语法对点讲练三 冠词
一、不定冠词
知识点讲解
泛指某一类人、事、物，相当于any。
I know that the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress.
泛指某人或某物，但不具体指明何人或何物，相当于a certain或some。
A John called you just now.
表示数量，有“一”的意思，相当于one。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
表示“每一”，相当于per。
The car is travelling at 100 miles an hour.
用于序数词前，表示“又一；再一”。
Please give me a second chance.
抽象名词具体化，表示一个具体情况，一个具体动作。
Their performance became a success.
在一些物质名词前加不定冠词，表示“一阵；一场；一份；一种”。
There will be a heavy storm.
用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。
He has a light breakfast every morning.
用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。
We had a very hot summer.
We had a wonderful Sunday.
与形容词比较级连用，表示“一个更……的……”。
用于so, as, too, how等修饰的形容词之后，单数可数名词前。
This is too small a room for us to live in.
用在such, what, many, half等词后，修饰单数可数名词。
What a beautiful flower it is!
与most＋adj.连用，修饰单数可数名词。
That's a most expensive supper.
用于同源宾语中。
Live a happy life.
用在固定搭配中：
all of a sudden, in a word, come to an end, in a hurry, take a walk, make a living, at a loss等。
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(～)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2017·山东卷)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
A. /; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; /
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 第一个空泛指“一个寒冷冬天的夜晚”，故用不定冠词a；第二个空特指“晚上的天空”，故用定冠词the。
2．(2017·徐州考前模拟)It is now ________ universally accepted concept that ________ early education should focus on children's happiness.
A. an; /
B. an; /
C. a; /
D. the; the
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 concept作“概念”讲时是可数名词，表示泛指用不定冠词a。universally以辅音音素开头，不用an。education在此泛指“教育”的概念，为抽象名词，不加冠词。故选C项。
3．(2017·福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; the
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意：中国梦是一个改进人们生活水平的梦，一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。在句中dream是可数名词且为泛指，故两处都填a。
4．(2017·陕西五校三模)— Can you finish the book in ________ month or two?
— Yes, it's out of ________ question.
A. a; the
B. the; /
C. the; a
D. a; /
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 第一空使用不定冠词a，表示数量“一”的概念，相当于one。out of question“毫无疑问”； out of the question“绝不可能”，根据句意，不使用冠词。故选D项。
5．(2017·江西卷)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A. a; /
B. the; the
C. a; the
D. /; /
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 a lower form of life“一种更低级的生命形态”。man指人类为不可数名词，不用冠词。
第二组 语法填空
6．— May I have ________ break, mum?
— Didn't you have ________ short one an hour ago?
答案 a;_a 知识点 ____
解析 have a break“休息一下”，为固定搭配。第二空one代指break, have a short break“短暂休息一下”。
7．I usually have ________ hamburger while waiting for ________ 7：00 school bus.
答案 a;_the 知识点 ____
解析 不定冠词用在物质名词前表示“一份；一类；一阵”，故第一空填a。第二空特指七点钟的那辆校车，使用定冠词the。
8．— What about ________ passage?
— It's too difficult ________ passage for me.
答案 the;_a 知识点 ____
解析 第一个空填the，表示谈话双方都知道的；第二个空填a，是“形容词＋不定冠词＋单数名词”的用法。
9．(2017·淄博二模)We do have ________ Bob here, but he is not that Bob, chairman of our company.
答案 __a__ 知识点 ____
解析 Bob为一个人名，通常前边不使用冠词，此处使用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个叫……的人；一个像……的人”。
二、定冠词
知识点讲解
①用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物。
The cat, like the dog, is a lovely creature.
特指双方都知道的人或物，或再次提到上文提到过的人或物。
I like the novel you lent me last week.
特指世上独一无二的事物。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?
用在某些形容词、过去分词、v.ing形式前表示一类人或事物。
The rich should help the poor.
The dead no longer need. We must do something for the living, including the injured.
用于序数词、最高级、only、very、same前。
We made the same mistake at the same moment.
We live on the twentythird floor, the highest floor of this building.
用在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人或某某夫妇。
the Smiths, the Browns
用于由某些普通名词构成的国家、机关、团体等专有名词前。
the People's Republic of China
用在形容词比较级前，表示“两者中……的一个”。
Of the two sisters, Lily is the younger.
用在世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
in the 1990s', the Han Dynasty
用在山河、节日、海洋等名词前。
the Huanghe River, the Spring Festival
用于西洋乐器名称前。
the piano, the guitar, the violin
用在身体部位名称前，相当于物主代词(动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位)。
hit sb.on the head
用在方位或发明物前，但当方位词同of短语构成方位副词短语时，其前不用冠词。
invented the computer, in the east of Beijing
Taiwan lies southeast of Fujian.
用在表示具体的计量的名词前。
by the hour, by the dozen
用在固定搭配中。
the other day, on the whole, in the distance, in the future, on the contrary, on the increase
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(～)
第一组 单项填空
1．(2017·陕西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A. the; a
B. a; /
C. /; the
D. the; the
答案 __D__ 知识点 __，__
解析 专有名词四大洋前要用定冠词the，又因“在几世纪”常用固定结构“in the＋序数词＋century”，故选项D正确。
2．(2017·重庆卷)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A. a; /
B. the; /
C. the; an
D. a; an
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 由news后的that从句可知为特指；第二空为表示数量。
3．(2017·潍坊仿真四)The education of ________ young is always ________ hot and serious topic.
A. the; a
B. /; /
C. /; the
D. the; /
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 young是名词化的形容词，定冠词与此类词语连用表示“一类人或事物”。the young“年轻人”。第二空表示泛指，用不定冠词a。a hot and serious topic“一个热门且严肃的话题”。故选A项。
4．(2017·北京顺义区第二次统考)________ Brown Bear in Russia is more or less ________ same animal as the Grizzly Bear in North America.
