Is it true？Is it loving？Is it needed？If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test，then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power：both positive and negative.Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively.We can offer hope，build selfesteem(自尊) and motivate others to do their best.Negative words destroy all those things.Will we use our words to hurt or to heal？The choice is ours.(2011·威海调研)
36．The author argues in the first paragraph that________.
A．words will never hurt us at all
B．words have lasting effects on us
C．inspiring words give us confidence
D．negative words may let us down
37．Why should not we feel embarrassed when it comes to talking to ourselves?
A．Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health.
B．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.
C．Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.
D．It is harmful to have “selftalk” when we are alone.
38．The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph 3 means “________”．
A．blame ourselves
B．punish ourselves
C．talk to ourselves
D．praise ourselves
39．Which of the following statements would the author agree to?
A．Unkind words are unlikely to be forgotten.
B．Positive words may destroy all the good relations.
C．It is better to think twice before talking to others.
D．Kind words are sure to cause unfavorable responses.
40．Why should we talk in a friendly way when returning an item to a store?
A．Because kind words destroy true relationships.
B．Because the clerk in a store is hard to deal with.
C．Because critical language may hurt your feelings.
D．Because friendly words cause positive responses..单项填空1．B [此题考查非限制性定语从句。通过逗号可以判定前后两句之间是修饰与被修饰的关系，而不是分句关系，排除C、D两项；A项不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。]2.C
3．C [knock sth.off减除，此题特指价钱减除20%，应用定冠词the。]
4．A [affect影响。]
5．B [在情景交际中，当对方以Do/Would you mind...？提出请求时，若你同意对方的请求，要用Not at all./No，of course not./No，go ahead.；如果你不同意对方的请求，要用Yes，please don’t.等来回答。]
6．D [show appreciation of表达“对……的欣赏”。]
7．C
8．A [succeed in doing sth.做某事成功。]
9．C [hurt此处作“疼痛”讲。] 10.B
11．C [to为介词，故其后接 developing 作宾语，而不用动词原形。]
12．C [come into effect和have an effect on为固定搭配。] 13.B
14．A [what不能与all或that连用。what相当于all that。]
15．A [can’t help do或to do意为“不能帮助做”，而can’t help doing则意为“禁不住要做”。]
得分策略
[经典例题] Mark Twain，father of American literature，wrote a lot of novels，many of________ have been translated into foreign languages.A．them
B．which
C．what
D．that
错因分析 本题是对非限制性定语从句的考查。考生很容易把它与并列句混淆，误选A项。在定语从句中，关系代词that不能直接位于介词后面，what不能引导定语从句，故排除选项C和D。正确答案为B项。
[得分笔记] 判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键是看题干中的空格前是否有并列连词and或分号等，如果有，则为并列句，反之则为定语从句。本题无并列连词，因此，正确答案是many of which引导的非限制性定语从句。.完形填空16．C [“我们”站了好几站才有座位，可知当时汽车很拥挤，用crowded。]
17．B [好几站后，才有可以坐的(available)座位，此处available表示“可得到的，可获得的”。]
18．A [有人向“我”打招呼，而“我”不知道她是谁，所以只能竭尽全力去辨认(identify)这个人是谁。]
19．D [take sb.for把某人误认为。]
20．B [虽然不认识她，但“我”还是礼貌地回应了她，同时打算(plan to)随后给“我”女友解释。]
21．C [此时“我”女朋友抬起眼来(raise her eyes)，看到了这个漂亮的女孩子。]
22．D [这个漂亮女孩子意识到(aware)“我们”的状况，马上说，“让我介绍一下……”。她表现得非常自然(naturally)。]
23．C [从说话内容可知，这里女孩先介绍自己(introduce)。]
24．B [第四段第一句话中的among my neighbors有提示。]
25．A [参看22题解析。她表现得非常自然(naturally)。]
26．B [但“我”还是一头雾水(at a loss)。at a loss是固定词组，表示“不知所措”。]
27．C [从语境可知，当女孩再次转向“我”时(when)，“我”正在担心如何向女友解释呢。]28．B [女孩向“我”索要电话号码，以便“我们”能(can)随后联系，“我”不得已接受了她的请求(request)。]
29．A [参看28题解析。]
30．D [从上下文可知，她要了“我”的电话号码，这时“我”收到了她发来的短信(message)。]
31．B [从语境可知，“我”女朋友有点“吃醋”，所以看到陌生人的短信，一把夺过(seize)手机。]
32．D [pick one’s pocket是固定词组，表示“扒窃，掏包儿”。]
33．C [从上下文可知，女孩本来在前面(previous)一站要下车的。previous以前的，前面的，符合语境。]
34．B [两个小偷也打算(intend to)在同一站下车。intend to打算。]
35．A [此处表示由于这次事件，女孩推迟了下车的时间。incident表示“发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)”。]
得分策略
完形填空题型的解题技巧(二)
5．根据固定搭配和固定句型，确定正确选项
固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。
[经典例题] He knew that his friends all had bicycles.It was 39(hard) to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels.He thought about what he could do.There was no __40__asking his parents，for he knew they had no money to 41(spare)． 40．A.point
B．reason
C．result
D．right
答案解析 A There is no point (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没有意义”，是固定句型。
6．利用同义词、近义词或反义词的复现，排除干扰选项。
在完形填空文章中，常会有某一词语在语篇中重复出现的现象，有时也会出现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。
7．巧用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项。
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接部分，主要有：and，but，or，in addition，that is to say等。
8．依据背景常识，确定正确答案。
考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识充分想象当时的情景。.阅读理解36．B [细节理解题。作者在第一段先引用一句格言。作者驳斥了这种观点，并在最后一句提出相反的观点。选项B包含了选项C和D的陈述，故B项正确；而选项A的陈述不是作者的观点。]
37．A [细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句可知，专家认为“自言自语”是一种对我们健康有益的习惯。]
38．D [短语意思猜测题。根据第三段可知，自言自语可以激励我们，帮助我们记忆事情、解决问题等，因此为了让我们保持积极的心态，我们要多对自己说一些鼓励的话语。再结合第三段最后一句的大意“当你完成一项任务、取得好的考试成绩或打扫好房间的时候，你应当马上表扬或鼓励自己一下”可知，画线的短语意思为“表扬自己”。]
39．C [推理判断题。由第五段中的“Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves...”可知，作者建议我们说话之前要三思，避免说出草率的话语伤害他人，故C项的陈述符合作者的观点。]
40．D [推理判断题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，我们的话语会对别人产生影响。当我们去商店调换某种商品时，我们友好地与店员谈话，店员也会和气地对待我们。]
得分策略
在阅读理解中遇到推理判断题，如何进行推理和判断？(四)
5．文章出处类推理判断题
做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。
6．人物性格类推理判断题
做这类题时要注意准确把握字里行间的意思，特别要注意表达感情色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人物性格的主导作用。解答此类题时需要考生首先把握短文的主题思想或抓住列举的具体事实，然后进行推断。