Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
Ⅰ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peter：Cathy，look at those strangelydressed kids at our neighbor's door.What are they up to?
Cathy：Oh，they are going trickortreating.Do you know what the __1__ is today?
Peter：October 31，why?
Cathy：The last day of October is a holiday for kids.We call it Halloween.
Peter：Ah，Halloween.I've heard of it before，but I don't know how it is __2__(celebrate)．
Cathy：It is supposed to be a night __3__ all devils，ghosts，and witches are out.Children celebrate it by making jacko'lanterns.
Peter：Pardon?
Cathy：Those are lanterns __4__(make) out of fresh pumpkins with a candle __5__(burn) inside.
Peter：Today I saw some in the streets with carved faces on __6__.Are they all made by children?
Cathy：Parents usually help them and they are available in __7__(vary) shops，too.Have you been to some shops recently?
Peter：No.I have been busy with my papers.
Cathy：If you had gone，you __8__ have seen all sorts of scarecrows and witches riding brooms and holding black cats.
Peter：Fascinating！Are you going to any Halloween party tonight，Cathy？__9__ you go，take me with you.
Cathy：Yes，I'm going to __10__ Halloween party，and I'd like to take you with me.
答案 1.date 2.celebrated 3.when 4.made 5.burning 6.them 7.various 8.could 9.If 10.a
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁：
记叙文 话题：
传统文化 词数：286 难度：
★★★ 建议用时：
15分钟
(2017·福建卷)We have been driving in fog all morning，but the fog is lifting now.The little seaside villages are __1__，one by one.“There is my grandmother's house，” I say，__2__ across the bay to a shabby old house.
I am in Nova Scotia on a pilgrimage(朝圣) with Lise，my granddaughter，seeking roots for her，retracing(追溯) __3__ memory for me.Lise was one of the mobile children，__4__ from house to house in childhood.She longs for a sense of __5__，and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors __6__ for 200 years.
We soon __7__ by the house and I tell her what it was like here，the memories __8__ back，swift as the tide(潮水)．
Suddenly，I long to walk again in the __9__ where I was once so gloriously a child.It still __10__ a member of the family，but has not been lived in for a while.We cannot go into the house，but I can still walk __11__ the rooms in memory.Here，my mother __12__ in her bedroom window and wrote in her diary.I can still see the enthusiastic family __13__ into and out of the house.I could never have enough of being __14__ them.However，that was long after those childhood days.Lise __15__ attentively as I talk and then says，“So this is where I __16__；where I belong.”
She has __17__ her roots.To know where I come from is one of the great longings of the human __18__.To be rooted is “to have an origin”．We need __19__ origin.Looking backward，we discover what is unique in us；learn the __20__ of “I”．We must all go home again—in reality or memory.
