情态动词和虚拟语气
(共3组，每组限时8分钟)
1．(2017·成都一诊)Parents are doing all they ________ to help their children achieve their ambitions.
A．shall B．can
C．may
D．need
解析：选B 考查情态动词。句意：父母们在做他们力所能及的事来帮助他们的孩子实现他们的夙愿。完整形式为“Parents are doing all they can do to help their children achieve their ambitions.”其中they can do是定语从句，修饰先行词all; to help
their children achieve their ambitions是目的状语。由于主句中出现了实义动词doing，所以省略了从句中的do。故答案为B。
2．(2017·江西六所重点高中一模)We ________ take clean drinking water for granted. One day we may run out of it.
A．needn't
B．can't
C．won't
D．shouldn't
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：我们不应该把拥有洁净的饮用水看作是理所当然的。也许有一天，我们会用完它。shouldn't“不应该”，符合句意。
3．(2017·皖南八校一模)I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence ________ such an easy test.
A．might have failed
B．could have failed
C．should have failed
D．must have failed
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：我感到非常吃惊，像他那种智力的人竟然没有通过这么简单的测试。should表“竟然”，有出人意料的意思。
4．(2017·济南一模)—Can you keep the secret?
—You ________ worry —
I'm not going to mention it to
anyone.
A．needn't
B．couldn't
C．mustn't
D．won't
解析：选A 考查情态动词。句意：“你能保守这个秘密吗？”“你不必担心，我不会向任何人提及它的。”根据句意可知应选needn't，表示“不必”。
5．(2017·银川高三一模)—Where is the post office?
—It's just over there, at the end of the street. You ________
not miss it.
A．can
B．must
C．may
D．should
解析：选A 考查情态动词。句意：“邮局在哪里？”“就在那边，街道的尽头。你不会错过的。”can not“不会”；must not“禁止”；may not“可能不”；should not“不应该”。根据句意应选A。
6．(2017·山西省太原市统一检测)—David, the windows of the room are very dirty. ________ I clean them before we move in?
—Of course.
A．Will
B．Would
C．Shall
D．Do
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：“David，这个房间的窗户很脏。在我们搬进来之前我可以擦洗一下吗？”“当然可以。”shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示请求或征求对方意见。
7．(2017·江西鹰潭一中高三一模)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
A．need have done
B．must have done
C．can have done
D．might have done
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：太可惜了！就他的能力和经验而言，他本可以做得更好。根据句意可知，此处应用might have done“本可以……”。can have done通常只用于否定句和疑问句。
8．(2017·厦门第一次适应性考试)When my father is upset, he would rather ________.
A．leave alone
B．we left him alone
C．left alone
D．we leave him alone
解析：选B 考查虚拟语气。句意：当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他更喜欢我们不打扰他。would rather后接宾语从句时，从句谓语常用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。故B项正确。
9．(2017·齐鲁名校一模)To make the most of your time, live every moment as if it________ your last.
A．is
B．would be
C．were
D．has been
解析：选C 考查虚拟语气。句意：要充分利用时间，把每一刻都当作生命的最后一刻来生活。此处是与现在事实相反的一种虚拟，故用were，答案为C。
10．(2017·吉林长春一模)—Please don't tell anybody.
—I ________. I promise.
A．can't
B．don't
C．won't
D．mustn't
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：“请不要告诉任何人。”“我不会的，我保证。”can't“不可能，不能够”；don't助动词，表示否定；won't“不会的”，是will not的缩写；mustn't表示禁止。根据句意应选C项。
11．(2017·保定唐县一中高三一模)—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?
—No, you ________， because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.
A．don't have to
B．shouldn't
C．can't
D．mustn't
解析：选A 句意：“当我阅读时遇到生词是不是每个都要查词典？”“不，你不必，因为你可以根据上下文猜测单词的意思。”don't have to表示“没有必要做”，符合语境。
12．(2017·辽宁五校一模)The little child
________ go out alone at night, so he ________
walk in the dark that night.
