2017高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修五 Unit5　First aid

　　Unit5　First aid

　　1、aid n. & v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) The local community aided us in our investigation.

　　(2) He should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary.

　　(3) A video is a useful aid in the classroom.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 帮助，救助，支援 (v.) B. 帮助，救助，援助 (n. ) C. 有辅助作用的事物 (n. )

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) C

　　aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

　　aid sb. in / with…… 在某方面帮助某人

　　give / offer /

　　carry out first aid 进行急救

　　go / come to one's aid 援助某人

　　with the aid of sb. ＝with one's aid 在某人的帮助下

　　in aid of 为帮助……

　　first aid 急救

　　aid / help / assist

　　aid 正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，着重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。

　　assist 强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。

　　help 最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。

　　用 assist / help / aid的适当形式填空

　　(1)Can you do the job alone, or do you want someone to assist / help / aid you?

　　(2)She helped him choose some new clothes.

　　(3)An old­fashioned kind of hearing aid was called an ear trumpet.

　　(4)Poole walked painfully, with the aid / help of a stick.

　　(5)Winston got a job as assistant manager at Wal­Mart.

　　(6)It helped a lot to know that someone understood how I felt.

　　(7)Some of the guests assisted / helped / aided with the preparation of the food.

　　2、bleed v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) He was bled for every penny he had.

　　(2) Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.

　　(3) He was slowly bleeding to death.

　　(4) We'll never forget those who bled for the revolution.

　　(5) My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.

　　(6)

　　Wash it in cold water so the colors don't bleed.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 出血，流血了　B. 为国家、正义等流血、牺牲　C. (对人)勒索、敲诈钱财　D. 为……感到难过　E. (颜色)渗开　F. 抽取释放(空气或液体)

　　(1) C　(2) F　(3) A　(4) B　(5) D

　　(6) E

　　bleed for… (为事业、祖国)负伤或牺牲；难过

　　bleed sb. (for sth.) 向某人勒索(钱财等)

　　bleed to death 流血过多而死

　　blood n.

　　血，血液

　　bloody adj. 血染的，出血的

　　运用bleed的适当形式或相关短语填空

　　I noticed a boy whose nose was (1) bleeding and the (2) blood had made his clothes(3) bloody. “What's wrong with your nose？” I asked worriedly. He told me that he was (4) bled for money but he was penniless and got beaten. My heart (5) bled for the poor child and took him to the nearest hospital.

　　3、variety n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) People like to live a life full of variety.

　　(2) He has a_variety of interests.

　　(3) Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety.

　　根据语义找匹配：

　　A. 种种　B. 多样化，变化　C. 种类

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　a variety of / varieties of 各种各样的；种种的

　　a wide variety of 各种各样的

　　a kind of 一种……

　　all kinds of 各种各样的…… the variety of ……的种类

　　vary from… 和……不同

　　vary in… 在……方面不同

　　vary with… 随着……变化

　　various adj. 各种各样的

　　vary v. 不同

　　运用various的适当形式或相关短语填空

　　In the past, (1) the variety of vegetables (2) varied with the season. However, we can buy (3) various vegetables in the market these days. Although they widely (4) vary in price and quality, all customers can find (5) a variety of vegetables they like because personal taste (6) varies from one to another.

　　4、vital adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He committed a vital error.

　　(2)The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance.

　　(3)His vital attitude makes us happy.

　　(4)Growth and decay are vital processes.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 生命的；维持生命所必需的

　　B. 极其重要的，不可缺少的

　　C. 生动活泼的，充满朝气的

　　D. 致命的，有关生死的

　　(1) D　(2) B　(3) C　(4) A

　　be vital to / for…对……极为重要

　　It's vital to do sth. 做某事极其重要

　　It‘s vital that… ……至关重要

　　(should＋动词原形，should可省略)

　　vitality n.

　　生命力，活力，热情

　　vitally adv. 极其，绝对

　　单项填空

　　()It's vital ______ at least a foreign language at college.

　　A. that you will master

　　B. you master

　　C. for you master

　　D. to master

　　5、pour v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)She poured herself another cup of tea.

　　(2)They have poured money into the tourist industry.

　　(3)Tears were pouring down her face.

　　(4)The thunder and lightning stopped，but it continued to pour.

