2．含蓄条件句 有时句子表示的虚拟条件并不一定要用if从句来表示，而是通过连词or、otherwise、介词短语或通过上下文和句子的内在逻辑关系来暗示。 We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we would have been late. 我们打的去的机场，否则的话我们就可能晚了。 Without music，the world would be a dull place. 没有音乐的话，世界将会变得很无聊。
3．if it be not for …
也是一种条件虚拟语气从句 If it had not been for the help of our teacher，we should not have made so much progress.要是没有老师的帮助，我们就不会取得那么多的进步。 If it had not been for me，you would not be free. 要不是我的话，你就得不到自由了。
4．在有些复合句中，主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句(混合式虚拟语气) If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前学习努力的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night.如果我是你的话，我不会错过昨天晚上的电影。 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball；otherwise，he ________________(score) a goal. 【答案】would have scored 2．But for the Party，he ________________(die) of hunger 15 years ago. 【答案】would have died
3．I ________________(go) to visit him in the hospital，but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. 【答案】would have gone 4．If I knew her telephone number，I ________________ (give)her a ring now. 【答案】would give
Ⅱ.用虚拟语气改写下列句子 1．We want to buy a computer，but we don’t have enough money. 【答案】If we had enough money，we would buy a computer.
2．John hurt his leg.John didn’t win the race. 【答案】If John hadn’t hurt his leg，he would have won the race. 3．With my brother’s help，I finished my job.(用but for改写) 【答案】But for my brother’s help，I wouldn’t have finished my job. 读写任务(二) 记叙文的概括 一、新课程对概括部分的要求 新课程标准的三个关键词是问题，信息，表达。文章阅读是输入信息，写作的题目是我们要解决的问题，表达就是我们写出来文章。
所谓“概括要点”，是在阅读、理解文章内容之后，经过提炼概括，用简明扼要的语言准确转述文章内容的一种形式。其方法主要有如下几种： 提取法 即提取文中的中心句、主旨句、结论句，将其摘取出来，作为概括性文字。这种方法即适用于那些要求用原文语句答题的题目，又适用于要求对内容、主旨进行概括的题目。
组合法 即组合文中关键性语句或关键性的词语来进行概括。这种方法适用于内容基本清晰，重点语句比较突出而全文的中心句、关键语句等不太突出的文章或文段。 自写法 即基本上用自己的语言或完全用自己的语言进行概括。适用于那些提炼文章中心、概括文章风格、概括作用观点、简述故事情节、给文章加上标题等方面的概括性题目。 二、概括部分的写作要求和步骤 我们知道，概括包括2个部分，主题句和支撑句，前者统摄后者。主题句是关键。 1．概括的形式是“主题句＋支撑句”。 文体 主题句 支撑句 议论文 文章论点(一句) 文章论据(两三句) 记叙文 故事的写作目的主题(一句) 故事大意(两三句) 说明文 说明的对象/观点/现象 解释/分述
2.概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。 标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句是主题句清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题句之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
概括部分对于输入材料的加工要求高。概要写作包含多个分任务(阅读理解、信息筛选、句子表达等等)，包含几种能力。第一要分析文章，寻找作者的原来意义。第二要筛选信息，学会区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普遍与特殊，相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有英文解释英文的能力(paraphrase)，用自己简单的语言来解释比较复杂语言现象，不能抄袭原文。 总而言之，好的概括具有这么一些特点：主题句统摄，逻辑性强，信息浓度高，意义抽象程度高，等等。读写任务的阅读材料有多种文体，包括记叙文，说明文与议论文。 三、记叙文概括的写作指导 【例1】 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 【阅读材料】 The Best Gift Della and Jim broke away from their families to get married.Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building.They were now digesting the hardship of life.The only joy was their sweet love for each other.
The handsome husband had to burden with a family though he was young.The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved. Christmas was coming.They were thinking of a good gift for each other.Della wore a waterfall of black hair，but her comb was broken.Jim had a gold watch with and old chain，which was passed from his old grandfathers.
The big day finally came.On arriving home，Jim was surprised to find Della’s long hair cut short.But Della was also surprised to find Jim’s gold watch gone.She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him！He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her! The gifts were now useless.But it fact they got the best gifts.
我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。 学生样本1 This passage tells us a story about a couple.They sold the most value thing for themselves to buy gifts for each other.Even though the gifts were became useless，they had received the best gifts indeed. 学生样本2 This story tells us that a husband Jim and wife Della love each other.On Christmas，they send best gifts to eachother，but each loses a dear thing.The gifts are useless. 两个样本都表达了一些关键的词语(Della，Jim，love，gift等等)，但是从“主题句统摄支撑句”的要求来看，与记叙文的文体目的配合不够完美。记叙文要讲求故事的“教化”意义，它的背后隐藏着“这个故事教育我们什么”的目的，即是“故事情节＋主题”的深层结构。 我们写概括的时候，主题句最好写“主题”以瞄准故事的深层写作目的，然后支撑句写故事的大意。样本1的主题句没有样2好。样本1比较空洞，读者看不出故事的主题；样本2没有点明礼物，说到了两个人之间的“love”。但是样本1后面的支撑句“Even though the gifts were(became)useless，they(had)received the best gift(s) indeed”说明了故事的情节和目的，又比样本2好。因此，两个样本差不多，可以评3～4分(5分满分) 四、写作练笔 完成对例题1 The Best Gift的概括 主题句——瞄准故事的“主题” 支撑句——写故事的大意，支撑主题句，补充主题句没有说完的 【答案】 主题句——瞄准故事的“主题” The text is about a gift of love between Jim and Della. 支撑句——写故事的大意，支撑主题句，补充主题句没有说完的 Both of them sold what they liked best to buy a gift for the other.The gifts were in fact the true love to each other. Period 3 Grammar 一、品味语法 1．Had I not seen it with my own eyes，I would not have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。 2．If you’d listened to me，you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。 虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
3．Without your help，we could not have succeeded.如果没有你们的帮助，我们就不会成功。 4．He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party. 他昨天感觉很累，要不然他就参加晚会了。
二、讲解归纳 1．if的省略 如果条件从句中的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，可省略连词if，把were，had，should放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件从句是否定式，倒装时只能把not放在主语之后，不能用缩写式或把not放在主语之前。
Were I you(＝If I were you)，I would do more practice after class. 如果我是你的话，我会在课下多做练习。 Had you arrived(＝If you had arrived)at the station ten minutes earlier，you could have caught the train. 如果你早到车站十分钟的话，你就可以赶上火车了。 Should he come(＝If he should come)，tell him to ring me up.如果他来的话，告诉他给我打个电话。