【解题导读】 文章讲述了祖母带着孙女回到自己当年生活的小村庄寻根问祖的故事，提醒人们要有归属感，不能忘本。
1．A.appearing
B．moving
C．exposing
D．expanding
答案 A [根据上文the fog is lifting now可知，大雾散后，村庄出现，因此A项符合语境。]
2．A.referring
B．travelling
C．pointing
D．coming
答案 C [根据上半句“There is my grandmother's house”及本空后的内容，可知作者是用手指着海湾对面的村庄。refer提到，查阅；travel旅游；come来。]
3．A.shared
B．short
C．fresh
D．treasured
答案 D [根据下文作者对自己童年的回忆的描述可知此处应填treasured(宝贵的)。shared分享的；short短的；fresh新鲜的。]
4．A.passed
B．raised
C．moved
D．sent
答案 C [上文说“Lise是流动儿童之一”，因此后面说Lise从一个房子搬到另一个房子，只有move“搬家，移动”符合文意。故选C。]
5．A.home
B．duty
C．reality
D．relief
答案 A [她渴望家的感觉，因此我们来到我和丈夫出生的地方。因此正确答案为A。]
6．A.built
B．lived
C．remained
D．explored
答案 B [我们的祖先生活了大约200年在那里。因此正确答案为B。]
7．A.catch up
B．pull up
C．step down
D．come down
答案 B [我们不久停在房子旁边。catch up追上；pull up停下；step down退休，辞职；come down下来，败落。因此答案B正确。]
8．A.falling
B．turning
C．rushing
D．bringing
答案 C [句意为：思潮翻滚，如潮水之迅速。fall落下；turn扭转，掉过头来；rush急速流动，奔腾；bring拿来。由句意知，C项符合句意。]
9．A.yard
B．village
C．room
D．house
答案 D [根据上文“We soon __7__ by the house”可知，作者渴望到屋子里走一走。]
10．A.adapts to
B．appeals to
C．belongs to
D．occurs to
答案 C [它仍然属于家庭的一个成员。adapt to适应；appeal to呼吁；occur to发生在。因此只有belong to“属于”符合题意。]
11．A.across
B．through
C．along
D．past
答案 B [across 表示动作在某一物体的表面进行；through表示动作在某一物体的空间里进行；along沿着，顺着；past从……旁边路过，经过。]
12．A.lay
B．played
C．stood
D．sat
答案 D [我的妈妈坐在卧室窗户前写日记。因此sit“坐”为正确答案。]
13．A.marching
B．looking
C．breaking
D．pouring
答案 D [看到热心的家人从房子里进进出出。因此只有D项正确。]
14．A.between
B．with
C．near
D．behind
答案 B [句意为：我永远不会厌烦和他们在一起。be with sb“和某人在一起”符合文意。]
15．A.wonders
B．listens
C．reacts
D．agrees
答案 B [当作者讲过去的事，Lise专心的听，可知B项正确。]
16．A.began
B．grew
C．studied
D．stayed
答案 A [阅读文章可知作者现在住在外地，带着孙女来寻根，用begin“开始”能够表达出人生航程中的起点。]
17．A.deepened
B．recognized
C．accepted
D．found
答案 D [句意为：她已经找到了她的根。deepen加深；recognize认出；accept接受。只有find“找到，发现”符合文意。]
18．A.heart
B．rights
C．interest
D．behaviors
答案 A [知道我来自哪里是人心的最大的渴望之一。只有A项符合题意。]
19．A.one
B．its
C．that
D．every
答案 C [that origin代指root “那种根源”，符合文意。]
20．A.meaning
B．expression
C．connection
D．background
答案 A [句意为：回忆过去，我们发现我们的独特之处，学到了“我”的真正含义。meaning意义；expression表达；connection联系；background背景。]
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
体裁：
说明文 话题：
社会现实 词数：176 难度：
★★ 建议用时：
5分钟
(2017·陕西，C)According to sociologists(社会学家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)．Class，power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.
Class means a person's economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% the upper class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使) big power，but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的) economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge，there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S.Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
【解题导语】 文章主要说明了人们在现代工业社会中的阶级、权力以及社会地位。
1．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?
A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.
B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.
C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.
D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.
答案 B [细节理解题。由文章第二段第三句中“...46% the middle class...”可知，B项正确。文中并未说出middle class的清晰定义，所以A、C、D三项的表述都是不恰当的。]
2．According to the text，we know that ________.
A．power and class do not always correspond with each other
B．status refers to a person's economic position in society
C．people with high status have a lot of control over others
D．class is less important in deciding a person's social rank
答案 A [推理判断题。由文章第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.”可知，A项正确。A项correspond with意为“与……相符合”；B项status的定义在最后一段第一句；C项从最后一段最后一句可知是错误的；D项在文中找不到依据。]
3．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
(P：Paragraph)
答案 A [文章结构题。文章第一段总述三者对一个人社会等级的影响，然后依次分述class，power和status三个因素。文章是总分式。故选择A项。]
B
体裁：
议论文 话题：
儿童教育 词数：333 难度：
★★★ 建议用时：
8分钟
Kids can be taught valuable lessons on nature from the time they are old enough to observe their surroundings.With the help of a parent, grandparent or caregiver, a small child can learn to explore parks, wooded areas and gardens.Parents and caregivers should take every available opportunity to introduce them to plant life, beneficial insects, wildlife and more.These types of lessons are important.
