Unit1 Festivals around the world
1、 mean
(meant, meant)v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) What does the word “mean” mean in this contest?
(2) Do you mean to go to his party without any coin?
(3) Doing nothing means gaining nothing.
根据语义找匹配：A. 意思是 B. 意味着 C. 打算做
(1)A (2) C (3)B
mean adj. 吝啬的、自私的；社会地位低下的
meaning n. 意思
meaningful adj. 有意义的；意义深远的；浅显易懂的
meaningless adj. 没意义的；不重要的
meantime adv. 同时
meanwhile adv. 与此同时
means n. 方式；方法；途径 (单、复数相同)
be meant to do sth. 要做……；必须做……
mean sb. for 想要某人成为……
mean sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
be meant for 注定成为……； 打算作……用
mean to do sth. 打算做没事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
meant to do sth. 过去打算做某事(可能做，也可能不做)
meant to have done sth.过去打算做某事而实际上并未做
by no means 绝不 (放在居首，要用倒装句，形式是部分倒装)
by means of 借助于……；用……方法
by any means 不顾一切；不惜任何方式
by all means 用尽一切办法
mean nothing to… 对……毫无意义(兴趣)
单项填空
()— Did you go to her birthday party?
— I ______， but I had to work extra hours to finish my homework.
A. would
B. meant to
C. did
D. would like to
B 本题考查的是虚拟语气在具体语言环境中的运用。通过题干语义所体现的是对过去所发生的事情的虚拟表达，按常规它应该使用would have done sth.表示“过去该做的事情而实际上并未做到”。答案A 应该是would have才对，但它并不是。meant to 则有着这一用法，所以答案是B。
2、satisfy v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) We will do everything we can to satisfy every student.
(2) You can't apply for the job unless satisfying all conditions.
根据语义找匹配：A. 满足 B. 使……满意
(1) B (2)A
satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的
satisfying adj. 令人满意(满足)的；圆满的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意(满足)的；圆满的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
单项填空
()Her ______ performance made me ______， so there was______ expression on my face.
A. satisfying; satisfied; satisfied
B. satisfied; satisfied; satisfied
C. satisfied; satisfying; satisfying
D. satisfying; satisfied; satisfying
A 本题考查的是“情感反应”动词的ing与ed作为形容词的语义区别。本句的语义是：她那令人满意的表演使我感到满意，于是我的脸上就露出满意的笑容。第一个空所表达的是“令人满意的”；第二、三个空所表达的是“满意的”，所以答案是A。
(1)satisfy是一种“情感反应”的动词。凡是这一类的动词，其ed和ing形式都可以用作形容词，它们在句中的作用基本相同，它们的区别一般可以通过语义加以辨别：
①“令人……；令人感到……”用ing形式；
②“感到……”或表示该词的本义时，用ed形式；
③由于自身情感活动而流露出的感情、表情或神色，用ed形式；
④在to one's ＋ n. 结构中，一定用其相应的名词形式；
(2)satisfying 一般用作定语； satisfactory 一般用作表语。
3、gain v．&n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He has gained a lot from his teachers.
(2) He gained a great deal in the foreign trade.
(3) So long as you work hard, you will gain what you expect to. As the saying goes, no pains, no gains.
根据语义找匹配：A. 收益；利益 B. 赚得 C. 获得
(1) C (2) B (3) A
单项填空
()______ private hospitals are operating purely for ______， how can we be sure they treat the patient best?
A. While; honor
B. Once; service
C. If; gain
D. Though; income
C 本题考查的是连词的使用以及名词的辨析。通过语境，我们体会出本题的语义是：如果私立医院只是为赚钱而开设的，那我们怎能相信他们会更好地善待病人呢？ 它所体现出的逻辑关系的是条件，第二个空是“获利”的意思，所以答案是C。
4、 gather
v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)We are to gather at the school gate at 7：30 tomorrow morning.
(2)Dark clouds is gathering and the north wind is whistling which promise that a storm is drawing near.