A. The; the
B. A; a
C. The; a
D. A; the
答案 __A__ 知识点 __，__
解析 Brown Bear in Russia和Grizzly Bear in North America都是由普通名词构成的专有名词，其前使用定冠词the。第二空the same ... as为固定搭配。故选A项。
第二组 语法填空
5．The bus to the Forbidden City runs on ________ hour by ________ hour.
答案 the;_the 知识点 __，__
解析 句意：去紫禁城的公交车按小时整点发车。on the hour“在整点”固定短语； by the hour“按小时计算”。
6．As we all know, Steve Jobs is ________ man of great achievement, who is considered one of ________ greatest businessmen of our time.
答案 a;_the 知识点 ____
解析 a man of great achievement“一位有巨大成就的人”， a表示数量“一”；第二个空填the，是the与形容词最高级连用。
7．The biggest whale is ________ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 metres long—the height of ________ 9story building.
答案 the; _a 知识点 ____
解析 第一个空填the, the用在单数名词前表示类属；第二个空填a表示“一”， the height of a 9story building“九层楼的高度”。
8．I don't know who invented ________ iPhone, but I think it is ________ useful invention.
答案 the;_a 知识点 ____
解析 第一个空填the，定冠词用于表示发明物的单数名词前； useful以辅音音素开头，用a不用an。
三、零冠词的用法
知识点讲解
①在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前。
Iron and steel plays an important role in industry.
Happiness is a direction, not a place.
②复数名词泛指一类人或物或表示不定量的人或物时。
Newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find advertisements.
③在星期、月份、季节和节假日前。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
特别提示
④特定意义的月份、季节和中国传统节日的名词前通常加定冠词。
the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival
I don't like the spring of Jinan.
⑤在称呼语前或表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补语、同位语时。
Doctor, I'm not feeling myself today.
I'm captain of the class team.
⑥表示学科、三餐、语言、棋类和球类运动的名词前。
They can choose other subjects like Art, Computer, Science or languages such as Spanish and German.
特别提示
⑦三餐前有修饰语或特指某顿饭时，可用冠词；表示语言的名词与language连用时，加定冠词the。
⑧与by连用的交通和通讯工具前。
by train, by bus, by sea, by boat
⑨系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。
His brother has turned writer.
⑩由音译地名组成的街道、广场、公园、旅馆、大学等名称前。
Beihai Park, East Chang'an Street
and连接两种身份组成的一个人或事物时，后者不用冠词。
a worker and writer
名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、所有格等限定词时。
This is my address.
I like this flower.
as, though引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词作表语提至句首时。
Child as he is, he knows quite a lot about the history of China.
no such后的名词前。
No such thing has ever happened in our school.
某些固定搭配中。
at first, at table, by way of, day by day, keep in mind, on purpose等。
下列短语有无冠词意义不同：
对点训练
完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)
1．I have joined ________ health club across the street to get in ________ shape.
A. the; / B. a; /
C. the; the
D. a; a
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 health club有across the street限定，表示特指，使用定冠词the修饰。get in shape“保持体型；恢复身体”，为固定搭配，不使用冠词。故选A项。
2．(2017·山东模拟卷三)There is ________ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by ________ water.
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. the; /
答案 __A__ 知识点 __⑧__
解析 small temple表示泛指“岛上的一个小庙”，用不定冠词修饰。by water“走水路；经由水路”，为固定用法。故选A项。
3．(2017·烟台5月练习三)When my sister left ________ college, she got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; the
D. a; /
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 leave college“大学毕业”； leave the college“离开学院”，根据句意，第一空不填冠词。as a reporter“作为一名记者”， a表示类属。故选B项。
4．Doctor Zhang, an honest expert on ________ subject, will give us a lecture on nationwide water shortage ________ next Friday.
A. the; /
B. the; the
C. a; /
D. a; the
答案 __A__ 知识点 __③__
解析 第一空subject指说话双方都知道的事物，故用定冠词the。月份、星期、节日、季节等名词前一般不用冠词。故选A项。
5．What ________ pity that you must leave now! It is such ________ great fun to have dinner with you.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. /; a
D. a; /
答案 __D__ 知识点 __①__
解析 what a pity“真遗憾”， fun为抽象名词，前面不用不定冠词。
6．David Cameron was elected ________ Prime Minister to lead Britain to ________ new time.
A. /; a
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. a; /
答案 __A__ 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意：大卫·卡莫尔被选为英国首相，他带领英国进入一个新时代。第一空， Prime Minister为表示头衔的名词作主语补足语，其前不用冠词；第二空泛指“一个新时代”。
7．(江西卷)The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.
A. /; a
B. the; the
C. /; the
D. the; a
答案 __C__ 知识点 __②__
解析 句意：史密斯夫妇不太喜欢住旅馆，不过去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆度过了几天。hotels为复数形式，无特指含义，不用定冠词；第二个空是指海边的旅馆， by the sea指“在岸上的海边”，特指， by sea“乘船；由海路”。
8．After John graduated from the university he went to ________ hospital and turned ________ doctor.
A. the; a
B. the; /
C. /; a
D. /; /
答案 __B__ 知识点 __，⑨__
解析 go to the hospital“去医院”； go to hospital“去看病”， turn表示“成为”时后接名词，名词前不用冠词。
9．In my mind, no such ________ thing in our country as the Great Wall can stand for the image and ________ culture of China.
A. a; the
B. a; /
C. /; the
D. /; /
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 no相当于not a，在no such与单数名词连用时不用冠词； culture后面有修饰成分，所以第二个空填the。