　　(5)She often pours her troubles to friends.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 倒，灌，注　B. 倾注；大量投入；大量生产　C. 倾吐，诉说　D. 倾泻，涌流　E. (雨)倾盆而降

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) D　(4) E　(5) C

　　pour…into 朝……里面倒……

　　pour sb. water / wine 给某人倒水 /

　　酒

　　pour (down) 雨水如注，倾盆大雨

　　pour into / out of 涌进 /

　　涌出

　　pour cold water on sth. 给……泼冷水

　　运用pour的适当形式填空

　　I was (1) pouring out of the train together with other passengers, but it was (2) pouring cats and dogs outside. Seeing so many people (3) pouring into the waiting hall, I felt this really (4) poured cold water on my plan to attend my teacher's birthday party on time.

　　6、treat v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) We'll treat you to dinner.

　　(2) Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.

　　(3) The book treats some political problems.

　　(4) The doctors were not able to treat this disease.

　　(5) This substance must be treated with acid.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 对待；看待，把……看作　B. 处理；为……涂上保护层　C. 探讨；论述　D. 医疗，治疗　E. 款待，请(客)　F. 请客　G. 难得的乐事

　　(1) E　(2) A　(3) C　(4) D　(5) B

　　treat/think of/regard/look on/consider/view…as…

　　把……当作……看

　　treat…with… 用……来处理……

　　treat with sb. 与某人谈判， 与某人交涉， 与某人交易

　　treat sb. to sth. 请某人某物

　　treat of 论述，处理

　　treat oneself to sth. 破费，舍得

　　treat sb. white [美]正直、诚恳地对待某人

　　Dutch treat 各人自己付钱的聚餐

　　It is a great treat for sb. to do sth.

　　做某事对某人而言是一大乐事

　　treatment n.

　　对待；待遇； 处理；论述； 治疗， 疗法

　　完成句子

　　(1)She treat me as / like one of her family.

　　她把我当家人来看待。

　　(2)The prisoners were all well treated by their guards.

　　囚犯受到卫兵很好地对待。

　　(3)She treated each of the children to an ice cream.

　　她请每个孩子吃了一个冰激凌。

　　(4)The cut is no longer bleeding and is starting to heal.

　　伤口已不流血，渐渐愈合了。

　　(5) The doctors have not found out the cure for the AIDS.

　　目前仍没有治愈艾滋病的良药。

　　7、apply v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.

　　(2)We should apply both theories in the language classroom.

　　(3)This rule can not be applied to every case.

　　(4)He applied himself to learning French.

　　(5)He has applied for a post in England.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 应用；实施　B. 申请，请求　C. 涂，敷；将……铺在表面　D. 使起作用；使适用　E. 使致力(于)，使专心从事

　　(1) C　(2) A　(3) D　(4) E　(5) B

　　apply to 应用

　　apply for 申请

　　apply oneself to… 勤奋，专心于……

　　application n.

　　申请，申请书，应用

　　applied adj. 应用的，实用的

　　applicant n.

　　申请者，投保人

　　用apply的适当形式填空

　　In order to further my study abroad, I have (1) applied four universities for postgraduate study. I believe if I (2) apply myself， I can make it. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. I hope it can (3) apply to me.

　　8、pressure n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) He works well under pressure.

　　(2)These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.

　　(3)The small box was flattened by the pressure_of the heavy book on it.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 压；按；挤；榨　B. 压力；压迫；紧迫；催促　C. 困扰；艰难

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　under the pressure of 在……的压力下，为……所逼

　　be / come under pressure 受到压力，在压力之下

　　put pressure on sb. 对……施加压力

　　8、pressure n.

　　press n.

　　报刊；资讯界；记者们；通讯社； 资讯舆论；报刊评论 v. 按，压，挤； 熨平(衣服); 催促；催逼；强迫；(极力)劝说

　　单项填空

　　()Life is tough. In order to lose their __________， some people drink alcohol.

　　A. temper

　　B. mood

　　C. consciousness

　　D. pressure

　　D　生活很不容易。许多人为了缓解压力而喝酒。 lose pressure缓解压力。lose one's temper发脾气；mood心境；情绪； consciousness意识。

　　9、fall ill

　　生病

　　根据语境感悟其用法

　　(1)She had to stay home because her son fell_ill.

　　(2)He had the misfortune to fall_ill on the day of the examination.

　　fall ill/sick 病了

　　fall asleep 入睡

　　fall silent 沉默

　　fall lame 变瘸了

　　fall off 跌落

　　fall behind 落后

　　fall down 掉下；倒塌

　　fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上

　　fall off 脱落；减少；从……掉下

　　fall in love with… 爱上……

　　fall into the habit of… 养成……的习惯

　　fall from a tree 从树上掉下

　　fall ill / be ill

　　fall ill 表示一种动作，生病，而be ill 表示一种生病的状态，可以和延续的时间状语连用。类似的用法还有：fall in love / be in love；get married / be married。

　　用fall的短语填空

　　(1)

　　He fell ill because of the bad news.