根据语义找匹配：A. 集合，聚集 B. 积聚
(1)A (2)B
gather/collect
gather一般强调同一种事物由少积多的收集。
We should pay attention to gathering materials for our composition in reading.
collect 强调为了某种目的而有选择地、有计划地、认真地“收集”。
My hobby is collecting stamps.
用gather/collect填空
(1)It was late August and the harvest had been well gathered(收获)in.
(2)The teachers gathered(聚集)all the students in the playground during the earthquake.
(1) gathered 本题的语义是：这已是晚秋，庄稼已被妥善地收起来。由于该单词用在被动语态中，表示“收获”之意，所以答案为gathered。
(2) gathered本句的语义是：在地震期间，老师们把所有的学生都聚集在操场上。又由于陈述的是过去发生的事情，因此答案为gathered。
5、award n.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He got the first award in saving the flooded people.
(2) He is awarded a gold medal for working in the field of education for sixty years.
根据语义找匹配：A. 授予……的奖 B. 奖励；奖品
(1)B (2)A
完成句子
He has been given Educational Development ______(奖)in 2008 due to the contribution to education.
Award 本题的语义是：由于他对教育的贡献，他被授予2008年度“教育发展奖”。强调的是“奖励的名称”，由于是专有名词，所以答案是Award。
作为动词，我们要特别注意它们的句式搭配：
award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物
reward sb. for sth. 因……奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
6、admire v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) It's the custom for Chinese to admire the moon on Midautumn Day.
(2) I admire him for his success.
根据语义找匹配：A. 钦佩；羡慕 B. 赞美；欣赏
(1) B (2) A
admiration n. 钦佩；赞美；羡慕
admirer n. 赞美者；爱慕者；崇拜者
admiring adj. 佩服的，称赞的
admirable adj. 值得称赞的；可叹为观止的
admire sb. for… 因某事佩服某人的……
单项填空
()(1)More young people continued to make their way up the mountain to ______ the brightly shining moon.
A. follow
B. show
C. notice
D. admire
D 此处admire指“欣赏”，follow“跟随”； show “展示”；notice“无意中发现”均与题意不符，所以答案是D。
完成句子
(2)Faced with the dangerous situation, he rushed into the burning house to rescue the child. I admire him for his courage (佩服他的勇气)．
7、fun n．&adj.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He is full of fun.
(2) We had a lot of fun at the party.
(3) It's great fun working with him.
根据语义找匹配
A. 娱乐；乐趣 B. 有趣的事或人 C. 嬉戏；玩笑
(1) C (2) A (3) B
funny adj. 可笑的；滑稽的；古怪的
for/in fun 闹着玩地；不当真地
make fun of 取笑……；拿(某人)开玩笑
have fun 玩得开心；玩得愉快； (祝福语)祝你玩得开心。
单项填空
()______it is to have a break between classes!
A. What a great fun
B. What great fun
C. How fun
D. How funny
B 本题考查的是：fun与funny区分和fun作为名词前的冠词问题。通过语境语义反映出的是“课间能稍事休息是一件多么惬意的事情啊！”而不是“滑稽可笑的”，作为名词其前一般是不加冠词的，所以答案是B。
fun在中学阶段是一个不带冠词的名词，而我们的考试往往会考其前的冠词问题，所以遇到此类问题时，一般地我们就选不带冠词的选项。当然我们还要通过语境语义正确的使用形容词funny。
8、honour
n．&v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) We fight for the honour of our country.
(2) We should show respect to every student, because they have a fine sense of honour.
(3) It's a great honour to have been asked here to make a speech to you all.
根据语义找匹配
A. 荣幸的事、荣耀的事 B. 荣誉 C. 自尊心
(1) B (2) C (3) A
in honour of 为了纪念……；为了向……表示敬意
on one‘s honour 以荣誉作为担保
do the honours 尽地主之谊
have the honour to do sth. 有幸做某事
be honoured as… 被尊称为……
Will you honour me with a visit? 如蒙光临，十分荣幸。/可否请您光临？
It's a great honour to do sth. 做……倍感荣幸
单项填空
()(1) There is a party tonight ______ our new English teacher, Tom.
