Unit1 Friendship
词汇复习：
1、add vi.&vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1) Their debt added_up_to
more than 100,000 yuan.
(2) His absence added_to the difficulties to solve the problem.
(3) Please add some sweet to the milk to make it more delicious.
(4) He added that the importance to rid the world of hunger should be emphasized.
(5) Add your scores up and we'll see who won.
根据语义找匹配
A. 补充说 B. 增加，增添
C. 把……加到……上；往……添加……
D. 总计达 E. 合计； 加起来
(1) D (2) B (3) C (4) A (5)Ecome to ＝ add up to
added adj. 额外的；附加的；增添的
addition n. 除此之外； 另外in addition (to) 除此之外The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes software freely available.
该公司提供廉价的互联网接入服务。此外，它还推出免费的共享软件。
In addition to his movie work, Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes.
除了电影事业外，雷福德还是知名的环保斗士。根据语境用add的适当短语填空
The president said it was not easy to manage a company, (1) adding(补充说) that the financial crisis (2) added to(增加) the difficulties. However, the dormitory for the workers must (3) be added to (扩建) and they would (4) add a toilet to(把……加到……) each room. The week before, he (5) added up(把……加起来) all the expenses and the total (6) added up to(加起来的总和是，共计) more than 100,000 yuan.
2、concern vt.&n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) One of the concerns that people have is that teenagers surf the Internet too much.
(2) In her last days, she expressed concern for the poor students.
(3) This study concerns the matter of English study.
(4) Issues like food additives do concern me.
根据语义找匹配
A.与……有关；关于
B. 担心 C. 使……担心 D. 关切
(1) B (2) D (3) A (4) C
concerned adj. 有关的； 忧虑的
concerning prep. 关于；有关；涉及show concern about/for 担心，关心，挂念
have no concern for毫不关心
concern oneself about/ for 关心……；为……担忧
concern oneself with 从事；参与
be concerned about/over/for 关心； 挂念
be concerned with/in 与……有关；涉及as far as…is concerned 就……而言 (主要用于发表个人意见，常用在写作中，以发表自己的见解，可以代替I think)
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them.
就我而言，我愿意团队合作，这就能为我提供学习与他人如何相处，如何分享的机会。根据语境用concern的恰当短语填空
Besides doing his research work, Professor Wang (1) concerns himself with/in or is concerned with/in (从事)social work. For example, he (2) shows concern about/for or is concerned about/for (关心)world peace and human progress. He also made it clear that his research work should (3) be concerned with or concern (与……有关)the farmers' income because (4) as far as he is concerned (就他而论), to increase the farmers' income is of greater importance than anything else.
3、suffer vt.&vi.
根据语境猜词义
(1) His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
(2) The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
(3) He is suffering from a bad cold.
(4) I can't suffer what you said. Shut up!根据语义找匹配
A.患……病
B. 遭受；蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、损失等)
C. 因……而受损失 D. 容忍
(1) C (2) B (3) A (4) Dsuffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者；患者
suffer from 受……苦；患……(病)suffer for 为……而受苦
suffer 与suffer from 都没有被动语态，也不存在其过去分词充当状语或定语之类的情况。 单项填空
()(1) ______ heart attack for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Being suffered from
D. Having suffered from D 考查suffer的搭配与非谓语动词的用法。由于suffer不用于被动语态，所以先排除其过去分词及现在分词的被动式的用法，即排除答案A和C。由于其宾语位置上的名词是疾病名称，所以要与from连用，故答案是D。()(2) To some life means pleasure, but to others______.
A. suffer
B. suffering
C. sufferings
D. sufferedB 考查suffer的词性变化。根据命题特点，它是一个承前省略句，其选项部分应是句子的宾语，所以答案应是名词，故答案为B。
4、calm vt. & adj.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He remained calm in the time of danger.
(2) Charlie tried his best to calm the frightened boy.
(3) A ship is lying on the calm sea, sleeping. 根据语义找匹配
A.风平浪静；无风的；(海洋、湖泊等)平静的
B. 使平静；使安静；安抚
C. 镇静的；沉着的
(1) C (2) B (3) Acalm down镇静；平静
calm sb. down使某人镇静 calm/quiet/still/silent
calm 指无风浪或人的心情平静
quiet 指环境安静，不吵闹
still 指没有运动或动作的状态
silent 指不做声，不讲话 用calm/quiet/still/silent填空
(1) Please keep still still while I take your photograph.
(2) Still waters run deep.
(3) “B” is a silent letter in “doubt”.
(4) You‘d better be silent about what happened.
(5) The street is quiet at deep night.
(6) The sea was calm.
(1) still still指“一动不动”的静。
(2) Still 静水流深，大智若愚。
(3)－(4) silent silent指“不发音”或“不说话”保持沉默的静。
(5) quiet quiet指自然界的宁静或指人不激动、不兴奋的静。
(6) calm calm指海、湖面无风浪的静或指心境的镇定、冷静。猜猜After a storm comes a calm. 的含义。
其字面意思是：暴风雨过后便是宁静。引申为：雨过天晴；柳暗花明。
5、go through
根据语境猜词义
(1)He'd gone_through all his money by the end of the first week of his holiday.
