2017届高考英语语法集训：2 时态和语态

　　语法集训过关(二)

　　时态和语态

　　1. (2017·烟台模拟)Miss White teaches English in a college but she usually　in her sister’s hotel during summer vacation.

　　A. has worked B. works

　　C. is working

　　D. worked

　　2. (2017·皖南八校二联)Your composition　beautifully. Is it the one I saw you write yesterday?

　　A. is read B. was read

　　C. reads

　　D. read

　　3. (2017·邢台模拟)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he　from the university next year.

　　A. will graduate

　　B. will have graduated

　　C. graduates

　　D. is to graduate

　　4. John　me to the opera tonight. He is to pick me up at my house at 5: 00 p. m. .

　　A. takes B. has taken

　　C. would take

　　D. is taking

　　5. (2017·临沂模拟)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?

　　—We　busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.

　　A. were B. have been

　　C. had been

　　D. will be

　　6. (2017·西安模拟)The student said there were a few points in the essay heimpossible to understand.

　　A. had found

　　B. finds

　　C. has found

　　D. would find

　　7. (2017·蚌埠模拟)For eight great years, Quick　as a flight attendant, a job she had dreamed about since childhood.

　　A. has worked B. has been working

　　C. had worked

　　D. worked

　　8. (2017·南昌模拟)—I wonder what makes you a successful manager.

　　—I　as a waiter for five years, which contributes a lot to my today’s work.

　　A. serve B. have served

　　C. had served

　　D. served

　　9. —George, are you listening to me?

　　—Sorry, sir. I　of what I could do to improve my English.

　　A. have thought B. am thinking

　　C. thought

　　D. was thinking

　　10. (2017·重庆模拟)—Hey, who　my iPhone? I put it here just now.

　　—I don’t know.

　　A. has taken B. takes

　　C. was taking

　　D. had taken

　　11. (2017·兰州模拟)—This is the first time Imy first picture with my own hands.

　　—It is time that youa picture for me.

　　A. took; will take B. took; took

　　C. have taken; took

　　D. will take; have taken

　　12. (2017·天津模拟)In addition to the farming they　since the 1990s, the Smiths have started a small business.

　　A. have done B. had been done

　　C. were doing

　　D. have been doing

　　13. (2017·宁波模拟)Every morning they meet in the same café. They　there for years.

　　A. have gone B. are going

　　C. go

　　D. have been going

　　14. Mary　to study abroad, but she hasn’t made up her mind yet.

　　A. has considered B. considered

　　C. had considered

　　D. has been considering

　　15. While you are enjoying yourself at the party tomorrow, I　my mother in the supermarket.

　　A. am helping B. shall help

　　C. will be helping

　　D. would help

　　16. Tom will not be in Beijing next Wednesday. He　in Xi’an.

　　A. travels B. has traveled

　　C. is traveling

　　D. will be traveling

　　17. I　you the message but unfortunately my computer was infected by computer viruses.

　　A. was going to email B. will email

　　C. would email

　　D. emailed

　　18. We all felt surprised when she said sheup the good job.

　　A. would give B. gave

　　C. will give

　　D. has given

　　19. She　teachers for help whenever she had problems in study.

　　A. would ask B. was asking

　　C. had asked

　　D. will ask

　　20. (2017·温岭中学模拟)My train arrives in Beijing at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there　by then.

　　A. has left B. will have left

　　C. will leave

　　D. had left

　　21. —Have you posted the letter for me on your way home, Helen?

　　—Sorry, I have forgotten. I　it this afternoon.

　　A. am going to post B. am to post

　　C. have posted

　　D. will post

　　22. (2017·宜宾五校模拟)In the past few centuries, the lighthouses along North Carolina’s coast　as signs of safety for travelers at sea.

　　A. were recognized B. have recognized

　　C. recognized

　　D. have been recognized

　　23. The 2017 FIFA World Cup will be held in Brazil on June 13th, 2017, and 32 football teams　so far.

　　A. will choose B. have chosen

　　C. have been chosen

　　D. will be chosen

　　24. When we arrived, the meeting　. As a result, we were told to wait outside.

　　A. was holding B. was held

　　C. held

　　D. was being held

　　25. (原创)It is reported that many a company of production of high pollution　down at present because of the heavy haze(雾霾)in China.

　　A. are being closed B. were being closed

　　C. was being closed

　　D. is being closed

　　Ⅱ. 阅读理解

　　(2017·南京模拟)

　　Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he’s the first American President to have one.

　　That’s because the term “sense of humor” really wasn’t in common usage until the eighteen sixties and seventies. In the eighteen forties and fifties, it was called “the sense of the ridiculous”, and didn’t have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that “sense of humor” has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well.

　　Lincoln’s humor was very different because, for one thing, it was actually “humor” as what the word meant in his time. We don’t make the distinction between “wit(风趣)”and “humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It’s the difference we note now when we distinguish between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. Lincoln was much more about “laughing with” than “laughing at”. And when “laughing at”, it was often himself he was teasing.

