名词、冠词和代词(共3组，每组限时8分钟)
1．(2017·四川省六校第一次联合诊断)Both sides are determined to get what they want, and there seems to be no possibility of ________.
A．competence B．composition
C．competition
D．compromise
解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：双方都决意得到他们想要的东西，似乎没有妥协的可能。competence“能力；胜任；本领”；composition“成分；作品”；competition“竞争”；compromise“妥协；折衷”。
2．(2017·江西景德镇市一模)This online game has been intended to improve children's ________.
A．intelligence
B．reputation
C．responsibility
D．impression
解析：选A 考查名词辨析。句意：这个网络游戏是为了提高孩子们的智力。intelligence“智力”，符合句意。reputation“名誉”；responsibility“责任”；impression“印象”。
3．(2017·山东青岛一模)I was told that ________ 10：20 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________ Fudan University.
A．the; /
B．the; a
C．a; the
D．/; the
解析：选A 考查冠词。句意：有人告诉我说10：20的航班会带我们去上海并及时到达复旦大学。“10：20的航班”是特指，故第一个空填the；复旦大学是专有名词，故第二个空不填冠词。
4．(2017·江西重点中学高三一模)As ________ rule, parttime workers such as babysitters or English tutors are paid by ________ hour.
A．the; an
B．a; an
C．a; the
D．the; /
解析：选C 考查冠词。第一个空泛指“某一个规则”，用不定冠词a；by the hour是固定用法，表示“按小时”。
5．(2017·重庆江北区一模)I've always wanted an iPhone and I've just saved enough
money to buy ________.
A．it
B．this
C．that
D．one
解析：选D 考查代词。句意：我一直想要一部iPhone手机，而且我刚刚攒够了钱要去买一个。one常用来指代上文提到的同类事物中的“一个”，表示泛指。故选D。
6．(2017·安徽马鞍山两校第一次联考)—Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?
—Sure. I like ________ when people are open and direct.
A．that
B．this
C．it
D．them
解析：选C 考查it的特殊用法。I like it when ...是固定句式，表示“我喜欢……”，此处it无实义。
7．(2017·陕西宝鸡市一模)—Would you like to go shopping with me on
Saturday or
Sunday?
—I'm sorry. ________ will suit me. I'll be away on business
during that period.
A．Both
B．None
C．Either
D．Neither
解析：选D 考查代词。句意：“星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？”“对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。”从I'm sorry可知空处表示否定意义，且由空后内容可知，此处表示对两者的否定，neither意为“两者都不”，故选D。
8．(2017·太原一模)—Who is standing over there?
—It must be ________ from an express company.
A．everybody
B．somebody
C．nobody
D．anybody
解析：选B 考查不定代词的用法。句意：“谁站在那儿？”“肯定是快递公司的某个人。”在肯定句中，表示不确定的某人要用不定代词somebody。
9．(2017·辽宁大连第一次双基测试)Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a complete new ________ to describing China's rural and folk culture.
A．way
B．approach
C．passage
D．entry
解析：选B 考查名词辨析。句意：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民俗文化。 an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“……的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”；entry意为“进入；进入权；入口处”。
10．(2017·安徽蚌埠第一次质检)Finding information in today's world is easy. The ________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A．knowledge
B．ability
C．competition
D．challenge
解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：当今世界找寻信息很容易，但困难的事是你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。knowledge“知识”；ability“能力”；competition“竞赛”；challenge: a new or difficult task“挑战；艰巨任务”。
11．(2017·东北三校一模)The police managed to gain ________ through an upstairs window.
A．approach
B．way
C．access
D．passage
解析：选C 考查名词辨析。句意：警方设法通过楼上的一扇窗户进入。approach, way, passage都有“道路，通道”的意思，且都为可数名词；access为不可数名词，意为“通道，入径”。空处前没有冠词，四个选项中只有access为不可数名词，故选C。
12．(2017·日照一模)Music is ________
universal language and it is one of ________
ways to learn about another culture.