(2)These countries have gone_through too many wars.
(3)She went_through her pockets and in the end found the keys.
(4)You have to go_through some formalities (手续) if you want to enter our school. 根据语义找匹配
A. 履行
B. 经历，经受 C. 仔细检查
D. 用完
(1) D (2) B (3) C (4) Ago against 违背
go abroad 出国；去海外
go ahead (交际用语。用于鼓励对方去说、去做)说吧！做吧！
go all out to do sth. 全力以赴地做某事
go away 离开
go back to 回到……；追溯到
go far 大有前途
go too far 太过分
go in for 爱好；从事；参与
go on 继续
go over 复习；批改go up (水的)上升；(价格的)上涨
go with 与……匹配
at one go 一下子；一举
be on the go 十分活跃； 非常忙碌
make a go of ＝ succeed in sth. 在……获得成功
have a go at sb. ＝ scold sb. 指责某人
have a go on sth. ＝ have a try on sth. 尝试某事get through 完成；通过；接通(电话)；花费
look through 浏览；仔细检查；往……里面看
come through 安然度过(疾病；危机等)
live through 活过来单项填空
()(1) The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they ______ his bag, but found nothing.
A. looked up
B. turned in
C. searched for
D. went throughD 考查动词短语的语义辨析。look up 抬头看，仰望； turn in上交； search for 搜寻； go through 经历；仔细检查。根据语境：警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此他们就仔细地检查他的包，但什么也没找到。所以答案是D。()(2) Although he had ______ through a lot, he didn't ______ through his job on time.
A. looked; go
B. got; go
C. gone; get
D. got; comeC 考查动词短语的语义辨析。look through 浏览，仔细看； go through 经历； get through 完成； come through安然度过。根据语境：尽管他历尽千辛万苦，但还是没按时做完他的工作。所以答案为C。
6、set down
根据语境猜词义
(1) I have set_down everything that happened, exactly as I remember it.
(2) The bus sets the children down just outside the school gate.
根据语义找匹配
A. 放下；停车让乘客下车
B. 记下；写下
(1) B (2)Aset about 着手做……；开始做……
set apart 使……分开；留出
set aside 把……置于一边；不顾
set off 动身；出发；引爆
set out 动身；出发；阐明； 着手做……；开始做……(1)你知道这些动词与down连用时的语义吗？
put down; take down; break down；cut down; let down；keep down
put down 放下，记下； take down 摘下； break down (机器)坏了；(人)累垮；cut down 砍伐(树木)；削减； let down使……失望； keep down 压抑(感情)；使(经费)不增加。(2)set about与set out都有“着手做……；开始做……”的意思，你知道它们的区别吗？
set about中的about是介词，其后接v.ing形式；而set out则需要接to do。
7、be tired of
根据语境猜词义
Although English is hard to learn, I'm not tired_of it. On the contrary, I'm interested in it. 根据语义找匹配：A. 厌烦；讨厌 B. 疲惫
A
be tired of 讨厌……
be tired from 因……而疲惫
be tired out 筋疲力尽tire v. (使……)疲劳；(使……)疲倦
tired adj. 疲倦的；困倦的；厌倦的；陈旧的
tiring adj. 令人疲劳的； 令人厌烦的
tiresome adj. 令人疲劳的； 令人厌烦的根据语境语义用恰当的介词或副词填空
I'm tired from the travel and I'm tired out， so I'm tired of travel. 8、get along with
根据语境猜词义
(1) How are you getting_along_with your study?
(2) He is easy to get_along_with. 根据语义找匹配：A. 与……相处
B. 进展
(1) B (2) A
get about 四处走动；传开
get across 传达；使……理解
get along/on (with) 进展，相处
get away 逃脱，设法离开
get back 恢复；回来；收回
get down 记下；下来；下车；使……忧愁
get down to doing sth. 开始认真干某事
get in 收割；进入；被录取
get off 出发；下车
get on 上车
get out 泄露；逃离
get over 克服，成功应付；复原
get together 聚会；收集
get up 起床；组织，筹划
根据语境语义用恰当的介词或副词填空
(1)Don't get down the bus until it has stopped.
(2)I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't get through.
(3)Readers can get along very smoothly without knowing the exact meaning of each word while reading newspapers.
9、While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)
遛狗时，你太粗心，狗扣松了而被车撞了。
While walking the dog我们把它称之为“连接词＋非谓语动词”，根据现代语法理论，其非谓语动词的选择不受连接词的限定，而是根据主语与其关系，即主动，用v.ing形式；被动，用v.ed形式；如果非谓语动词后有介词能构成 “be ＋ 过去分词＋介词”句式的，就用v.ed形式。单项填空
()(1) I won't go to the party unless______.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. to invite
D. invite
A 考查“连接词＋ 非谓语动词”的用法。invite与主语I是被动关系，用过去分词，所以答案是A。 ()(2) (2009·湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired
C 考查“连接词＋ 非谓语动词”的用法。因非谓语动词后有介词能构成 “be ＋tired＋from”句式，用过去分词，所以答案是C。10、…one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in_order_to have a good look at the moon by myself. (P2)
在某个温馨之夜，为了能一个人好好地看看月亮，我故意不睡直到十一点半。in order to 所表达的是目的状语，表示“为了……”之意。其否定式是in order not to do sth.，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。
In order to catch up with his classmate as soon as possible, he works even harder.