　　因为这个坏消息他病倒了。

　　(2) The boy fell off the wall and hurt his right leg.

　　那个孩子从墙上掉下来伤着了右腿。

　　(3) He didn't want to fall behind others in his studies.

　　他不想在学习上落后于别人。

　　10、over and over again 反复；再三

　　根据语境感悟其用法

　　(1)I've told you over_and_over_again,_don't play soccer near the windows.

　　(2)The only way to learn the lines is to say it to yourself over_and_over_again.

　　over again 再次；重新

　　over and over 一再地；反复地

　　again and again 反复地；再三

　　once again 再次

　　time and again 多次；一再地

　　time after time 多次；不断地

　　time and time again 一次次地

　　now and again＝(every) now and then 时而；有时；不时

　　翻译句子

　　因为他不懂，所以我必须反复说许多遍。

　　He didn't understand, so I had to say it over and over again.

　　11、in place

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) I'm afraid your proposal is not quite in_place.

　　(2) When you've finished, please put the book back in_place on the shelf.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 在平常的或应在的地方　B. 合适的

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　out of place 不在平常的或应在的位置；不合适

　　in place of sb. / sth. ；in one's / sth.'s place；take the place of 代替某人 / 物

　　in the first / second place 首先 / 其次

　　in my / your place 处于我的 / 你的处境 / 情况

　　be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了

　　be in/out of control 正常/失控

　　be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险

　　give place to 为……取代；让位于

　　运用place的适当短语填空

　　(1) You can use wood in place of coal.

　　你可以用木柴代替煤。

　　(2) Cotton is taking the place of silk.

　　棉花要取代丝绸。

　　(3) Your proposal is quite in place.

　　你的提议很恰当。

　　(4) Cars were out of place after the flood.

　　洪水过后，汽车被冲得乱七八糟。

　　12、make a difference有影响，起(重要)作用

　　根据语境感悟其用法

　　(1)The rain didn't make_much_difference to the game.

　　(2)Your age shouldn't make_any_difference to whether you get the job or not.

　　(3)Changing schools made_a_big_difference to my life.

　　(4)What difference will it make if he knows or not?

　　make a /

　　no /

　　some difference (to / in )(sb. / sth.)

　　(对某人 / 物)有 / 没有 / 有些作用、关系、影响

　　make all the difference to sb. / sth.

　　对某人 / 物关系重大；大不相同

　　A and B differ from each other　A 和B有区别

　　A differs from B　A不同于B

　　differ with sb. (about / on / over sth. ) 和某人在某事上有不同意见

　　be different from和……不同

　　be different in 在……方面有差异

　　the difference between A and B in C　A 和B在C方面的差异

　　tell the difference between 分清……

　　It makes no difference to do sth. 做某事无所谓 / 不重要 / 没意义

　　It doesn't make any difference whether / what / how / when…

　　是否 / 什么 / 怎样 / 何时……不重要、没意义

　　根据汉语意思完成句子

　　(1)I don't think it makes a lot of / any difference what colour it is.

　　我认为颜色无关紧要。

　　(2)A few kind words at the right time make all difference.

　　在适当的时候说几句体贴的话效果迥然不同。

　　(3)There isn't any difference in structure between the two machines.

　　这两部机器在构造方面没什么差别。

　　(4)The sentence doesn't make sense.

　　这个句子完全讲不通。

　　(5)I cannot make sense of that painting.

　　我看不懂那幅画。

　　13、So as you can imagine, if your skin gets_burned it can be very serious. (P33)

　　因此你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，那会是很严重的。

　　根据语境感悟其用法

　　(1)James got_beaten last night.

　　(2)How did that window get_opened?

　　(3)Cleaning women in big cities usually get_paid by the hour.

　　get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，强调动作。常见于以下两种情况：

　　(1)谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。

　　The boy got hurt on his way home from school.

　　(2)谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事，此时说话者常含有较强的感情色彩。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义。句中有时用in the end, finally, eventually, at last和some day等和谓语动词一起连用，表示经过一定的困难或一段时间的等待后终于做成某事。

　　Eventually the story got translated into English.

　　get作系动词，表示状态的变化(即动作的结果)。如：get angry, get nervous; 而系动词be仅表示一种实际存在的状态。试比较：

　　Many students got interested in English. (原本没有兴趣，后来有了。)

　　Many students are interested in English. (本来就有兴趣。)

　　另外，get的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。

　　如：Our life is getting better and better.

