2017高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修三 Unit5　Canada — “The True North”

　　Unit5　Canada — “The True North”

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)She took part in a TV quiz show and won the first prize.

　　(2)The teacher gave us a 5­minute quiz.

　　1、quiz (pl. quizzes) n.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 测验　B. 问答比赛、知识竞赛

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　quiz/test/exam

　　quiz 指事先没准备，随时进行的问答或小测验。也指广播或电视中的知识竞赛。

　　Please take out of paper. We will have a quiz.

　　test 指非正式的考试或测试，以达到某种标准。有“考查”之意。

　　After ten months of hard work, he has passed the driving test.

　　exam 通常指正式的“考试”，如期终考试、入学考试、毕业考试或取得某种资格的考试。

　　We will take an exam for admission to college in June of this year.

　　单项填空

　　()We have a ______ at the end of each month and an ______ once a year, but we will have a ______ in class a little now and a little then.

　　A. test; exam; quiz

　　B. test; test; exam

　　C. quiz; test; exam

　　D. exam; test; quiz

　　A　考查有关“考试”的几个词的语义辨析。 句意是：我们每月进行一次测试，每年一次考试，但不时地在课堂上进行小测验。exam非常正式的“考试”；test测试以达到某种标准；quiz事先没准备，随时进行的问答或小测验。

　　2、chat n．&v.

　　根据语境感悟其用法

　　(1)vi. 聊天、闲聊 (唠嗑、侃大山、摆龙门阵)，常与 about/on连用。

　　After school, they will often get together to chat_about everything.

　　放学后，他们经常会聚在一起谈天说地。

　　Don't you think chatting_on QQ in a chatting room is rather boring?

　　你不觉得在QQ的聊天室里聊天很无聊吗？

　　(2) n. 闲谈、聊天

　　I'd like to_have_a_chat about old times with an old friend of mine.

　　我想和我的一个老友叙叙旧。

　　have a chat with sb. about sth. 与某人聊某事

　　talk/chat

　　talk 比较正式、庄重。 有“会谈、谈判、会晤”之意。

　　The top leaders of the two nations will have a friendly talk in Beijing in May.

　　chat 非正式，比较随便、没有固定主题。有“闲聊、瞎侃”之意。

　　Our English teacher is easy­going and often has a chat with us between classes.

　　单项填空

　　()(1) He isn't doing anything all the time, ______ with others.

　　A. talk

　　B. chat

　　C. talking

　　D. chatting

　　D　考查talk与chat的语义区别以及非谓语动词的使用。语义是：他整天与人瞎聊，无所事事。依据语境语义以及在句中的作用表示伴随状语，所以答案是D。

　　()(2) In order to help him realize his mistake, the teacher decide to have a long ______with him.

　　A. chat

　　B. talk

　　C. speech

　　D. report

　　B　语义是：为了帮助他认识自己的错误，老师决定跟他进行一次长谈。从语境语义表明是比较慎重、正式。chat非正式；talk较正式；speech演讲；report报告，所以答案是B。

　　3、surround v.

　　根据语境感悟词义

　　The small village is surrounded on all sides by green mountains and clear rivers, attracting visitors from every corner.

　　青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引八方来客。

　　surround sb./sth. with sb./sth. 周围都是……

　　sth./sb. be surrounded by/with sth. 被……环抱

　　surrounding adj. 周围的、附近的

　　surroundings n. 环境、 周围的事

　　surroundings / environment

　　surroundings 专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客观体着眼；

　　environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德观念的影响着眼。

　　The little girl grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.

　　单词拼写

　　(1) A lot of students at the school don't live in the town, but come from the

　　surrounding (周边)country.

　　(2) It took me weeks to get used to the surroundings. (周围的环境)

　　用surround的适当形式填空

　　(3)He likes to live in the surroundings which is quiet and beautiful. So last month he bought a new big house in a countryside, which is surrounded by many big trees. The surrounding scenery is also very nice. He is very satisfied with the new house.