为了能尽快地赶上同学，他学习更加刻苦了。
He set out early in the morning in order not to miss the early bus.
为了不错过早班车，他一大早就动身了。 (1) in order that 与so that 引导的是目的状语从句，在现代英语中，in order that 与so that没有太大的区别，但so that还可以引导结果状语从句。
He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting in order that/so that everyone present could hear him. (目的状语从句)他在会上声嘶力竭地喊着以便所有在场的人都能听到。
He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting, so that everyone present heard him. (结果状语从句)他在会上声嘶力竭地喊着结果所有在场的人都听到了。根据括号中的汉语提示完成下列句子
(1) We must make the polluted water clean in order that it doesn't make the river polluted (为了不使河流受到污染)．
(2) We work hard in order to pass the entrance exam/in order that we can pass the entrance exam (为了能通过入学考试)．(2) in order that与in order to do sth.的关系
当主从复合句中的前后主语一致时，我们才可以使用in order to do sth.句式，如题(2)；否则必须使用主从复合句，如题(1)。in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth. / so…as to
in order to do sth. 既可位于句首，也可位于句中；
so as to do sth.不能放在句首；
to do sth.不用于否定概念。
In order to / To keep up with his classmates, he studies hard.
He studies hard in order not to / so as not to fall behind.
so…as to只表示结果，表示“到某种程度以至于……”，否定形式为so…as not to。so后面接形容词或副词。运用以上短语完成下面的情景
After a day's hardworking, we went to bed early. We were (1) so (2) as to fall asleep as soon as our heads touch the pillows. (3) In order to finish the construction in time, we made up our minds to work 12 hours a day, which is (4) such a tough job (5) that we felt it hard to hold on. Our boss employed another 2 workers yesterday, (6) so that tired we could have a better rest.
你知道当in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth.结构同时出现在选项中，选哪个最保险吗？在书面表达中，表示目的我们用哪个最不出错误呢？
in order to do sth.是表示目的的万能句式，它既能放到句首，又能放在句尾，还能构成否定式，所以使用它是最没问题的。
11、I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut. (P2)
我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。
(1) until既是介词又是连接词
I'll wait for him until midnight. (介词)
I'll wait for him until he comes back. (连接词)(2)主句是否定句的运用(注意句意变化)
We discussed it until the manager came.
我们一直讨论到经理来。
We didn't discuss it until the manager came.
直到经理来我们才讨论。
We didn't stop working until the manager came.
直到经理来我们才停止工作。当until意为“直到……才”时，主句就要用否定句，而不是依据主句的动词是否是延续性动词。当主句是延续性动词时，主句用肯定句，其意思是：主句的动作一直延续到从句动词所发生的动作为止；而使用否定句时，则表示从句的动作发生时，主句的动作才开始发生。
(3)until后的时态问题
由于until引导的是时间状语从句，所以它的一般将来时用一般现在时代替；过去将来时用一般过去时代替；将来完成时用现在完成时代替。
He had left his key in the office. He had to wait until his wife came.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
(4) 这一句式的倒装问题
Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.
It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.
当not until在句首时，其主句应当使用倒装句；而强调句则不倒装。
12、…it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face… (P2)
……这是我一年半来第一次目睹夜晚……
It/This is/was the first/second time that＋主语＋完成时，表示“某人第一/第二次做某事”。
其完成时的选择依据主句的be动词是was，从句的谓语用过去完成时had done；主句的be动词是is，从句的谓语用现在完成时have done；主句的be动词是will be，从句的谓语用将来完成时will have done。
— Can you tell me the way to the station?
— Sorry, I'm a stranger here. This is the first time I have come here. 你知道这一句型与“It's high/ about time (that)＋ 从句”的区别吗？在下列例句中体会。
It's the first time that I have gone to the school.
It's high time that I went to the school.
“It's the first time that＋从句”句型中从句的时态是完成时，而“It's high/ about time (that)＋ 从句”句型中从句的时态是一般过去时或should do sth. 。1. (2010·全国Ⅱ) Though______to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising
B. was surprised
C. surprised
D. being surprised While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)
C 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词surprise与主语形成了the professor was surprised to do sth.句式，所以使用v.ed形式，因此答案为C。()2. (2010·江西)Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A. did he begin
B. had he begun
C. he began
D. he had begunI didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut. (P2)
A 考查倒装句。not until放在句首要用部分倒装形式， begin发生在left之后或同时发生。3. (2009·陕西)This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see
B. had seen
C. saw
D. have seen …it was the first time in a year and a half that_I'd_seen the night face to face… (P2)
D 考查动词时态。the＋序数词＋time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，由参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，选D。