语法对点讲练六 名词和主谓一致
一、名词
知识点讲解
1．名词的几个注意事项
①有两种复数形式的名词。
people
fish
penny
②只表示复数意义的集体名词。
people人，人们
police警察
cattle牛
③侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词。
class班级
family家庭
team队
public大众
army军队
government政府
④常以复数形式出现的名词。
clothes衣服
glasses眼镜
chopsticks筷子
trousers裤子
goods商品；货物
contents目录
sands沙滩
woods森林；树林
times时代
lines台词
surroundings环境
belongings财产
earnings收入
arms武器
manners礼貌
customs海关；关税
forces军队
papers文件；试卷；论文
⑤of前的名词是picture, photo, portrait, statue等时用of所有格和双重所有格意义有区别。
⑥常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数； man和woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。
sports meeting运动会
sales manager销售经理
men doctors男医生
women teachers女教师
2．高考常考的名词方向
⑦名词在语法填空中会考到名词的数、所有格以及名词的构词法。
⑧短文改错题常考查名词的数和名词所有格。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑧)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2017·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物供应成了越来越担心的事。supply“供给”，符合句意。
2．(2017·江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share
B. chance
C. turn
D. lead
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 share“分享”； chance“机会”； turn“变化；转变”； lead“榜样；带头”，根据题意选C项。
第二组 语法填空
3．(2017·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．
答案 patience 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：无论什么时候我犯错误，老师都耐心地指出来。patience是patient的名词形式，意为“耐心”，与with搭配。
4．— Do you know why Jane was so angry?
— Her roommate gave in to ________ (curious) and opened the letter addressed to her.
答案 curiosity 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：——你知道简为什么那么生气吗？——她的室友抑制不住好奇心，拆开了别人写给她的信。curiosity“好奇心”，符合语境。
5．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ________ (equip) you need for your hiking.
答案 equipment 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包是你徒步旅行需要的基本的装备。equipment“装备；配备”。
二、语法一致
知识点讲解
①主语是可数名词时，谓语动词的数与主语的数相一致。
②and连接两个或以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
③指物的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
④“the number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “a number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑤“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与表计量单位的名词一致。
Five pieces of paper are painted red.
A pair of jeans costs 80 dollars.
⑥many a, more than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
⑦关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
特别提示
⑧“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数。
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
⑨“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用复数。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
⑩主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前名词的数保持一致。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑩)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2017·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2017 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑩__
解析 根据句子的主语the famous musician可排除A、C两项；根据the 2017 Taipei Flower Expo可排除选项D，故答案为B项。
2．(2017·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
答案 __A__ 知识点 __①，⑦__
解析 第一个空主语为living expenses指复数概念，所以第一个空填are；第二个空which指代around $8,450 a year，所以第二个空填is。
第二组 语法填空
3．— Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to the bank account ...
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks.
答案 has_been_cheated 知识点 __⑥__
解析 many a＋单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据语境，强调很多人被骗这一结果，用现在完成时态。
4．The number of foreigners that came to Huaihua ________
(be) still increasing.
答案 is 知识点 __④__
解析 The number of foreigners意思是“外籍人士的数目”，为单数，故谓语动词用is。
5．Is he the only one of the students who ________ (be) here just now?
答案 was 知识点 __⑧__
解析 句意：他是唯一一个刚才在这里的学生吗？先行词为the only one of the students，是单数概念，关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词用单数，根据从句中的时间状语“just now”可知，从句应用一般过去时。
6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案 was 知识点 __⑩__
解析 句意：因有出色的表现，篮球赛一结束，这位篮球教练以及他的队员就被采访了。主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据句意使用一般过去时。
三、意义一致
知识点讲解
①表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2,500 miles is a long distance.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
②分数，百分数，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词决定。
特别提示
③each, one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/thing作主语或限定主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a book.
④each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。
We each have a book.
⑤“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The rich are not always happy.
The beautiful is loved by all.
⑥当what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词取决于主语从句指代的意义。
What we have are only two houses.
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
⑦不可数名词、不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming in the sea is great fun.
⑧family, team, group, government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数。
Our team wins first in the game.
My family are going on a trip this summer.
⑨people, cattle, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑩可以表示民族，又可以表示语言的名词如Chinese，表示语言时，谓语动词用单数；表示民族时，谓语动词用复数。
Chinese is difficult to learn.
Chinese are a hardworking people.
population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
A third of the population now smoke in this country.
news, maths, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)
第一组 单项填空
1．Sitting at the back of the room ________ a very shy girl with two bright eyes, who was very sad about her marks.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. was
答案 __D__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：一个有着一双明亮眼睛的很害羞的女孩坐在教室的后排，她为自己的分数感到很难过。主句中主语为a very shy girl，谓语动词用单数，由从句中的“was”可知主句也应用一般过去时，故选D项。
2．— The discussion is over. ________ everyone ready now?