　　4、measure v．&n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)They finished measuring that piece of land last week.

　　(2)Education shouldn't be measured_purely by exam results.

　　(3)The main bedroom measures 12 meters by 15 meters.

　　(4)I'd like to ask the tailor to make clothes to my own measure.

　　(5)We should take firm and strong measures to keep fighting against pollution.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 衡量 　B. 测量　C. 有……(的)长(宽) 　D. 尺寸　E. 措施

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C　(4) D　(5) E

　　注意作为“量”概念的语境运用：

　　量地 measure land

　　量体温 take one's temperature

　　量体重 weigh oneself

　　量身高 measure oneself

　　单项填空

　　()(1) All the measure we have ______ against the price rising have proved greatly successful.

　　A. put

　　B. made

　　C. taken

　　D. acted

　　C　语义是：我们所采取的阻止物价上升的所有的措施被证明为十分成功的。当我们的选项隐含在定语从句中的时候，我们要用代入还原法，即把先行词代入到从句中去，然后再看看句子之间的句式搭配。本句代入后形成的是take measures against sth.的句式，所以答案是C。

　　()(2) Do you know the history of the bridge______ as long as 200 meters?

　　A. measured

　　B. measuring

　　C. measures

　　D. have

　　B　考查非谓语动词的用法。语义是：你知道那座长达200米的桥的历史渊源吗？遵循两个动词在同一句中没连词必定有一个是非谓语动词的原则，依据本句的特点该选项应该用非谓语动词，排除C和D。本句的非谓语动词是作定语的，和其先行词history是主动关系，所以答案是B。

　　5、 manage v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) He has managed to give up smoking because he knows smoking is harmful to his health.

　　(2) His shop is badly managed and soon it will be closed.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 经营、管理、处理 　B. 设法做到……

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　management n. 管理、管理部门

　　manager n. (公司或其他结构的)经理、经纪人、经营者； (运动队的)主教练

　　manage/try/attempt

　　manage 意思是“设法做到”，强调结果。

　　He managed to get the work done with very little help and got praised.

　　try 意思是“努力做”，强调过程并且有成功的可能。

　　He is working hard at the work and tried to get it done with little help.

　　attempt 意思是“尝试做”，未必有成功的可能。

　　I attempted to get in touch with him but without success.

　　单项填空

　　() Teachers ______ to stop students from surfing the Internet, but it works slightly.

　　A. try

　　B. manage

　　C. attempt

　　D. intend

　　A　考查动词词义辨析。语义是：老师们想努力地去阻止学生们上网，但收效甚微。强调未实现的努力，所以答案是A。

　　6、wealthy adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) We should spare our effort to make our country strong and wealthy.

　　(2) Our school, wealthy in green grass and colourful flowers, is the best place to study in.

　　(3) Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 丰富的　B. 富有的　C. 富裕的

　　(1) C　(2) A　(3) B

　　wealth n. 财富、财产

　　the wealthy 有钱人、富人

　　a man of wealth 富豪

　　live in wealth 过着富有的生活

　　单词拼写

　　(1)The greatest wealth (财富)is being content with a little.

　　(2)The area is wealthy (丰富) in natural resource, so it's worth developing.

　　7、 distance n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) Distance is no problem on the Internet.

　　(2) You will never get the ball in from that distance.

　　(3) People in our community never keep their distance between each other.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 疏远　B. 远处、远方　C. 距离

　　(1) C　(2) B　(3) A

　　distant adj. 遥远的、久远的、远方的

　　a distant view 远景

　　a distant relative 远亲

　　the distant events 往事

　　distance learning 远程学习

　　at a distance 稍远些；隔开点距离

　　in the distance 在远处；在远方

　　from a distance 从远处；从远方

　　keep one's distance 不与某人亲近

　　keep sb. at a distance 对某人表示冷淡

　　be distant toward sb. 对某人冷淡

　　单项填空

　　()The faces of four famous American Presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ______ of 60 miles.

　　A. length

　　B. distance

　　C. way

　　D. space

　　B　考查名词词义辨析问题。句意是：人们在60英里远的地方就能看到在Rushmore山上4个美国著名总统的脸部(塑像)。length长度；way方法；space空间，所以答案是B。

　　8、downtown n．adj.&adv.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1) Chinatown in the USA is a famous downtown street.

　　(2) In America, people are not used to living in a_downtown. They prefer living a quiet life in the country.

　　(3) Today we have nothing to do, let's go_downtown_shopping?

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 商业区的；闹市区的　

　　B. 去商业区　C. 商业区；闹市区

　　(1) A　(2) C　(3) B

　　9、dawn n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)It's the time of year for the harvest, farmers are busy working in the field from dawn till dark.

　　(2)Graduation marks a new dawn in the history of one's life.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 开端　B. 黎明、拂晓

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　at dawn 在拂晓时分；在天刚亮的时候

　　from dawn till dark 披星戴月地，从早到晚

　　the dawn of victory 胜利的曙光

　　并列连接词，表示“……而不是……”，连接句子中相同的句子成分。

　　①连接两个名词(作主、表或宾语)

　　I appreciate pop music rather than hip­hop.

　　我欣赏流行乐而不喜欢说唱乐。

　　10、rather than

　　②连接两个动词不定式，rather than后的to常常可以省略

　　I prefer to play football rather than stay at home reading.

　　我愿意踢球而不喜欢待在家里看书。

　　③连接两个动名词作宾语

　　I enjoy surfing the Internet in my spare time rather than go

　　hiking.

　　闲暇之余，我喜欢上网，而不喜欢远足。

　　④连接两个介词短语

　　We are doing this for our brotherly school rather than for ourselves.

　　我们做的这一切是为了兄弟校而不是为了我们自己。

　　⑤连接两个谓语时，rather than 后一般接doing

　　Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?

　　你干吗非得要自己干，而不请人帮忙呢？

　　rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该按“承前一致原则”，即和第一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。

　　He rather than I, I think, is to blame.

　　我认为是他而不是我该受到责备。

　　rather than/other than/more than

　　rather than 表示对后者的否定，有“而不是……”的语义。

　　Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, she sold them at half price.

　　other than 表示对后者的排除，有“除了……”的语义，相当于except。

　　I don't care about anything other than what I'm willing to do.

　　more than 表示超出了这一概念范畴，有“不只是……”。

　　In some places, bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.

　　单项填空

　　() Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings______ harm them.

　　A. rather than

　　B. other than

　　C. less than

　　D. more than

　　A　语义是：大部分人赞成核科学的开发应当造福于人类而不是危害他们。rather than表示否定；other than表示排除；less than 表示少于；more than 表示超过，所以答案是A。

　　catch sight of意为：“突然看到……”；“一下子就看到了……”，强调看到的动作的突然性。

　　He caught sight of his girlfriend in such crowded people in the street.

　　在街道上这么拥挤的人群里他一眼就看到了他的女友。

　　11、 catch sight of

　　at first sight 第一次看见

　　at the sight of 一看见……(就)

　　in sight of 在某人看来

　　lose one's sight 失明

　　lose sight of 忽视……；忘了处理某事

　　in sight 看得见；在视野内

　　out of sight 看不见

　　sightseeing 观光；游览

　　单项填空

　　()At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ______.

　　A. out of sight

　　B. out of reach

　　C. out of order

　　D. out of place

　　A　本题考查的是介词短语在语境中的运用。语义是：在火车站，母亲挥手向女儿告别，直到看不见火车为止。out of sight看不见； out of reach够不着；out of order坏了；out of place不在原处、不适当的，所以答案是A。

　　12、have a gift for

　　She has a gift for learning languages.