One of the best ways to explore nature with a small child is on their level.Look for wildflowers, and point out their beautiful colors and patterns.Even a very small child can learn to recognize wildflowers.However, it is also important to teach a small child the importance of leaving nature untouched for others to enjoy.Leaving wildflowers alone will allow them to spread and continue their life cycle.They look beautiful in a vase, but they are even more lovely in their natural habitat.
The world in between blades (叶片) of grass and under the leaves of flowers is seldom seen by human beings.When looking for ways to explore nature with a small child, take the time to get down on the ground and look for insects including ants, fireflies, ladybugs, earthworms and caterpillars.A child should be taught that living beings are not toys.They have feelings and needs.A small child should be taught that life is valuable to every living creature.Kids that are taught to respect nature will grow to be more caring adults.
Plant life is also an important part of our environment, and it is fun to explore with a child of any age.Plant some vegetables or flower seeds when seeking additional ways to explore nature with a small child.If space is lacking, start a small container garden.Fill a pot with rich organic soil, and have the child help plant the seeds and care for the seedlings (幼苗) as they grow.Not only is it fun and educational, but it is also a great bonding experience and a way to positively influence a small and impressionable child.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了如何帮助孩子观察自然，了解自然，使他们长大后成为有责任心和同情心的人。
4．A kid should be taught valuable lessons on nature when ________.
A．he shows interest in plants
B．he is old enough to go to school
C．he is able to walk
D．he can observe things
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段Kids can be taught valuable lessons on nature from the time they are old enough to observe their surroundings可知，答案为D。]
5．When the kids are watching wild flowers, the author stresses the importance of________.
A．teaching them how to grow them
B．telling them to protect them
C．telling them the patterns and colors
D．teaching them how to recognize them
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段However, it is also important to teach a small child the importance of leaving nature untouched for others to enjoy可推断，答案为B。]
6．Kids should be taught to respect nature in order to ________________________________________________________________________.
A．let them be more caring after growing up
B．let them know that life is hard for everyone
C．help them gain more knowledge and love science
D．tell them the right way of watching the world
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段Kids that are taught to respect nature will grow to be more caring adults可知，答案为A。]
7．In Paragraph 3, the author mainly tells us to________.
A．stop children from playing with insects
B．protect all the insects that we discover
C．show a child the world that they rarely see
D．let a kid know insects are beneficial to us
答案 C [主旨大意题。根据第三段The world in between blades of grass and under the leaves of flowers is seldom seen by human beings和下文可知，本段主要告诉我们要让孩子观察另一个人们不太注意的世界，故答案为C。]
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是某高三学生李华，最近你顺利地考入了理想中的大学——北京大学。请根据以下要点，用英文给高中的英语老师黄老师写一封信。
1．告诉他你的喜讯；
2．感谢黄老师在高中期间给你的帮助；
3．对黄老师的评价；
4．谈谈你上大学以后的打算。
注意：1.词数100左右(书信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr Huang，
How are you doing?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Mr_Huang，
How_are_you_doing？I'm now so excited to tell you that I've been admitted into my ideal university—Peking University.Here I would like to say thanks to you for helping me with my English during the past several years.Without your help, I wouldn't have been successful.You are one of the best teachers I have ever met.Kind and knowledgeable, you always have a way to make your classes lively and interesting.And I will never forget the happy time spent with you, as well as your encouragement.Dear Mr Huang, I will make every effort to enrich my knowledge and improve my abilities at university so that I can serve our country better in the future.
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua