阅读理解-----C4[2017·北京卷]
A
The Basics of Math—Made Clear
Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond.
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics,
and how these operations can be used practically.
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.
By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.
Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learnerfriendlier and less scary.
With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various makeup classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.
If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.
56．What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?
A．Algebra.
B．College Mathematics.
C．Arithmetic.
D．Mathematics Education.
57．What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?
A．Stronger imaginative ability.
B．Additional presentation skills.
C．More mathematical confidence.
D．Greater chances of becoming teachers.
58．What can we learn about Professor H．Siegel?
A．He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.
B．He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.
C．He works in Georgia State University.
D．He specializes in training teachers.
59．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A．A news report.
B．A book review.
C．A lesson plan.
D．An advertisement.
【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。
56. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为C。
57. C 细节理解题。本题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。只有C项为本段中讲述的。其他项均未涉及。
58. B 推理判断题。本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被Kentucky Educational Television评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在Georgia State University取得博士学位，而他是在Central Arizona College教数学。他的课是为future primary school teachers做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数学课程是由30个讲座构成，所以选B。
59. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选D。
高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-----A
For many years, I was convinced that my suffering was due to my size. I believed that when the weight disappeared, it would take old wounds, hurts, and rejections with it.
Many weight – conscious people also mistakenly believe that changing our bodies will fix everything. Perhaps our worst mistake is believing that being thin equals being loved, being special, and being cherished. We fantasize about what it will be like when we reach the long – awaited goal. We work very hard to realize this dream. Then, at last, we find ourselves there.
But we often gain back what we have lost. Even so, we continue to believe that next time it will be different. Next time, we will keep it off. Next time, being thin finally fulfill its promise of everlasting happiness, self – worth, and, of course, love.
It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty. Beauty standards vary with culture. In Samoa a woman is not considered attractive unless she weighs more than 200 pounds. More importantly, if it’s happiness that we want, why not put our energy there rather than on the size of our body? Why not look inside? Many of us try hard to change our body, but in vain. We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with and cherish ourselves. When we change our attitudes toward ourselves, the whole world changes.
1. The passage seems to emphasize the importance of
.
A. body size
B. attitudes toward life
C. cultural differences
D. different beauty standards
答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的主旨大意。文章前面的内容介绍了作者减肥的痛苦思想经历，最后一段最后一句话点出了文章的中心 “When we change our attitudes toward ourselves, the whole world changes.” 作者认为当我们改变对我们自己的态度后，整个世界就变了，因此本文在强调生活的态度，故答案为B。
2. What does the underlined part “in vain” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Without success.
B. Without purpose.
C. In doubt.
D. In trouble.
答案解析：答案为A。本题为词义猜测题。由划线部分所在的语境 “Many of us try hard to change our body, but in vain.”可知，“but”后的意思应该与前面的“很多人努力地去改变身体”意思相反，因此“in vain”的意思最有可能是“没有成功”，故答案为A。
3. What can be inferred about the author?
A. The author is a Samoan.
B. The author succeeded in losing weight.
C. The author has been troubled by her / his weight.
D. The author probably got wounded in wars or accidents.
答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第一段第一句话 “For many years, I was convinced that my suffering was due to my size.”可知，很多年以来，作者相信他/她的痛苦是因为自身的身材肥胖，因此可以推断作者很多年都受到体重的困扰，故答案为C。由最后一段首句 “It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty.”可知，作者花了很长时间才意识到关于美还有很多的要学习，因此作者减肥并不成功，故干扰项最强的B选项“作者成功减肥了”错误。
4. According to the author, what is the common view of those who have lost some weight first and gained it back later?
A. They feel angry about the regained weight.
B. They pay little attention to the regained weight.
C. They feel optimistic about future plans on weight control.
D. They think they should give up their future plans on weight control.
答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由倒数第二段内容可知，很多人减肥后还是长胖，即使如此，他们仍然相信下次一定会有所不同，能够变得更瘦，这就是许多人的自我安慰，从而保持快乐。可以推断，那些减肥的人对他们的减肥计划感到非常乐观，故答案为C。
较难题目特训：人物故事类
It was the first snow of winter—an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today I would need some help. Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton, Ontario, had been through first snow days many times in her long career, but I think she may still remember this one.
I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I struggled with my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots.” I didn’t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.
I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected the adult to do all the work. After much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.