— Yes, each of us ________ something to say.
A. Is; has
B. Is; have
C. Are; has
D. Are; have
答案 __A__ 知识点 __③__
解析 句意：——讨论结束了。现在大家都准备好了吗？——是的，我们每个人都有话要说。第一空，主语为everyone，谓语动词用单数；第二空，主语为each of us，谓语动词用单数。
3．When what is perfect ________， everything imperfect will pass away.
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑥__
解析 句意：当完美来临时，那些不完美的便会消逝。名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；由句意可知，此处应用一般现在时，故选C项。
4．There are so many books in his study, about one third of which ________ worth reading.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案 __C__ 知识点 __②__
解析 句意：他的书房里有很多书，其中大约三分之一值得读。“分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致，关系代词which指代先行词books，结合句意可知，空处用一般现在时，故选C项。
第二组 语法填空
5．— Some of the students ________ (be) sent to hospital after the threekilometre race yesterday.
— Unbelievable! Three kilometres ________ (be) not very long.
答案 were;_is 知识点 __②，①__
解析 句意：——昨天一些学生在跑完三千米后被送到了医院。——不可思议！三千米并不太长。第一空， some of the students作主语，谓语动词用复数；第二空， three kilometres作主语，当作一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；第一空用一般过去时，第二空用一般现在时。
6．All the scientific evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
答案 shows;_is 知识点 __⑦__
解析 句意：所有的科学证据都表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。evidence为不可数名词，谓语动词用shows，宾语从句中用动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用is。
7．Part of the family ________ (be) out on holiday.They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.
答案 are 知识点 __⑧__
解析 family指家庭整体时表单数，指家庭成员时指复数，part可指单数也可指复数，不难理解题干中的part of the family是复数概念。从题干第二个句子的意思可知，第一个句子的意思是“部分家庭成员现在正度假”，应使用一般现在时。
8．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the character of the children.
答案 has 知识点 __⑦__
解析 how close parents are to their children是主语从句，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
四、邻近一致及主谓一致的特殊情况
知识点讲解
1．邻近一致
①由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的单复数一致。
Was he or you able to persuade her?
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
②在倒装句及there be, here be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数要与最靠近的一个主语一致。
On the wall hang some pictures.
There is a desk and some chairs in the room.
There are some chairs and a desk in the room.
2．主谓一致的特殊情况
③and连接并列主语如果是指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and singer is a young lady.
④and连接的并列主语是单数概念，且前面有every, each, no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
⑤“one/either/each of＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
⑥“one and a half＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half hours is enough.
⑦“a/an＋单数名词＋or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam.
⑧“one or two＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
One or two students are planting trees.
⑨“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”强调句型中，如果被强调部分是主语，that/who后谓语与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。
It is they who have worked there for five years.
⑩“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The majority of boys like football.
当man (人类), the world (世界上的人)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Only man knows how to cook.
All the world knows that I am right.
a quantity of＋名词作主语，谓语动词的数与名词保持一致； quantities of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2017·杭州七校联考)Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing put
D. is to hand out
答案 __D__ 知识点 __①__
解析 句意：要么是你要么是校长将要在会上给这些优秀学生发奖品。由either ... or ...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数通常和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致；根据句意可知，此处应用一般将来时， be to do可以表示将来，故选D项。
2．To little Mike's surprise, lying on the desk ________ some of his favourite toy cars he had longed for.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. is
答案 __C__ 知识点 __②__
解析 逗号后是一个分词短语放在句首的倒装句，正常语序是： some of his favourite toy cars he had longed for were lying on the desk.不难看出some of his favourite toy cars是主语，所以选C项。
第二组 语法填空
3．Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, ________ great interest in the piano lessons.
答案 takes 知识点 __①__
解析 not only ... but also ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语一致，邻近的主语是their sister。
4．While a huge amount of money ________ (have) been spent stopping pollution, large quantities of water ________ (be) still heavily polluted.
答案 has;_are 知识点 ____
解析 题干是一个由while引导让步状语从句的主从复合句，从句的主语是money，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用has；主句中的water尽管是个不可数名词，但它的定语是large quantities of, quantities of后接名词，无论是复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
5．Can't you see east of the two buildings ________ (stand) an old tall tower?
答案 stands 知识点 __②__
解析 宾语从句是个倒装结构，正常语序是an old tall tower stands east of the two buildings。主语是an old tall tower，谓语动词要用单数，根据句意用一般现在时。