Unit5 The power of nature
1、appoint v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) A committee was appointed to consider the plans.
(2) Our school appointed a day in September for the opening ceremony.
根据语义找匹配
A. 任命，委派 B. 确定(时间、地点等)，约定
(1) A (2) B
appoint sb. to do sth. 任命 / 委派某人做某事
appoint sb. to sth. / as sth. 挑选某人做某工作或任某职位
appointment n. 任命，委派，约会，预约
appointee n. 被任命人， 被指定人
用appoint的适当形式填空
Rose was
appointed to act as secretary. Now she is making a(n) appointment with the manager of Marketing Department.
2、warn v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen.
(2)In the bus, we are_warned against pickpockets.
(3)They were warned_not_to climb the mountain in such bad weather.
(4)I had been warned_off visiting her while she was still unwell.
根据语义找匹配
A. 建议或劝告某人不要做某事 B. 通知某人离开或不要接触 C. 提醒，警告 D. 让某人警惕或提防某人某事
(1)C (2)D (3) A (4)B
warn sb. of sth. 警告 / 提醒某人某事
warn sb. about / against sb. / sth.
让某人警惕或提防某人 / 某事
warn sb. off sth. 通知某人离开或不要接触
warn sb. not to do sth. 建议或劝告某人不要做某事
advise / caution / warn
这些动词均有“劝告、忠告、警告”之意。
advise普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。
My English teacher advised me to listen more, read more and speak more.
caution主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意思。
I must caution you against the danger.
warn含义与caution相同，但语气较重，尤指重后果。
I warned them that there might be snakes in the woods.
完成句子
(1)The police are warning the motorists of possible delays.
(2)The doctor warned us against overtiring the patient.
(3)Some animals mark their territory to warn off rivals.
3、guarantee v. & n.
根据语境猜词义
(1)We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
(2)The bank will lend me money if my parents guarantee the loan.
(3)His turning up will guarantee the success of the meeting.
(4)This radio has a twoyear guarantee.
(5)I am afraid there is no guarantee of success.
(6)Are you willing to be a guarantee of your friends' good behavior.
根据语义找匹配
A. 保证，担保(n.) B. 担保(有法律责任的) C. 使……必然发生 D. 保证(v.) E. 保修期，质量保证书 F. 担保人
(1) D (2) B (3) C (4) E (5) A (6) F
guarantee sb. sth. 向某人担保或保证某事
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
under guarantee 在保修期内
a moneyback guarantee退货保证
pledge / guarantee / assurance这些名词均有“保证，担保”之意。
pledge普通用词，指严肃地承诺、信守原则，常以个人名誉作为承诺的保证。
They pledged never to tell the secret.
guarantee一般指以口头的、协定或合同的形式作为保证、担保，强调口头承诺，含违背许诺则予以补偿之意。
I can guarantee it's true. I saw it myself.
assurance指用语言保证以消除人们思想上的怀疑与担心。
Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed.
用guarantee的适当形式填空
(1)I have a ticket for you, which will guarantee you a free visit to the gym.
(2)You must have something guaranteed to borrow money from a bank.
(3)Your friend is a guarantee of your quality.
4、potential n. & adj.
根据语境猜词义
(1)The most perceptive of the three, she was the first to realize the potential danger of their situation.
(2)He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
根据语义找匹配
A. 潜力，可能性 B. 有潜力的，潜在的
(1) B (2) A
with potential 有潜力
have / show potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
achieve / fulfil / realize one's potential 发挥某人的潜力
potential benefit 潜在的好处
potential danger / risk / threat 潜在的危害
完成句子
You are a boy with (1) potential. Once it is (2) achieved / fulfilled / realized， your progress is great, and nobody will equal you in the school.
你是一个有潜力的人，一旦它发挥出来了，你的进步就会很大，在学校没有人能比得上你。
5、bathe vi.
根据语境猜词义
(1) I shall have a hot bath and go to bed.
(2) Your bath is ready.
(3) You may bathe after supper.
(4) The nurses were bathing the wound.
根据语义找匹配
A. 洗澡水 B. 洗澡(n.) C. 洗澡(v.) D. 用水洗，清洗
(1)B (2) A (3) C (4) D
bath n. 洗澡(水)
have / take a bath洗澡
be bathed in brilliant sunshine/light 沐浴在阳光中/光线中
be bathed in sweat大汗淋漓
用 bath 和bathe的适当形式填空
He prefers to release his pressure by playing basketball, (1) bathed in sweat, and then has a hot (2) bath. Everything is gone.
6、vary v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) My doctor said I should vary my diets more.
(2) Her mood seems to vary according to the weather.