　　In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debate, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be showing you this one? ”And, in a way, Lincoln’s face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.

　　You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln’s time and not find a single smile.

　　True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty.

　　Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers, has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate commented that “I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness for which he was even then notorious and so remained during his great public career, he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes, and stories. ”

　　1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that　.

　　A. the American President could influence the use of English

　　B. the term “sense of humor” wasn’t invented until the 1860s

　　C. what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else

　　D. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time

　　2. The underlined words “this one” in Paragraph 4 refer to　.

　　A. Lincoln’s unattractive face

　　B. Lincoln’s sense of humor

　　C. the debate they were having

　　D. cruelty that went with funniness

　　3. We rarely see people from Lincoln’s time wear a smile in their photos because　.

　　A. being humorous was considered inappropriate

　　B. they found it quite funny to smile before the camera

　　C. not smiling for photographs was the fashion

　　D. photography technology then was not advanced

　　4. What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate?

　　A. His comment accurately reflected his time.

　　B. He created a false picture of Lincoln.

　　C. He was prejudiced and self-centered.

　　D. He was brave to point out Lincoln’s weakness.

　　Ⅲ. 书面表达

　　假如你是李华, 你的英国笔友Bill来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾天气, 情况如何。请按下面的提示写一封电子邮件。

　　1. 感谢他的关心。

　　2. 介绍情况:

　　(1)去年冬天以来已发生数次雾霾天气;

　　(2)人们已认识到雾霾天气的危害, 正采取各种举措减少其发生;

　　(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么。

　　注意: 词数150个左右。(开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数)

　　参考词汇: 雾霾haze

　　Dear Bill,

　　I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. ___________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着

　　阅读理解——如何做词义猜测题中的指代题?

　　根据上下文判断代词的指代是阅读理解题中经常考查的, 此时上文或下文会出现其定义、解释或描述, 这就是判断该单词或短语意义的主要依据。根据文中出现的因果词语(because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, so/such . . . that等)、前后对比的词(but, however, not . . . but, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary, although, while, yet, unlike, instead of等)、同义解释的词语(that is, in other words, or, namely, that means等), 更容易猜测所给词语的意思。高考中大部分猜测都要通过该手段。

　　在本篇阅读理解中作者考查了第四段中的this one的指代。此题根据上文中可知此处的this one指“”。

　　Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】选B。根据teaches可知“怀特小姐平时在大学教英语”, 所以第二个空也用一般现在时, 表示“她暑假时通常在她妹妹的宾馆上班”。

　　2.【解析】选C。及物动词read后跟副词, 如beautifully, easily等时, 常用主动表示被动, 同时根据题中的语境可知应用一般现在时。

　　【误区警示】本题易误选A项。按照常规read的逻辑宾语是your composition, 但是当部分及物动词后跟easily, well, beautifully等副词时, 常用主动表示被动, 这类动词有read, wash, close, open, write等。

　　3. 【解析】选C。主句用了将来完成时, 所以by the time从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

　　4. 【解析】选D。根据is to pick me up(将接我)可知此处用将来时态; take可用现在进行时表示将来意义。

　　5.【解析】选C。考查时态。句意: ——彼得, 你们这些家伙在哪里过的暑假? ——我们工作忙了几个月, 所以就到海边放松了一下。根据上下文可知“忙于工作”发生在动作“到海边”之前, 所以用过去完成时。故选择C项。

　　6. 【解析】选A。said和were都是一般过去时, 所以“他发现”这一动作发生在“说”之前, 由于“说”用了一般过去时, 所以“发现”要用过去完成时。

　　【加固训练】

　　We were very excited because our favourite football team　the important match.

　　A. won B. had won

　　C. has won

　　D. was winning

　　【解析】选B。考查时态。很明显“赢得比赛”发生在were very excited之前, 故用“过去的过去”, 即过去完成时。

　　7.【解析】选D。根据had dreamed可知Quick当空中乘务员发生在“梦想”之后, 因为定语从句中用了过去完成时, 故此空要用一般过去时。

　　8. 【解析】选D。根据语境, 现在是成功的经理, 所以做过五年服务员发生在过去, 故此空用一般过去时。

　　9. 【解析】选D。考查动词时态。根据Sorry, sir. 可知George刚才并没有听对方讲话, 即刚才对方在讲话时, George正在考虑怎么做才能提高英语, 故此空用过去进行时。

　　10. 【解析】选A。根据语境可知“我刚才把我的iPhone放在这儿, 但现在不在这儿了”, 故此空用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在产生的影响。

　　11. 【解析】选C。This is the first time后从句中必须用现在完成时。而It is time that后从句中要使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词既可用动词过去式, 也可用“should+动词原形”。

　　12. 【解析】选D。该句主句用了现在完成时(have started), 可以推知此空表示“他们从20世纪90年代从事农业一直到现在”, 故此空用现在完成进行时。

　　13. 【解析】选D。他们每天早晨都在同一个咖啡馆相见, 说明几年来他们一直都去那儿, 故此空用现在完成进行时。

　　14. 【解析】选D。根据hasn’t made可知“玛丽一直考虑要去国外学习”, 只不过现在还没有决定是否去。故此空要用现在完成进行时。

　　【加固训练】

　　—Did you find the missing traveler yesterday?