A．the; the
B．a; /
C．the; /
D．a; the
解析：选D 考查冠词。第一个空应用不定冠词，泛指“一种通用的语言”，universal虽以元音字母开头，但它的发音却并非以元音音素开头，故第一空用a；第二个空后面有动词不定式作后置定语，是特指。
13．(2017·福建三明三校第一次联考)At the meeting the chairman appealed to us to take ______ full advantage of the chance of hosting the coming YOG to create ________ better Nanjing.
A．a; a
B．the; /
C．/; /
D．/; a
解析：选D 考查冠词。take advantage of是固定短语，意为“利用”，故第一空不用冠词；a better Nanjing表示“一个更好的南京”，表示地名的专有名词前面如果有形容词修饰，用不定冠词，表示“一个……”。故选D。
14．(2017·陕西宝鸡高三第一次联考)Jogging every morning is ________ good habit. Stick to it, and you'll make ________ great progress.
A．a; /
B．a; a
C．the; a
D．/; /
解析：选A 考查冠词。句意：每天早上慢跑是个好习惯。坚持下去，你就会取得很大进步。“________ good habit”泛指“一个好习惯”，第一空应用不定冠词a；progress为不可数名词，make progress为固定词组，表示“取得进步”。故A项正确。
15．(2017·四川南充市第一次适应性考试)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is
only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ________.
A．one
B．it
C．some
D．any
解析：选B 考查代词。根据“there is only one of this kind left here”可知，此处表示前面提到的那一条裙子，所以选B。
1．(2017·陕西宝鸡二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brother's ________.
A．behalf
B．part
C．business
D．interest
解析：选A 考查名词辨析。句意：我弟弟没在场，我想代表他向所有相关的人员表示感谢。on sb.'s behalf ＝ on behalf of sb.，为固定短语，意为“代表某人”，符合句意。for sb.'s part“就某人而言”；on business“因公”；in sb.'s interest“为了某人的利益”。
2．(2017·烟台高三二模)It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________.
A．use
B．good
C．difference
D．result
解析：选C 考查名词辨析。句意：这项工作对他来说有点难，他做了各种各样的努力，但没有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影响”，此处的make little difference表示“没有多大作用”，符合题意。
3．(2017·临沂二模)The patient's family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.
A．purpose
B．apologies
C．gratitude
D．sympathy
解析：选C 考查名词辨析。句意：病人家属为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。 purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude“感激；感谢”；sympathy“同情”。
4．(2017·江西六校二模)University is ________ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning, and it is also ________ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.
A．a; a
B．the; /
C．/; a
D．a; the
解析：选A 考查冠词。句意：大学是一段学习和探索的非常有价值的时光，而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空，因为没有明确的范围，故不用最高级，a most意为“很，非常”；experience意为“经历”时是可数名词，在这里是泛指，所以前面需要用不定冠词。
5．(2017·安徽省级示范高中名校二模)As ________ birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi'an is ________ city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.
A．the; a
B．a; a
C．/; a
D．the; /
解析：选A 考查冠词。句意：作为华夏文明的发源地，西安是一座拥有悠久历史和丰富的文化底蕴的城市。birthplace后面有of短语作其后置定语，且“发源地”具有唯一性，故birthplace在本句中表特指，用定冠词the；第二空后的city为可数名词，但“拥有悠久历史和丰富的文化底蕴”的城市并非只有西安，故第二空应该表泛指，需用不定冠词。故选A。
6．(2017·山东日照二模)The teacher praised me for ________ progress I'd made, which was ________ great encouragement to me.
A．the; /
B．the; a
C．/; a
D．/; /
解析：选B 考查冠词。句意：老师因为我取得的进步而表扬我，这对我是一个很大的鼓励。progress后有定语从句修饰，意为“我取得的进步”，为特指；第二空a great encouragement意为“一件很鼓舞人的事情”，此处encouragement为可数名词，故选B。
7．(2017·江西重点中学二模)The cultural background of China is totally different from ________ of the
US.
A．one
B．that
C．these
D．those
解析：选B 考查代词。句意：中国的文化背景与美国的完全不同。that指代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，故此处用that指代The cultural background。
8．(2017·陕西咸阳二模)Listening to music can be very enjoyable, but ________ can be appreciated unless you like it.
