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课时提升作业(三十一)
选修7 Unit 1
. 阅读理解
A
(2017·合肥模拟)
In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self-help books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.
Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10-year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.
“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn’t well appreciated, ”said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological well-being than family relationships. ”
Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.
It isn’t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.
Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.
The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.
“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to, ”said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center for gerontology(老年医学)at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better. ”
【文章大意】如何保持身心健康? 相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的, 很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素——友谊。
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People should make friends as many as possible.
B. Friendships do great good to human health.
C. People with friends have an optimistic attitude.
D. Several studies have been done on friendships.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. People haven’t attached importance to friendships.
B. A friend can replace doctors and self-help books.
C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels.
D. People who have friends tend to be fat.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段可知, 人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。
3. The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that .
A. students should climb the steep hill with friends
B. it takes a long time to make friends
C. a friend in need is a friend indeed
D. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty
【解析】选D。推理判断题。倒数第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. ”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小, 这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐观的心态。
4. In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us .
A. friendship has a strong physical effect on people’s health
B. we cannot be too careful when making friends
C. older people are likely to have fewer friends
D. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关。
B
It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition. Have you ever wondered what these successful athletes eat to stay in peak shape?
Keri Glassman, a registered dietitian and founder of Nutritious Life Meals, appeared on“Good Morning America”today to give you a glimpse into the diets ofsome top athletes. Some of their meals could surprise you.
Crazy Calorie Count
Glassman said Olympians eat a lot of food—quantities that for ordinary people would constitute pigging out. One secret of swimmer Michael Phelps’ astonishing performance in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing was consuming as many as 12, 000 calories in one day.
Athletes can eat like this and not gain any weight because their workouts are intense. According to Glassman, Phelps’ workouts can burn 4, 000 to 6, 000 calories in a day, and those calories must be added in order to train the following day.
Snacking Secrets
Some athletes eat strange foods that improve their performance. Yohan Blake, the Jamaica sprinter and 100-meter world champion, has stolen champion sprinter Usain Bolt’s thunder on the track during the Olympic trials. Asked about how he gets his energy, Blake answered that he eats 16 bananas per day, Glassman said.
Jonathan Horton, the lead gymnast on the US team, has a blood sugar problem. His solution is honey. When he starts to feel shaky at the gym, he takes honey to boost his energy, Glassman said.
Foods for Recovery
What are the best foods to help the body recover after harsh competition?
For Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte, the recovery meal is grilled chicken breasts with Alfredo sauce, whole-grain spaghetti and a salad with lemon juice and olive oil. Lochte, who recently cut out junk food, candy and soda, has undertaken a strength-training regimen(养生法)that involves flipping tractor tires and tossing beer kegs, Glassman said.
【文章大意】运动员的成长不仅需要锻炼, 还需要营养, 合理膳食也至关重要。
5. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. Good Diet Makes a True Olympian
B. Olympians Have Olympic-size Appetites
C. Olympians’ Strange Eating Habits
D. The Diets of Some Top Olympic Athletes
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第一段是中心段落, 所有奥运选手不仅仅需要锻炼, 要想获得金牌还需要营养, 合理膳食。
6. What does the underlined sentence probably mean?
A. Ordinary people eat few pigs compared with Olympians.
B. Olympians eat a lot more food than ordinary people.
C. Olympians tend to eat a lot of high-quality food.
D. Olympians eat a large amount of food, just like pigs.
【解析】选B。句意理解题。前一句说奥运选手吃很多食物。画线部分在破折号之后, 是对前面话语的补充。
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Ryan Lochte quit eating junk food, candy and soda for his better recovery.
B. Yohan Blake finally beat Usain Bolt in the 100-meter track in the Olympics.
C. Michael Phelps’astonishing performance was due to his eating lots of food.
D. Jonathan Horton has a blood sugar problem because of taking too much honey.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知A正确。
8. The passage is most likely to be found in .
A. a technical report
B. a fashion magazine
C. an education column
D. a sports newspaper
【解析】选D。文章出处题。本文说的是运动员与饮食, 所以这篇文章可能出现在报纸的体育版面。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I had traveled halfway around the world to see him—my father. I was 7 years old when I last saw him. Nearly 15 years later, I 1 in the courtyard of his home in Armenia. My brother remembered 2 our father lived. It was the 3 gray, decaying building my parents lived in after they 4 . You could say that I had come home. But that wasn’t how I 5 .
I have few 6 of my father. I remember us dancing together and him giving me my first doll. I also remember him 7 and he liked to leave. Sometimes he would be 8 for months at a time, and then unexpectedly he would be back.
Until, one day, it was our 9 to leave. My mother woke me up and told me to 10 my belongings. I remember her grasping my hand as we made our 11 to the airport in Moscow. She said we were going on a trip. The next day, we 12 at our new home, California. We 13 ever spoke of my father. I had no 14 of him, and over time forgot what he looked like. When I asked my mother about him, she would look at me, 15 : “Forget him. He’s gone, ”she’d say.
