4．it结构的疑问句 (1)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。 Was it you that broke the window? 是你把窗户打破了吗？ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你们英语吗？ (2)这种强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词就可。 Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是谁？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做的是什么？ How was it that you succeeded? 你是怎么成功的？
5．有时可用It might be … that … ，It must have been … that … 句型表示强调 It might be his father that you’re thinking of. 你关心的可能是他父亲。 It must have been his brother that you saw. 你看到的想必是他的兄弟。
6．在现代英语中，that/whom可省略 Was it in Nanjing(that) you first met him? 你是在南京第一次碰到他的吗？ It was my mother(whom) you saw the other day. 你几天前见到的是我妈妈。
7．这一强调句型可用于原因状语从句，当原因状语从句是as，since引导时，应改为because引导，但结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等不能用于这一强调句型 She missed the first bus since she got up late. →It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus.她因起晚了而误了第一班车。
8．使用这一强调句型时，需注意否定转移 Money
can’t buy everything. →It is not everything that money can buy. 钱不能买到一切。 He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. →It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.昨晚他12点才去睡觉。
9．用这一强调句型时，要注意以下几点 (1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。 (2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。 (3)如果被强调部分指人，并且作后面句中的宾语时，也可用whom代替who。 (4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特别是在口语中，在强调直接宾语或间接宾语、时间或地点状语时。
(5)如果被强调的主语为人称代词时，可用主格，也可用宾格形式。 (6)被强调部分通常不能用不定代词，除非其后还有定语。 (7)如果被强调部分在后面的句子中有定语时，要用whose引导后面的句子。 (8)在强调介词宾语时，介词常置于whom等之前(介词＋whom)，但也可把介词放在其宾语之前，或放在句末。
(9)如果强调的是主语时，that或who之后的谓语的人称和数要与被强调的主语保持一致，但在口语中的个别情况下，也可能遇到与it一致的现象。 (10)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语呼应或一致。 (11)这一句型通常不能用来强调由since，as，why，although，whereas等引导的从句。 Ⅰ.句型转换 1．I am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ______ who/that am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ________ ________ that I am enthusiastic about now. It is ________ that I am enthusiastic about playing football. 【答案】I；playing football；now
2．He succeeded in conducting the experiment under his teacher’s instructions. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that he succeeded in conducting the experiment. 【答案】under his teacher’s instructions
3．While watching the football game，they kept shouting at the top of their voices. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that they kept shouting at the top of their voices. 【答案】while watching the football game
4．What the professor said had a great effect on us. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that had a great effect on us. 【答案】what the professor said
Ⅱ.对画线部分进行强调 1．Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith in New Zealand. 【答案】It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. 2．Mark Twain spent much of his childhood along the Mississippi River. 【答案】It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
3．Only when I reread his poems recently，I began to appreciate their beauty. 【答案】It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 4．Not who is right but what is right is of importance. 【答案】It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
5．I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks. 【答案】It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common. 6．Because he was seriously ill，he didn’t come to school yesterday. 【答案】It was because he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday.
Ⅲ.对画线部分进行强调 1．Did he work where his father had studied? 【答案】Was it he who/that worked where his father had studied? Was it where his father had studied that he worked? 2．My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. 【答案】It was in the street that my mother met Tom yesterday.
3．He did not realize his mistakes until the plan was completely ruined. 【答案】It was not until the plan was completely ruined that he realized his mistakes. 4．I can’t quite remember when you started doing the work. 【答案】I can’t quite remember when it was that you started doing the work.
Ⅳ.根据提示翻译句子 1．正在打电话的是张教授。(强调主语) 【答案】It is Professor Zhang who is talking on the phone. 2．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的阳光。(强调宾语) 【答案】It is better food and more sunshine that the patient needs.
3．奥林匹克竞赛是从什么时候开始的？(强调时间状语) 【答案】When was it that the Olympic competition started? 4．第二十九届奥运会在中国举行。(强调地点状语) 【答案】It is in China that the 29th Olympic Games are held. 读写任务(四) 说明文的概括 一、说明文概括的写作指导 【例3】 请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 【阅读材料】 Which is an effective way for study? There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.Traditionally studying alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results.When studying alone，you can focus your mind better than when you are with others.You also have the freedom to choose what topic to study and when，as you don’t need the agreement of others.Students that prefer to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about nonstudy topics such as television or holidays. In the last few years，however，more and more students have started studying in groups.There are several reasons many students prefer this methods.First，they find that studying is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than staying in their rooms.In groups，they can discuss the subject together and when something is not understood they can ask each other questions.They can use the knowledge of their classmates to help their classmates to help improve their own knowledge.Finally by discussing the topic they are able to both understand and remember it better.
文章客观的语气与它所采用的对比写作方法都证明了它是说明文。文章客观地对比了两种学习方式的利弊，但是没有主观地把其中一个观点强加给读者，因为作者本人没有表达观点。两个观点的论据已经画线，由于内容比较散乱，我们要浓缩一下。我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。 学生样本1 This article talks about whether to study alone or study in groups.Both studying alone and studying in groups are having advantages and disadvantages of their own. 学生样本2 This paper discusses two ideas about how to study.On one hand，some students like studying alone，because they can use their time better.On the other hand，students like studying in groups because they can communicate with each other. 我们写说明文概括的时候，主题句最好瞄准说明的对象来突出写作目的，支撑句则说明对象有的特征补充被说明的对象。 两个样本的主题句都扣题，但不够深入，文章是主要比较了两种方法的好处。样本1与样本2的主题句差不多，但是它的支撑句太虚弱，没有说明各自的优点。因为“ … advantages and disadvantages of their own”过于简单，没有具体的内容。相反，样本2各自列举了“use their time better”和“ … communicate with each other”，虽然不够准确，但是给了我们具体的内容，这是它的优点。因此，样本1可以评2分，样本2可以评4分(5满分)。 【答案】 主题句——瞄准说明的对象 The article compares the benefits of studying alone with those of studying in groups. 支撑句——说明对象的特征 Studying alone allows students to remain focuses and avoid interruption，while group study creates a more enjoyable learning environment. Period 3 Grammar it用于强调句式 “It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”结构
it的用法(Ⅱ)
1．it结构概述 it用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分(通常为主语、宾语和状语)。 My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. →It was in the street that my mother met Tom. 我母亲就是在大街上遇到了汤姆。 2．it结构在句中的应用 (1)强调主语 It’s only I who am willing to go to the cinema. 想去看电影的只有我。 (2)强调宾语 It was her that I met yesterday. 我昨天见到的是她。 (3)强调状语 It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因为母亲病了她才没有去上班。
3．it结构的否定句 It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.(＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.) 我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。
二、写作练笔
完成对例题3 Which is an effective way for study？的概括。
主题句——瞄准说明的对象
支撑句——说明对象的特征