A．doesn't dare to; dared not to B．daren't to; didn't dare to
C．daren't; dared notD．doesn't dare to; dare not
解析：选C 考查dare的用法。句意：那个小孩晚上不敢独自外出，所以那晚他不敢在黑暗中行走。dare既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，作实义动词时，一般用dare to do sth.，在否定句和疑问句中to可省略，作情态动词时，后接动词原形。分析各个选项可排除A、B两项，再根据句中的that night可知，第二空应用一般过去时，排除D项。
13．(2017·济南一模)They advocate the proposal we were opposed ________ rediscussed at the next meeting.
A．to be
B．should be
C．to was
D．was
解析：选A 考查固定短语和虚拟语气。句意：他们主张我们反对的那个提议应该在下次会议上重新讨论。be opposed to sth.为固定短语，由此可知此处首先需要补充完整，故排除B、D两项；再分析句子成分可知，advocate后的从句为宾语从句，需要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，故A项正确。
14．(2017·江西十所重点中学第一次联考)What's your opinion of Mr Li's request that we ________ spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?
A．must
B．would
C．should
D．could
解析：选C 考查虚拟语气。request后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即用“(should＋)动词原形”，表示要求。
15．(2017·陕西西北工大附中一模) ________ a little earlier, you could have got a copy of his latest book.
A．If you would arrive
B．If you arrived
C．Should you arrive
D．Had you arrived
解析：选D 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你早到一会儿，你就会得到他的最新的一本书。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，省略if, had提前构成倒装。
1．(2017·四川省六校二模)Jack is an outgoing child, usually kind and helpful, but he ________ lose temper sometimes.
A．must
B．would
C．can
D．should
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：杰克是个外向的孩子，平时很善良且乐于助人，但有时他也可能会发脾气。此处需要一个表示可能性的情态动词，只有can符合句意。
2．(2017·成都第二次诊断)—Where did you get this book?
—I picked it up from a secondhand bookshop if you ________
know.
A．must
B．will
C．can
D．shall
解析：选A 考查情态动词。if you must (do sth.)表示“如果你一定要(那么做)”，所以选A，表示“如果你一定要知道的话”。
3．(2017·四川省都江堰市二模)—Mike, I can't find my watch anywhere.
—You ________ it while working out.
A．may have lost
B．could have lost
C．would have lost
D．should have lost
解析：选A 考查情态动词。句意：“Mike，我哪儿也找不到我的手表。”“你有可能在锻炼身体时丢了。”may have done表示对已经发生的事情的推测，相当于“可能，大概”，符合语境。
4．(2017·江苏南通市二模)We ________ have hurried all the way to the airport — the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.
A．mustn't
B．couldn't
C．needn't
D．wouldn't
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：我们本不必一路上都着急去机场的——航班因为大雾天气被取消了。needn't have done表示“本不必做却做了”，符合句意。
5．(2017·江西九江二模)If you won't do as I tell you, you ________ get the chance to be promoted because the competition is just too fierce.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．shouldn't
D．shan't
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：如果你不照我说的做，你就得不到晋升的机会，因为竞争太激烈了。shall用于第二、三人称可表示说话人给对方的警告，符合句意。
6．(2017·合肥第二次质检)Martin hasn't been in touch with me for ages. He
________ my new cellphone number.
A．needn't get
B．mustn't get
C．can't get
D．shouldn't have got
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：马丁已经很长时间不和我联系了。他不可能有我的新手机号码。can表示猜测，往往用于否定句或疑问句，故选C。
7．(2017·合肥一中二模)The school recommends parents ________ their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.
A．not permit
B．do not permit
C．mustn't permit
D．couldn't permit
解析：选A recommend在此意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中，should可以省略。
8．(2017·福建三明二模)—Look at the full moon. How beautiful it is!
—How I wish I ________ on it some day!
A．were
B．am
C．would be
D．will be
解析：选C 考查虚拟语气。句意：“看那圆圆的月亮。它多美呀！”“我多么希望将来有一天能在月亮上面呀！”wish后面的宾语从句表达的是将来不可能实现的愿望，故用虚拟语气。结合语境可知，此处是对将来事件的虚拟，故选C。
9．(2017·四川省南充市二模) ________ him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake.