　　根据语境语义have a gift for的意思是

　　___________________________________________

　　_____________________________。

　　在……方面有天分；有天赋

　　gifted adj. 有才的； 才华横溢的

　　have the gift of 天生擅长……

　　make a gift of sth. to sb. 赠予某人某物

　　a man with many gifts 多才多艺的人

　　13、Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than_any_other_country in the world.(P34)

　　她们了解到由于五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界任何一个国家都要多。

　　本句中的 more…than any other country是比较级的一个基本句式。比较的主体和比较范围不能相互包容。如果是包容关系，我们一定要在比较范围内把它排除掉。常见的句式有：

　　any other ＋单数名词

　　all other ＋ 复数名词

　　比较级＋ than ＋ anyone else

　　any of the other ＋ 复数名词

　　the rest of ＋ 复数名词或不可数名词

　　上海比中国任何一个城市都大。

　　Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

　　Shanghai is larger than all other cities in China.

　　Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.

　　①如果不是包含关系，就不能用排除关系的词。

　　Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.

　　②注意对这一句式的理解。它虽然是比较级的句式，但却表达最高级的含义。

　　单项填空

　　()(1) AIDS is the biggest killer in the world, taking ______ lives each year than ______disease.

　　A. more; any

　　B. most; any other

　　C. many; other

　　D. more; any other

　　D　考查比较级的句式问题。语义是：艾滋病是世界上最大的杀手，每年所夺去的生命比任何疾病都多。根据语境所表达是在同一范围内比较，所以答案要有排除关系的词，答案是D。

　　()(2) The Changjiang River is longer than______in China.

　　A. any river

　　B. any other rivers

　　C. any of the other rivers

　　D. all rivers

　　C　考查比较级的句式问题。语义是：长江比中国任何一条河都长。根据语境所表达的是在同一范围内比较，所以答案要有排除关系的词，B中的名词不能用复数，所以答案是C。

　　14、It's too bad you can't go as_far_as Ottawa, Canada's capital. (P38)

　　很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都——渥太华。

　　as far as有以下的用法：

　　(1) 用于对距离语气的加强，表示“远达……”。

　　I can't believe that such a little child can walk as far as ten miles in an hour.

　　我简直不敢相信这么小的孩子竟然在一小时内能走10英里。

　　(2) 用于比较级，表示“和……一样远”。

　　We walked as far as they walked last night.

　　昨晚，我们和他们走得一样远。

　　(3) 作介词或连接词，表示“直到……(地方)”。

　　I'll work with you as far as the gate of the school.

　　我将陪你一直走到校门口。

　　(4) 习惯用法，表示“达到……的程度”、“尽……所能”、“就……而言”，也可以用so far as…

　　We should be grateful to our parents. They will support us as far as they can at any time.

　　我们应当感激父母。无论在什么时候，他们都会尽其所能地支持我们。

　　So far as I know, he is the leading person in IT business. 据我所知，他是IT产业的领军人物。

　　单项填空

　　()(1) ______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.

　　A. As long as

　　B. Just as

　　C. As far as

　　D. Even if

　　C　考查连接词的选择。语义是：在我看来，要远离危险只有一种可行的方法。as long as只要……就；(时间)长达多久；just as 就在……的时候；as far as“就……而言”；even if即使，所以答案是C。

　　()(2) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him______ I did.

　　A. as much as

　　B. as long as

　　C. as soon as

　　D. as far as

　　D　考查连接词的选择。语义是：我对他考虑得越多，我就发现我爱他的原因就越多。as much as 多达……； so long as只要……就；(时间)长达多久；as soon as 一……就……； as far as达到……的程度。所以答案是D。

　　()(2010·上海)In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ______ the local market.

　　A. longer than

　　B. more than

　　C. as much as

　　D. as far as

　　D　考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as远到……

　　It's too bad you can't go as_far_as Ottawa, Canada's capital. (P38)