　　“get ＋ 过去分词”/“be ＋ 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别

　　(1)前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。

　　(2)前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态。

　　My cup got broken yesterday.

　　My cup was broken yesterday.

　　(3)前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义。

　　Mary got married two years ago.

　　Mr. Li was considered as a good teacher.

　　(4)与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数单个动词或动词短语，如： break, catch, burn, drown, wound, kill, pay, marry, damage, punish, invite, repair, run over等。

　　用get 的词组填空

　　(1)We will find ways to get over difficulties.

　　(2)The story has got round， and everyone knows about it.

　　(3)When I get through　with the report, I'll go to the cinema.

　　(4)After a delicious meal the two men got down to　business.

　　(5)Don't always get in a word when others are speaking.

　　(6)It took me a long time to get over such an unpleasant experience.

　　(7)Did your speech get across to the crowd?

　　(8)How's your son get along with his English?

　　(9)Have you get back the book you lent him?

　　(10)Farmers are busy getting in crops in the fields now.

　　14、For second degree burns, keep_cloths_cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water. (P34)

　　在第二等级的烧伤中，要让布保持冷却，可以通过把布放回一盆冷水中的方式。

　　(1) This coat will keep you warm.

　　(2) Her illness kept her in bed for a week.

　　(3) They kept their marriage a_secret.

　　(4) The window was kept_locked.

　　(5) She kept me waiting for half an hour.

　　“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构含义为“使……怎么样”，宾补部分是对宾语的补充说明，可以由形容词、副词、名词、分词和介词短语来充当。keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。表示“使役”常见的动词有：have, make, let, get, keep, leave。其中have,

　　make,

　　let 可以用省去to的不定式作宾补(但被动的时候要加上to)，get 也可用不定式作宾补，形式为：get sb. to do sth. 。

　　keep back 阻止，落在后面

　　keep…out (of)使……在外，不让……入内

　　keep away 不接近，避开

　　keep…from 阻止，抑制，避免于

　　keep off 让开，不接近

　　keep up 坚持，继续，保持，(斗争)不低落

　　keep up with 跟上，赶上，不落后于

　　keep in touch with 与……保持联络

　　keep to 不离开，遵守

　　keep sb. company 陪伴某人

　　根据中文提示完成句子

　　(1)He always keeps his books in good order.

　　他总是把书放得整整齐齐。

　　(2)Her illness kept her in bed for a week.

　　她因为生病躺了一个星期。

　　(3)We'll keep you informed， as soon as we get the news.

　　一有消息，我们会通知你的。

　　(4)Keep the fire burning.

　　别把火灭了。

　　15、There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. (P38)

　　毫无疑问，约翰的快速反应能力和他在学校学到的急救知识救了Ms Slade的命。

　　(1) There_is_no_doubt_that they will agree with you on this matter.

　　(2) There_is_no_doubt_that we will be successful.

　　There is no doubt about sth./that­从句意为“毫无疑问……”。在此句型中，doubt作为名词用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。此外，doubt作名词用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。此时不可以用if替换whether。如：He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.

　　There is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. 没有必要干某事

　　There is no possibility / hope ＋that… 不可能 / 没有希望干……

　　There is no use / harm / fun / difficulty /

　　point (in) doing sth. 干……没有用处 / 没有害处 / 没有乐趣 / 没有困难 / 没有意义

　　改错

　　(1)There is some doubt that the young man can undertake such an important task.

　　(2)There is no doubt if the evidence available is favorable for us.

　　(3)As far as I see, there is no possibility he will win the tennis match this time.

　　(1) 把that 改为whether　(2) 把if 改为that　(3) 在possibility后加上that

　　() 1. (2009·全国Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.

　　A. being run

　　B. run

　　C. to run

　　D. running

　　D　考查“keep ＋宾语＋宾补”的用法。句意 “他们使用计算机是为了让交通运转更加顺畅”，其中the traffic 是宾语，与run (运转)构成了主动关系，故选择running。

　　For second degree burns, keep_cloths_cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water. (P34)

　　() 2. (2009·安徽) ______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.

　　A. It has

　　B. They have

　　C. It remains

　　D. There remains

　　D　考查remain 作系动词以及doubt 的用法。句意：“人们对这个项目的实际价值仍有疑问。”there's a doubt that…“有一个疑问……”，remain 有系动词的用法，这里可以取代be动词，故选择D。

　　There_is_no_doubt_that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. (P38)