A．If I persuaded
B．Did I persuade
C．Had I persuaded
D．If I should persuade
解析：选C 考查倒装、省略和虚拟语气。根据“wouldn't have made”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句用if引导且用过去完成时；省略if并将had提前就构成了省略if的虚拟条件句，且构成了倒装结构。
10．(2017·辽宁五校二模)—Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes?
—Sorry, dear, it's time you ________ to bed.
A．went
B．go
C．will go
D．must go
解析：选A 考查虚拟语气。在It's (high) time that ...句型中，从句的谓语通常用一般过去式或“should＋动词原形”(should不可省略)，故A项正确。
11．(2017·长沙二模)—The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging
and demanding.Who do you think can do the job?
—________ my students have a try?
A．May
B．Must
C．Will
D．Shall
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：“新的流感疫苗的研究是具有挑战性而且要求很高的。你认为谁能做这个工作？”“我的学生可以试试吗？”情态动词shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句时，表示请求。
12．(2017·浙江金华二模)A survey has shown that 40% of those killed in traffic accidents ________ if they had been wearing seat belts.
A．should have been saved
B．must have been saved
C．need have been saved
D．could have been saved
解析：选D 句意：一项调查表明，在交通事故中丧生的人，如果当时一直系着安全带，那么他们中40%的人有可能不会丧命。根据“if they had been wearing”可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语的形式应为“would/could/might/should＋have done”，排除B、C两项，根据句意应表示“可能”而不是“应该”，故选D。
13．(2017·安徽安庆二模)—She looks very happy. She ________ have passed the exam.
—I
guess so. It's not difficult after all.
A．should
B．must
C．could
D．might
解析：选B 考查情态动词。句意：“她看上去很开心。她一定是通过了考试。”“我想是吧。毕竟考试不难。”四个备选项都可以用来表示推测，must语气最强，然后是should, could, might语气最弱。根据语境，说话人推测她通过考试是有一定的理由的，即她看起来很开心，因此推测时很有把握，故用must。
14．(2017·青岛二模)John ________ yet, or he would have telephoned me.
A．mustn't have arrived
B．shouldn't have arrived
C．needn't
have arrived
D．can't have arrived
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：约翰不可能已经到了，否则他早就给我打电话了。没有mustn't have done形式；shouldn't have done“过去本不该做某事，却做了”；needn't have done “过去不必做某事，却做了”；can't have done“过去不可能做了某事”。
15．(2017·东北三校二模)—In case anyone ________ come in my absence, tell him I will be back soon.
—Sure, I will.
A．would
B．should
C．will
D．shall
解析：选B 考查情态动词。 句意：“我离开期间万一有人来找我，告诉他我很快就回来。”“我一定会的。”根据句意可知，此处应用should，表示可能，意为“假如，万一”。
1．—Is Nick coming by train?
—He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.
A．must
B．may
C．can
D．need
解析：选B 考查情态动词。句意：“尼克乘火车来吗？”“他应该是乘火车的，但也不一定。因为他喜欢开车。”may not“可能不”。
2．—Hey! Any idea about learning abroad?
—You ________ google the College Board to learn the names of colleges you ________ be interested in.
A．may; need
B．can; might
C．will; should
D．shall; must
解析：选B 句意：“嘿！关于出国留学你有什么看法？”“你可以上谷歌搜索一下College Board来了解你感兴趣的大学的名字。”第一空，表示提议，从理论上具有可能性，应用can“可以”。第二空，表示可能，应用might“可能”。
3．The Internet plays an important role in our life. Without the
Internet, life ________ quite different nowadays.
A．would be
B．will be
C．is
D．was
解析：选A 考查虚拟语气。句意：因特网在我们的生活中发挥了重要的作用。如果没有因特网的话，今天的生活就是另一番景象了。Without the Internet相当于一个非真实条件状语从句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故答案为A。
4．—Is the letter from your mother?
—Yes. But she ________ the letter herself, because she doesn't even know one word.