(3) Test scores vary from school to school.
(4) The results of the experiment varied_widely.
根据语义找匹配
A. 从……到……之间变化 B. 改变，使发生变化 C. 大不相同 D. 因……而异
(1) B (2) D (3) A (4) C
vary from…to… 从……到……之间变化
vary widely / enormously / greatly / considerably 大不相同
vary slightly 差别不大
vary according to / depending on 因……而异
variety n.
变化，多样化，种类，品种
various adj. 各种各样的
change / vary / turn
change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
Her expression changed when she heard the news.
vary暗示不规则或断断续续地变。
She varied her dress as fashion changes.
turn指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗。
Caterpillars turned into butterflies.
根据vary的相关短语填空
(1)Culture varies from country to country.
(2)British English and American English vary slightly (差别不大).
(3)Charges vary according to / depending on size.
单项填空
()(4)Features such as height, weight, and skin color ______ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A. change
B. vary
C. alter
D. turn
7、make one's way
根据语境猜词义
(1) Can you tell me the_way to the library?
(2) Come_this_way,_please.
(3) Do you know the way of solving the problem?
(4) I will make_way home now.
根据语义找匹配
A. 这边走 B. 走，前进 C. 路 D. 方法
(1) C (2) A (3) D (4) B
by the way 顺便问/说/提一下
by way of 途径；通过……方法
in the way 妨碍，阻挡
in a way 在某种程度上
all the way 一路上；一直
anyway 无论如何/怎样
in no way 绝不
No way! 决不！
lead the way 带路，引路
show sb. the way 给某人指路
on one's way to 在某人去……的途中
on the way 即将来临
the other way round 相反，反过来
give way to sb. / sth. 让出，放弃，妥协
make way for sb. / sth. 让某人或某物通过，给某人或某物让路
单项填空
()(1) That's the way ______ I look at it.
A. that
B. in which
C.
/
D. All the above.
()(2) The Spring Festival is ______. We should get prepared for a celebration now.
A. in the way
B. by the way
C. on the way
D. under way
()(3) I don't think the way they thought ______ the problem is of great help.
A. to solve
B. of to solve
C. of solving
D. to of solving
8、Having collected and evaluated the information,
I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. (P34)
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
Having_failed to reach them on the phone，we sent an email, instead.
(1) Having done 是现在分词的完成式，在此句中作时间状语。现在分词作状语时，如果分词动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，就要用现在分词的完成式。如果分词动作与句子的主语之间是被动关系，则用 having been done，主动关系用having done。
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, his dad has to take some medicine with him whenever he goes.
(2) 分词的完成式having done不作宾补，不作定语，分词与不定式的区别主要体现在动作发生的时间上。
完成句子
(1)Having put on his gloves, the doctor began to do the operation.
戴上手套后，那位医生开始做手术了。
(2)Having finished her homework， she stopped to have a break.
写完作业后，她停下来休息。
(3)Hearing the news, the woman stood there, frightened.
听到这个消息，那位女士站在那儿，吓坏了。
9、I_was_about_to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(P34)
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
(1)He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
(2)The students were discussing heatedly when their teacher came in.
(3)I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much.
when 的含义为 and then, and just then或at that time, 意为“那时，恰在那时，就在那时”等。 when 前可用逗号，也可省略，常与suddenly等连用，以加强语气。表示“正在做某事时突然…… ”， when作并列连词主要有如下三种句型表达：
(1)was / were about to do… when… 正要做……忽然……
He was just about to stand up when he felt something moving near his feet. 他正要站起身来，忽然感到什么东西在他脚边蠕动。
(2)was / were doing…when… 正在做……忽然……
We were watching TV when suddenly the light went out.
我们正在看电视，灯突然熄灭了。
(3)hardly…when… 还没 (刚刚)……就…… 短语中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
A few students of our school had hardly arrived back when they were isolated. 我们学校的几名学生刚刚回来就被隔离了。
完成句子
(1)I was about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me. 我正要去游泳，这时我们的导游看见了并对着我喊叫。
(2)I was talking to Lucy when Lily cut in. 我正在和Lucy谈话时，突然被Lily打断。
(3)The boys had hardly played basketball long when the bell rang.这些男生刚刚打篮球上课铃就响了。
() 1. (2010·天津)My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A. by
B. on
C. for
D. against
Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be_warned_to_leave their houses.(P34)
D warn sb. against doing sth. 意为“警告某人不要做某事”。
() 2. (2010·湖南)Dina, ______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling
B. struggled
C. having struggled
D. to struggle
C 考查非谓语动词。分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。
Having_swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy.(P39)