A．nothing
B．something
C．everything
D．anything
解析：选A 考查代词。句意：听音乐是一件很惬意的事，但是除非你喜欢它，否则什么也欣赏不到。根据句意可知，答案为A，表示“没有什么”。
9．(2017·辽宁五校协作体二模) I can't say which type of tea tastes better. It's just a(n) ________ of personal preference.
A．affair
B．problem
C．variety
D．matter
解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：我不能说哪种类型的茶口味更好。这只是个人口味的问题。It's just a matter of ...“这只是……的问题”，符合句意。
10．(2017·江苏南京二模)Sometimes it's a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents' expectations and their kids' desires.
A．commitment
B．comprehension
C．cooperation
D．compromise
解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：有时在家长的期望和孩子的愿望之间达成妥协有点困难。commitment“承诺”；comprehension“理解(力)”；cooperation“合作”；compromise“妥协；折衷”。
11．(2017·承德二模)I found that she was unhappy and didn't say ________
word all ________
way home.
A．a; the
B．/; /
C．a; /
D．/; the
解析：选A 考查冠词。句意：我发现她不高兴，回家的路上都没有说一句话。word表示“说的话”时，为可数名词，常和say,
understand, hear等词连用，故第一空用不定冠词a；all the
way home意为“回家的路上”，为固定搭配，故第二空用定冠词the。
12．(2017·福建名校二检)If ________ of you is against the plan, we will carry it out immediately.
A．someone
B．anyone
C．everyone
D．none
解析：选D 考查不定代词。句意：如果你们当中没有人反对这个计划，我们就立即执行。none“没有一个”，符合句意。
13．(2017·山东省胶东示范学校二模)—It's dangerous to take photos of lightning.
—The challenge is not for ________， but I think it's worth
attempting.
A．anybody
B．everybody
C．nobody
D．somebody
解析：选B 考查不定代词。句意：“拍闪电太危险了。”“这个挑战不是针对所有人的，但我觉得值得一试。”everybody“每人，人人”，符合语境。
14．(2017·陕西五校二模)—Will you take these shoes?
—No, they don't fit me. Show me ________.
A．another one
B．any other
C．the other
D．some others
解析：选D 考查代词。根据句意可知，此处应用some others，相当于some other shoes，表示“另外一些鞋子”。
15．(2017·福建龙岩三校二模)—So, which would you take, the green sweater or the blue one, madam?
—________. Can I see some others? I want a pink one.
A．Either
B．Neither
C．None
D．Anyone
解析：选B 考查代词。从“I want a pink one.”可知，这位顾客对售货员介绍的蓝色毛衣和绿色毛衣都不满意，所以用neither，表示“两者都不”。
1．The boss showed his________ of Tom's hard work in the company by raising his pay to $ 5,000 a month.
A．distinction
B．promotion
C．appreciation
D．reservation
解析：选C 考查名词辨析。句意：老板通过将汤姆的月薪提升至5 000美元来表示对他努力工作的赏识。appreciation意为“欣赏，赏识”，符合句意。
2．Much to our surprise, the witness's ________ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.
A．account
B．opinion
C．instruction
D．explanation
解析：选A 考查名词辨析。句意：让我们大吃一惊的是，目击者对这起交通事故的描述在几个方面和官方的版本不同。account“描述”，符合句意。opinion“看法”；instruction“说明”；explanation“解释”。
3．We all sighed with ________ relief when ________ plane finally landed safely.
A．a; /
B．/; the
C．a; a
D．a; the
解析：选B 考查冠词。句意：当飞机最后安全着陆的时候，我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。relief作“轻松；解脱” 讲时，为不可数名词，故第一空不填冠词；“________ plane”特指我们乘坐的飞机，故第二空用定冠词the。
4．—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week?
—He's always finding ________ fault with others.
A．/; a
B．the; a
C．/; /
D．the; /
解析：选C 句意：“你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样？”“他总是找别人的茬。”take office“就职”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，两者均为固定短语，故两个空均不填冠词。
5．—It's said that Tom is a wise manager in your company.
—Oh, no, he is ________
but a wise leader.
A．anything
B．anyone
C．anybody
D．anywhere
解析：选A 考查代词。句意：“听说你们公司的汤姆是个英明的经理。”“ 哦，不是。他一点儿也不英明。”anything but表示“一点儿也不”，符合语境。
6．We are in great need of a more capable manager, ________ with straightforward personality as well as good humor.
