2017高考英语一轮语法对点讲练：5 名词性从句

　　语法对点讲练五　名词性从句

　　名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，能在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导词归类：

　　类别 功能 引导词

　　从属连词 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分 that, whether, if

　　连接代词 起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever, whoever

　　连接副词 起连接作用，并充当从句状语 when, where, how, why

　　一、主语从句

　　知识点讲解

　　1．主语从句的一般结构

　　①主语从句一般放于主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他。

　　2．it作形式主语的主语从句

　　②It＋be/become(s)＋形容词/名词/过去分词＋主语从句。

　　It is clear that the whale is not a fish.

　　③It seems/appears等动词＋that从句。

　　It happens that he can understand a little about the language.

　　④It remains to be＋过去分词＋主语从句。

　　⑤It doesn't matter＋how/whether从句。

　　It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not.

　　⑥主语从句出现在感叹句中。

　　What a pity it is that you cannot stay for dinner.

　　特别提示　

　　⑦用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，主语从句谓语动词用(should＋) do形式。常用句型有：

　　It is necessary/important/natural/strange等＋that从句

　　It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired等＋that从句

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑦)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·北京卷)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

　　A. That B. What

　　C. Who

　　D. Which

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者具有创造性的想象力。主语从句中缺少主语，并且指物，故用what引导。

　　2．(2017·陕西卷)It remains to be seen ________ the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. whether

　　答案　__D__　知识点　__④__

　　解析　句意：新组建的委员会的政策是否能付诸实施尚待分晓。It remains to be seen whether“……尚待分晓”，此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句。由句意知选项D正确。

　　3．(2017·江西卷)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

　　A. Whoever

　　B. Whatever

　　C. Whichever

　　D. Wherever

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　句意：无论你们中哪个人打破窗户都得赔偿。whichever引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语。

　　4．(2017·四川卷)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

　　A. When

　　B. How

　　C. What

　　D. That

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　此句中________ you said at the meeting是一个主语从句，缺少宾语，故选what。

　　5．(2017·重庆卷)________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.

　　A. That

　　B. It

　　C. What

　　D. Which

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。that引导主语从句不作成分， it不可引导主语从句， which作定语。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　6．It soon became widely known ________ the attempt to save the girl had failed.

　　答案　that　知识点　__②__

　　解析　it在句中作形式主语，后边的主语从句才是真正的主语。从句中不缺少成分，主语从句用that引导。

　　7．It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.

　　答案　whether　知识点　__⑤__

　　解析　句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。whether ... or ...“不管……还是”； It doesn't matter whether ...“无论是否……没有关系”。

　　8．It is necessary that he ________ (come) in time to attend the meeting.

　　答案　(should)_come　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　在It is necessary that ...句式中， that从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”， should可省略。

　　二、宾语从句

　　知识点讲解

　　1．动词后的宾语从句

　　①主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句。

　　I know that he is an honest boy.

　　②feel, think, find, consider, make等，常用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。

　　I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.

　　③like, dislike, love, hate, enjoy, appreciate等不能直接跟宾语从句，必须用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句。

　　I like it that everyone passed the exam.

　　④think, believe, suppose, expect等词后的宾语从句若是否定的，否定词要转移到主句的谓语动词上。

　　I don't think your answers are right.

　　2．介词后的宾语从句

　　⑤介词后可接宾语从句，但连接词whether不可换作if。

　　He often thinks of how he can make his class lively.

　　3．非谓语动词后的宾语从句

　　不定式、v.­ing形式、过去分词也可以后接宾语从句。

　　4．宾语从句中的时态

　　⑦主句谓语动词为一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定。

　　Do you know when the ancient games began?

　　⑧主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态一般用适当的过去时态。

　　He asked me if I was reading the textbook when he was in.

　　⑨当宾语从句为客观真理和规律时，则用一般现在时。

　　He said that light travels faster than sound.

　　5．whether与if引导宾语从句的区别

　　⑩与or not连用时，只用whether。

　　I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.

　　“whether＋不定式”结构作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。if无此用法。

　　I don't know whether to go there.