A．needn't have written
B．can't have written
C．might not have writtenD．should not have written
解析：选B 考查情态动词。句意：“这封信是你母亲来的吧？”“是的。但这封信不可能是她自己写的，因为她一个字也不认识。”根据because引导的原因状语从句可知，此处应用can't have done表示对过去发生的事很有把握的否定推测。
5．The public transportation is very convenient in that big city, so there ________ be any difficulty in traveling around.
A．mustn't
B．wouldn't
C．shouldn't
D．needn't
解析：选C 考查情态动词。句意：那个大城市的公共交通很便利，所以旅行应该不会有什么困难。shouldn't表示推测，意为“不应该”，把握较大。mustn't表示禁止。
6．The family ________ on time, but their car had a flat tyre on the halfway.
A．would arrive
B．could arrive
C．must have arrived
D．could have arrived
解析：选D 考查虚拟语气。句意：这一家人本可以按时到达的，不料半路上他们的轮胎漏气了。根据句意可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故谓语动词用could/would/should/might have done，故选D。
7．—It's no easy task to catch a ticket on a website that receives 1 billion clicks daily.
—I can't agree with you more. There ________ be errors for every single step.
A．should
B．must
C．can
D．will
解析：选C 考查情态动词表示推测。句意：“在每天被点击十亿次的网站上抢到一张票不是容易的事。”“我非常同意你的说法。每一步都有可能出错。”can用于肯定句表示理论上的可能，即用来说明主语的特征。
8．With all his money, he ________ worry about a little thing like 5 cents!
A．can
B．must
C．may
D．should
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：他有那么多钱，竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！should表示惊讶，意为“竟然”，故选D项。
9．________ we go to the McDonald's? I'm sick of the food there.
A．Need
B．Can
C．Shall
D．Must
解析：选D 考查情态动词。句意：我们必须去麦当劳吗？那里的食物我吃腻了。can和shall与we连用，用于一般疑问句表示建议，或请求对方的允许，很显然不合本句要求。must“必须，偏要”；need“需要”；本句说话者表示不想去麦当劳，故选D。
10．Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You ________ have fixed full attention on it.
A．can
B．should
C．need
D．might
解析：选B 考查情态动词。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构，故选B。
11．According to the rules and regulations, all payments ________ be made in cash in the shopping center.
A．shall
B．can
C．must
D．should
解析：选A 考查情态动词。句意：按照规章制度，在购物中心购物必须用现金付款。shall用于第二、三人称时，可表示命令，意为“必须”，符合题意。
12．I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A．had come
B．was coming
C．would come
D．would have come
解析：选D 考查虚拟语气。句意：我本来可以早来，但是我不知道他们在等我。换句话说，如果我知道他们在等我，我就会早来。此处虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
13．But for the help of the kind policeman, we ________ our way to the hotel in this foreign city.
A．wouldn't find
B．wouldn't have found
C．would find
D．would have found
解析：选B 句意：要不是有那位好心警察的帮助，在这座陌生城市我们就找不到通往这家旅馆的路了。此处为but for引导的含蓄条件句，由句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语应用“would/should/could/might＋have done”结构，另外结合语意可知应用否定式，故选B。
14．His pale face suggested he ________ angry and I suggested that he ________ at once.
A．should be; should leave
B．was; left
C．was; leave
D．be; left
解析：选C 考查虚拟语气。句意：他的苍白的脸色表明他很生气，我建议他马上离开。第一空suggest表示“暗示，表明”不用虚拟语气，按照时态一致的原则用一般过去时；第二空suggest表示“建议”，后跟虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
15．________ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.
A．Hadn't it been
B．Had it not been
C．Was it not
D．Were it not
解析：选B 句意：要不是她摔断了腿，她可能就通过考试了。根据题干中的broke, might have passed可推知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，if从句谓语动词应为“had＋过去分词”，故排除C、D两项；如果虚拟语气的if从句为否定句，省略if时，只需将助动词、were或情态动词提前构成倒装，而否定词not需保持在主语之后，故排除A项。