　　—No, but we　to get in touch with him ever since.

　　A. have tried

　　B. have been trying

　　C. had tried

　　D. had been trying

　　【解析】选B。考查动词时态。根据since可知应用完成时态, 答案在A、B中选择。再根据上句语境, 应指“从昨天以来, 我们一直试图与他取得联系。”故此空要用现在完成进行时, 强调动作的持续性。

　　15. 【解析】选C。句意: 当你们明天在聚会上玩得开心时, 我将正在超市里帮助妈妈做事。根据tomorrow可知此空用将来时, 再根据While you are enjoying可知此空用将来进行时。

　　16. 【解析】选D。根据next Wednesday可知此空也填将来时态, 故D项正确, 表示“汤姆下周三将正在西安旅游”。

　　17. 【解析】选A。根据语境, 此处指“我本来打算给你发信息的, 但不幸的是, 我的电脑感染上了电脑病毒。”C项若改为would have emailed则正确。

　　18. 【解析】选A。句意: 当她说她将放弃这份好工作时我们大家都感到惊讶。根据felt surprised, said可知此空也与过去时间有关, 故排除C、D项。再根据语境, 可知A项正确。B项若改为had given也正确, 表示“过去已经放弃了这份好工作”。

　　19. 【解析】选A。句意: 她无论何时在学习上有问题都会向老师请求帮助。A项中的would表示“过去常常”。

　　20. 【解析】选B。by引导的短语作时间状语时, 主句常用完成时。此处指将来, 故此空用将来完成时。

　　21. 【解析】选D。根据“我忘记了”可知“我今天下午将邮寄它”是临时决定, 故D项正确。

　　22. 【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意: 过去的几个世纪, 沿着北卡罗来纳州海岸的灯塔是海上旅行者们公认的安全标志。recognize和the lighthouses是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用被动语态。根据时间状语“In the past few centuries”可知, 此处应用现在完成时。

　　23. 【解析】选C。句意: 2017国际足联世界杯于6月13日在巴西举行, 32个足球队到现在被选出来了。根据so far可知这个短语与现在完成时连用, 又因为football teams与choose之间是被动关系, 故选C。

　　【加固训练】

　　He will give us a talk on how to improve our English, but when and where　yet.

　　A. hasn’t decided

　　B. hasn’t been decided

　　C. isn’t being decided

　　D. will decide

　　【解析】选B。首先根据语境可知此空要使用被动语态, 然后再根据yet可知B项正确, 指“报告何时何地举行到目前还没有定下来”, C项改成isn’t decided也正确。

　　24. 【解析】选D。考查动词时态和语态。根据the meeting和hold之间是逻辑上的被动关系, 可知此空用被动语态, 故在B、D中进行选择。再根据从句是When we arrived(当我们到达时), 可知主句用过去进行时, 即“当我们到达时, 会议正在进行”。

　　25. 【解析】选D。考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意: 据报道目前许多高污染的企业由于严重的雾霾而正在被关停。根据句意可知本句应用现在进行时的被动语态。many a加单数可数名词作主语时, 谓语一般用单数, 故选D。

　　Ⅱ. 【文章大意】说起第16任美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯, 很多人会立即想起他对解放黑奴和维护美利坚联邦完整所做出的巨大贡献, 想起他能言善辩的口才和妙语连珠的演讲, 但却很少有人知道, 林肯的“幽默感”也开创了一个新时代。

　　1. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据该段中“didn’t have the positive connotations that ‘sense of humor’ has today(没有今天幽默感所具有的积极的隐含意义)”和“Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule. (在当时, 好笑的事就是招致讥笑的事。)”可知C项正确。

　　2. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。在林肯与道格拉斯的辩论中, 道格拉斯批评林肯是两面派, 而林肯提到自己相貌平平(his plain looking), 接着指出“如果我是两面派, 我还会向你展现我相貌平平的一面吗”。这说明林肯很幽默。

　　3. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。从原文倒数第二段可知“当时摄影时, 照片曝光时间比较长, 这使得拍照时, 人们很难保持微笑”。

　　4. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。报道林肯与道格拉斯的辩论的记者所说的话准确地反映了当时那个时代。

　　Ⅲ. 【参考范文】

　　Dear Bill,

　　I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I’d like to tell you something about the haze weather.

　　Since the winter last year, the

　　haze weather has occurred a lot of times. It has done great harm to our daily life.

　　People have realized the great harm caused by the

　　haze weather. They are taking measures to reduce the happening of haze weather. The government suggests that people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees.

　　As far as I am concerned, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. In addition, I will tell the people it’s our duty to protect the environment. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【技法导练】

　　referencing his plain looking; Lincoln’s unattractive face”。