　　介词后面的宾语从句中只用whether。

　　if引导的条件句中，如果再有表示“是否”的引导词引导宾语从句时，只用whether。

　　He asked me whether I'd move to Beijing if I got the job.

　　doubt在肯定句中，接whether和if引导的宾语从句；但在否定句中，只用that。

　　We don't doubt that he is a brave man.

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. how

　　D. what

　　答案　__D__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　句意：警察发现了疑似失窃的古老雕像。found后接宾语从句，从句中appears to缺少主语成分，所以应该选一个连接代词引导宾语从句，故排除选项B和C; what可以引导宾语从句，在本句中既可作found的宾语，又可作从句的主语，选项A不符合题意，故本题答案为选项D。

　　2．(2017·山东卷)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　答案　__D__　知识点　__⑥__

　　解析　句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。动词know后面跟从句作宾语而从句中不缺少成分，故用连词that引导宾语从句。故选D项。

　　3．(2017·东北三校第二次联考)Please hold on to ________ you are strong and try to improve the weak subjects.

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__⑤__

　　解析　句意：你在你擅长的地方坚持住，并且试着改善你薄弱的科目。由where引导介词宾语从句，在从句中作状语。本题B项正确。

　　4．(2017·湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.

　　A. how

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. where

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　根据“因为你无法辨别你离胜利有多么近”可知应选A项。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　5．Tony couldn't remember ________ he had turned off the computer before he left the office.

　　答案　whether/if　知识点　__①__

　　解析　whether/if常用于否定句中引导名词性从句，意为“是否”。此处whether/if引导宾语从句。

　　6．I am wondering ________ Jason can lend me his new digital camera. I'll ask him.

　　答案　if/whether　知识点　__①__

　　解析　if/whether “是否”，引导宾语从句，符合句意。

　　7．After ________ seemed like two hours she came out with satisfaction.

　　答案　what　知识点　__⑤__

　　解析　所填词引导介词after的宾语从句，又在从句中作主语，只有what适合。

　　8．I never doubted ________ you could succeed in setting a new world record.

　　答案　that　知识点　____

　　解析　doubt用于否定句时，后面接that引导的宾语从句。doubt用于肯定句时才用whether或if。

　　三、表语从句

　　知识点讲解

　　表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because等。

　　①主语＋系动词＋表语从句。

　　②because引导表语从句强调原因，why引导表语从句强调结果。

　　It's because you're careless.

　　That's why he was absent.

　　③The reason why从句＋be＋that从句。

　　The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.

　　④what从句＋be＋that从句。

　　What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.

　　⑤It looks/seems as if/though从句。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　⑥主句主语是advice, demand, suggestion, order, requirement, request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋) do”形式。

　　My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～⑥)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.

　　A. why

　　B. who

　　C. because

　　D. whether

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__②__

　　解析　句子前是结果后句是原因，故选because。

　　2．(2017·石家庄二模)The doctor's dilemma was ________ he should tell the patient the truth.

　　A. whether B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　dilemma“进退两难的困境”。根据句意，使用whether引导表语从句。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　3．— He is eager to try something he has never tried before.

　　— Oh I see. That's ________ he's different from others.

　　答案　where　知识点　__①__

　　解析　答语句意：这就是他与别人的不同之处。where引导表语从句。

　　4．What some students are not aware of is ________ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.

　　答案　how　知识点　__④__

　　解析　句意：有些学生不知道如果他们不专心学习的话，生活可能会多么困难。is后的部分是表语从句，是一个感叹句，其中life是主语，形容词difficult是表语，所以用连接副词how来修饰。

　　5．Another cultural reason why doing journalism is tough here is ________ people don't want to stick their necks out.

　　答案　that　知识点　__③__

　　解析　句意：为什么在这里采访费力，另一个原因是文化上的原因，人们不想出头露面。that引导表语从句。

　　四、同位语从句

　　知识点讲解

　　　①同位语从句常跟在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后，说明该名词的具体内容。

　　I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.

　　②同位语从句与名词之间有时会有插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。

　　Word came that our team had won the game.