I felt robbed of a relationship with a 16 , and somehow I wanted to 17 the lost years. For nearly a year, I lived with him. Often, my father sat across the table from me, 18 me stories as if we were old friends.
Now slowly I am piecing together a picture of a 19 stranger. In some ways, he is no less absent to me than when I was a 20 . But now I have a glimpse of a man who should have been my father.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。小时候父亲经常离家出走, 作者七岁时最终和母亲一起离开了父亲, 直到15年后才再次见到他并和他在一起待了将近一年, 但父亲在作者心目中的印象仍然是熟悉的陌生人。
1. A. debatedB. stoodC. answeredD. awoke
【解析】选B。前后照应题。根据上下文可知, 作者多年后回到原来的家。将近十五年后, 我又站在了父亲的院子里。
2. A. why B. how
C. where
D. when
【解析】选C。前后照应题。根据后面的句子可知, 我哥哥还记得父亲住的地方。
3. A. same B. official
C. legal
D. different
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知, 父亲还住在原来的房子里。依然是那栋灰色破旧的建筑。
4. A. separated B. married
C. changed
D. quarreled
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。父母婚后就住在那栋建筑里。
5. A. tasted B. smelt
C. sounded
D. felt
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据You could say that I had come home. 及But可判断出, 作者并没有这种感觉。你可以说我回家了, 但我却没有这种感觉。
6. A. memories B. decisions
C. doubts
D. honors
【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据后面的内容可知这是本段的主题句, 我对父亲的记忆不多。
7. A. joking B. singing
C. painting
D. leaving
【解析】选D。前后照应题。根据后面的and he liked to leave及下文的描述可知, 我还记得他离开家时的情形, 他喜欢离家出走。
8. A. determined B. concerned
C. gone
D. devoted
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。有时候他会一走就是几个月, 然后不期而归。
9. A. duty B. business
C. honor
D. turn
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。父亲经常离开家, 直到有一天, 轮到我们离开了。
10. A. buy B. pack
C. transport
D. view
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。因为我们要离开了, 所以要收拾行李打包。
11. A. way B. life
C. day
D. mind
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。根据后面的to the airport可知, 要用make one’s way to前往。我记得在去莫斯科机场的路上, 妈妈紧紧地握着我的手。
12. A. pointed B. stared
C. aimed
D. arrived
【解析】选D。固定搭配题。根据后面的our new home可知要用arrive at到达。第二天, 我们来到了在加利福尼亚州的新家。
13. A. hardly B. fortunately
C. curiously
D. generally
【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据后面作者问及父亲时母亲的态度可知, 我们几乎从没谈起过我父亲。
14. A. photos B. clothes
C. demands
D. books
【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据后面and over time forgot what he looked like可知, 导致我忘记了他长什么样的原因应该是我没有他的照片。
15. A. excited B. disappointed
C. advanced
D. pleased
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据Forget him. He’s gone可知, 当问及父亲的情况时, 母亲的反应是非常失望。每当我想问问母亲有关父亲的情况时,她都会看着我, 失望地说: “忘了他吧! 他走了。”
16. A. mother B. brother
C. sister
D. father
【解析】选D。词汇复现题。根据语境可知, 母亲的行为让我感觉好像被人剥夺了与父亲的关系。
17. A. make up for B. make away with
C. make use of
D. make out of
【解析】选A。短语辨析题。因此我想用某种方式来弥补这些年失去的时光。make up for补偿, 弥补; make away with带走, 拿走, 偷走; make use of使用, 利用; make out of用……制造出……。
18. A. teaching B. telling
C. supplying
D. writing
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。父亲和我隔桌而坐, 像老朋友那样给我讲故事。
19. A. familiar B. complete
C. real
D. passing
【解析】选A。前后照应题。根据上文可知, 对于作者来说父亲的形象在自己的心目中既熟悉又陌生。此刻渐渐地, 我拼凑起了一张熟悉的陌生人的画像。
20. A. student B. child
C. parent
D. writer
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知, 作者自小和父亲在一起的时间很有限。在某种程度上, 他依然像我在孩童时和我那么疏远。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——如何寻找主题句?
阅读文章时往往通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置常有三种情况: 开头、中间、结尾。故解答主旨大意题时多采用浏览法, 即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句和尾句或每段的首句或尾句, 重点搜索主题信息。
请根据上面两篇文章内容, 填写下表:
题号 主题句 选项
1 第一段最后一句点明文章主旨: But they overlook a powerful weapon. . . . ______
5 第一段点明文章主旨: It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require. ______
答案:
题号 主题句 选项
1 第一段最后一句点明文章主旨: But they overlook a powerful weapon. . . their friends. B
5 第一段点明文章主旨: It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition. D