A．the one
B．who
C．which
D．one
解析：选D 考查代词。句意：我们急需一名更能干的经理，他要有直率的性格和良好的幽默感。分析句子成分可知，空处不引导从句，故排除B、C两项；而one ＝ a manager, the one ＝ the manager，这里指代的是a more capable manager，故选D。
7．The Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman on Thursday urged Japan to stop making irrespon
sible ________ on the incident in waters off the Diaoyu Islands.
A．comments
B．explanations
C．arguments
D．debates
解析：选A 考查名词辨析。句意：这个外交部女发言人周四敦促日本停止对在钓鱼岛海域所发生的事件的不负责任的评论。make comments on“对……进行评论”，符合句意。
8．—What does PM 2.5 mean?
—It's a professional ________ indicating the condition of air
pollution.
A．term
B．item
C．number
D．mark
解析：选A 考查名词辨析。句意：“PM 2.5是什么意思？”“它是一个表示空气污染状况的专业术语。”term“术语”，符合句意。item“项目”；number“数字”；mark“记号”。
9．One reason for her ________ for city life is that she can have
easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A．reference
B．preference
C．performance
D．consequence
解析：选B 考查名词辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她能很方便地去商店、饭店这样的地方。preference“偏爱，喜爱”，符合句意。reference“参考”；performance“表演，演出”； consequence“后果”。
10．Because of H7N9 bird flu, all the chicken markets in Shanghai have been closed and won't open until further ________.
A．sign
B．symbol
C．contact
D．notice
解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：因为H7N9禽流感，上海所有的活禽市场都被关闭直到另行通知才能开放。sign“迹象；手势”；symbol“象征；符号”；contact“联系”；notice“通知”。根据句意可知，应选D。
7．I have learned that it's taking ________ long time to become ________ person I want to be.
A．the; a
B．a; the
C．the; the
D．/; a
解析：选B 考查冠词。a long time意为“很长一段时间”；“________ person I want to be”特指“我想成为的那种人”，第二空应用定冠词the。
11．________ relation between China and Russia has developed
steadily since Vladimir Putin was reelected ________
president last May.
A．The; the
B．A; the
C．The; /
D．A; /
解析：选C 考查冠词。句意：自从去年5月普京再次当选总统后，中国和俄罗斯之间的关系稳步发展。第一空填定冠词the，特指中国和俄罗斯之间的关系；当表示头衔、职位的名词作表语或宾语补足语时，其前不加冠词。故选C。
12．—________Beijing of 2017 saw its first snowfall in the month of November.
—Oh, it came as ________ surprise to us.
A．The; the
B．The; a
C．/; a
D．/; the
解析：选B 考查冠词。句意：“2017年北京的第一场雪是在11月下的。”“噢，对于我们来说，它是一件令人惊讶的事情。”第一空由后面的2017修饰，表示特指，用定冠词the；第二空后的surprise是抽象名词具体化，表示“一件令人惊讶的事”，是泛指，用不定冠词a。
13．It is not so difficult to learn English well. ________ you need is listening, speaking, reading and writing it every day.
A．Everything
B．All
C．Each
D．Something
解析：选B 考查代词。句意：学好英语并不是那么难。你所要做的是每天听、说、读和写英语。everything“每件事情”；all“全部”；each“每个”；something“某事”。空处为先行词，后面跟的是定语从句，根据后面的“听、说、读和写”可知，这是英语学习的全部。故选B。
14．It makes good sense to buy a large packet because ________ will work out cheaper in the end.
A．it
B．this
C．one
D．they
解析：选A 考查代词。句意：买大盒的是很明智的做法，因为大盒的最终算下来更便宜。此处代词指代前面提到的a large packet，属同一事物，故选it。
15．Since my childhood I have found that ________ is more attractive than reading, which is my favorite.
A．everything
B．nothing
C．something
D．anything
解析：选B 考查不定代词。句意：从小时候起，我就觉得读书是我的最爱，对我来说没有什么比它更有吸引力了。根据句意B项正确。