　　③advice, request, suggestion, proposal等的同位语从句用虚拟语气，即“(should＋) do”形式。

　　The order came from the president that the rule (should) be adapted.

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～③)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

　　A. how

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. whether

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　由belief可知，从句是阐明belief内容的，从句不缺成分，故用that引导。

　　2．(2017·绵阳第三次诊断)There is no doubt ________ those working hard can pass the exam easily.

　　A. whether

　　B. if

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__①__

　　解析　There is no doubt that ...是一个固定句型，其中that引导同位语从句。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　3．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

　　答案　that　知识点　__②__

　　解析　句意：会议延期的通知是大约下午两点下达的。that引导同位语从句，说明通知的内容， that引导同位语从句时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。

　　4．Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

　　答案　that　知识点　__②__

　　解析　句意：经过多年的研究，已有证据表明儿童的早期睡眠问题好像是在他们长大后还要继续。that引导同位语从句修饰evidence。

　　5．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.

　　答案　that　知识点　__②__

　　解析　句意：我暗自下决心，今年是我上中学的第一年，要有所改变。that引导同位语从句，用来解释promise, that引导同位语时既无词义也不在从句中作成分。

　　五、其他注意事项

　　知识点讲解

　　1．同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　①同位语从句前的名词为idea, news, hope等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词或整个句子。

　　②同位语从句相当于一个名词，用来解释、说明；定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来对先行词进行修饰或限制。

　　③how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，不能引导定语从句； which则不能引导同位语从句。

　　④that在同位语从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，不能省略； that引导定语从句，可在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，指物时可以被which代替，作宾语时常省略。

　　⑤when, where, why在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，需要先行词分别表示时间、地点、原因，而在同位语从句中则不然。

　　2．that与what在名词性从句中的区别

　　⑥what充当成分，意为“……的事物”，不可省略； that不作任何成分，只起连接作用，也无实际意义。

　　⑦名词性从句已有疑问引导词时，不再用that。

　　I don't understand what you said just now. (understand后不再用that)

　　3．whatever, whichever, whoever在名词性从句中的区别

　　⑧whatever, whichever引导名词性从句可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语成分； whoever只可作主语、宾语成分。

　　特别提示　

　　⑨whatever, whichever, whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/which/who。

　　对点训练

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．The fact has worried the people across the world ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

　　A. what

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. where

　　答案　__C__

　　解析　that引导同位语从句，对fact的内容进行说明。

　　2．A new research finds that companies ________ have more women on their boards have better results.

　　A. what

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. that

　　答案　__D__

　　解析　句意：一项新的研究发现，董事会拥有更多女性的公司会取得更好的业绩。what不能引导定语从句，故排除；从句缺少主语，排除where；先行词是companies，不表示人，故排除who，选择that，that引导定语从句。

　　3．Up to now, I haven't got any idea ________ we should go on with the project.

　　A. that

　　B. whether

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　答案　__B__

　　解析　句意：直到现在我也不知道我们是否应该继续这项工程。根据句意可知，应用whether引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。

　　4．He didn't expect that his parents could manage to know ________ is going on in his college life on the Internet.

　　A. how B. which

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　答案　__C__

　　解析　句意：他没有想到父母会设法从网上知道他大学生活中所发生的事情。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作is going on的主语，故选what。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　5．________ nearly all behaviour is learned behaviour is a basic assumption ________ has been put forward by the social scientists.

　　答案　That;_that

　　解析　句意：几乎所有的行为都是习得性行为，这是社会学家们提出的最基本的假设。第一空引导的是主语从句，从句不缺成分，意思完整，所以选that。第二空引导的是定语从句，而从句缺少主语，因此也选用that。

　　6．________ song Jay Chou sings will become popular pretty soon.

　　答案　Whatever

　　解析　句意：周杰伦唱的任何歌曲都会很快流行。根据句意，whatever合适。

　　7．________ we have planned ahead might change when we put it into practice.

　　答案　Whatever

　　解析　题干中的when we put it into practice是时间状语从句，前面是主语从句，空白处所填的词在主语从句中作宾语。whatever“无论什么”，符合句意。