I announced, “They’re on the wrong feet.” With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again. Then I said, “These aren’t my boots, you know.” As she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. Once they were off, I said, “They are my brother’s boots. My mother makes me wear them, and I hate them!” Somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl. She pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. With a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now, where are your gloves?”
I looked into her eyes and said, “I didn’t want to lose them, so I put them into the toes of my boots.”
1. According to the passage, the little girl got from her brother.
A. the wool snow pants and the jacket
B. the jacket and the boots
C. the jacket and the hat
D. the boots and the gloves
2. What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on?
A. The gloves in the toes of the boots.
B. The slowness of the teacher.
C. The wrong size of the boots.
D. The unwillingness of the girl.
3. It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots .
A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times
4. Which of the following sentences from the text BEST indicates that the teacher is very considerate?
A. In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, . . .” (Paragraph 2)
B. With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to. . . (Paragraph 4)
C. . . . , she still managed to look both helpful and interested. (Paragraph 4)
D. . . . , she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl. (Paragraph 4)
【参考答案】13.1-4 BADD
高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-----B
Reading poems is not exactly an everyday activity for most people. In fact, many people never read a poem once they get out of high school.
It is worth reminding ourselves that this has not always been the case in America. In the nineteenth century, a usual American activity was to sit around the fireside in the evening and read poems aloud. It is true that there was no television at the time, nor movie theaters, nor World Wide Web, to provide diversion. However, poems were a source of pleasure, of self-education, of connection to other people or to the world beyond one’s own community. Reading them was a social act as well as an individual one, and perhaps even more social than individual. Writing poems to share with friends and relations was, like reading poems by the fireside, another way in which poetry has a place in everyday life.
How did things change? Why are most Americans no longer comfortable with poetry, and why do most people today think that a poem has nothing to tell them and that they can do well without poems?
There are, I believe, three culprits(肇事者)：poets, teachers, and we ourselves. Of these, the least important is the third: the world surrounding the poem has betrayed us more than we have betrayed the poem. Early in the twentieth century, poetry in English headed into directions unfavorable to the reading of poetry. Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night, that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.
Poets failed the reader, so did teachers. They want their students to know something about the skills of a poem, they want their students to see that poems mean something. Yet what usually occurs when teachers push these concerns on their high school students is that young people decide poems are unpleasant crossword puzzles.
1. Reading poems is thought to be a social act in the nineteenth century because
.
A. it built a link among people B. it helped unite a community
C. it was a source of self-education D. it was a source of pleasure
答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第二段 “Reading them was a social act as well as an individual one, and perhaps even more social than individual. Writing poems to share with friends and relations was, ...”可知，在十九世纪读诗是一种社会行为，因为人们读诗写诗都是和朋友以及与自己有关的人分享，也就是说读诗在人们之间建立起一种联系，故答案为A。
2. The underlined word “diversion”(in Paragraph 2) most probably means “
”.
A. concentration B. change C. amusements D. stories
答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由第二段 “It is true that there was no television at the time, nor movie theaters, nor World Wide Web, to provide diversion. However, poems were a source of pleasure,…”可知，在十九世纪，没有电视机、电影院和宽带网，然而诗歌是快乐的源泉，因此可以推断，电视机、电影院和宽带网提供的是娱乐，故答案为C。
3. According to the passage, what is the main cause of the great gap between readers and poetry?
A. Students are becoming less interested in poetry.
B. Students are poorly educated in high school.
C. TV and the Internet are more attractive than poetry.
D. Poems have become difficult to understand.
答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由倒数第二段 “Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night, that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.”可知，读者与诗歌之间产生了鸿沟主要是因为诗歌很难读懂，故答案为D。
4. In the last paragraph, the writer questions
.
A. the difficulty in studying poems
B. the way poems are taught in school
C. students’ wrong ideas about poetry
D. the techniques used in writing poems
答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。最后一段的首句也就是该段的主题句 “Poets failed the reader, so did teachers.”，除了诗歌自身令读者难以理解外，教师也是一个因素。该段后面的内容对此句话进行了说明 “They want their students to know something about the skills of a poem, they want their students to see that poems mean something.” 教师想让学生知道诗歌的写作技巧，想让学生看到诗歌意味着某些东西。从作者的语气可以推断，作者对教师在学校里教授诗歌的方式进行了质疑。故答案为B。