A. in memory of
B. in place of
C. in honour of
D. in favor of
C 考查名词词组的辨析。in memory of为了纪念……(一般用于对已故的人); in place of代替；in honour of 为了向某人表示敬意；in favor of 同意。根据语境：举办聚会是向新老师表示敬意，所以答案是C。
()(2) It's ______ great honour for us to fight for ______honour of our country.
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. /; the
D. a; a
B 考查冠词的用法。honour在此是抽象名词具体化，表示“一件非常荣幸的事”，用不定冠词。在表示“荣誉”时，honour是可数名词，因指国家荣誉，是特指，所以用定冠词，故答案是B。
9、remind v.
根据语境猜词义
The film (1) reminded me of my childhood, which always (2) reminds me to work hard.
根据语义找匹配：A. 使某人想起了 B. 提醒
(1) A (2) B
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起了……
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that… 提醒某人……
单项填空
()(1) In our childhood, we were often ______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
A. demanded
B. reminded
C. allowed
D. hoped
B 句意：在我们童年时代，奶奶经常提醒我们要注意吃饭礼仪。一般地，当题干部分是被动语态时，我们最好先用还原法把被动语态中的主语还原到其宾语位置上，然后在寻求动词在句中的搭配关系，这样我们就能把demand和hope排除，因为这两个动词都不能用demand /hope sb. to do sth.表达；再通过语境语义，我们可以体会出是经常“提醒”的意思，所以答案是B。
完成句子
(2) 他的话使我想起昨天发生的一件事。
What he said reminded me of a thing that happened yesterday.
(3) 他足不出户便知天下事。
He stays indoors, reminded of / known everything in the world.
(1)在使用“使某人想起了……”这一句式，中国学生特别会受到汉语的影响而使用汉语式的表达make sb. think of，这是错误的，因此我们在使用过程中，务必注意这一点。
(2)常用 “动词＋ sb. ＋ of ＋ 名词”句型的还有：
warn / accuse/ cure/ suspect/rob ＋ sb. ＋ of
10、take place
根据语境猜词义
(1) Who knows when the opening ceremony of the new term will take_place?
(2) Great changes have taken_place in our school after many years of hard work.
根据语义找匹配：A. 发生 B. 举行
(1) B (2) A
take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替某人；坐下
in place of 代替
in place 放在原来的位置；原地
in one's place
处于某人的位置；为某人设身处地地想想
out of place 不合适；不恰当；格格不入
give place to 让位于……
take place/happen/occur/come about/break out
take place的“发生、举行”大都侧重于安排或按计划所发生的事情。
A Super Boy concert will take place in the square tonight.
happen 侧重于“偶发”，不可预料的事情的“发生”。这时可与occur互换。happen to do sth. 或it happened that…表示“碰巧做某事”时不能与occur 互换。
I was crossing the street when a traffic accident happened.
It happened that I wasn't there when the earthquake happened.
occur 比较正式，所指的事件和时间比较明确。occur to sb.“某人突然想起某事”，这时不能用happen代替。
Can you tell me when on earth the accident occurred?
It occurs to me that we still have a lot of things to do.
come about常指偶然发生的事情，且很多时候与how 连用。
How did it come about that he left school?
break out 常指“战争、疫病或火灾”的突然发生。
EV71 broke out in China in the spring of 2008.
单项填空
()(1) Suddenly it ______ to me that we should do what we could to collect money for the poor college students.
A. happened
B. took place
C. occurred
D. came about
C 本题考查的是关于“发生”意义的词的区别。通过题干所表现出的语义是“计上心头”之意，所以答案是C。
()(2) It ______ that I was out when he came to see me.
A. happened
B. took place
C. occurred
D. came about
A 本题考查的是关于“发生”意义的词的区别。通过题干所表现出的语义是“碰巧”之意，所以答案是A。
用happen
/ occur / come about / take place的正确形式完成句子
(3)Didn't it occur to you to phone them about it?
(4)In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
(5)I'll never understand how it come about that you were late for the meeting.
(6)An accident happened to him yesterday.
11、look forward to
根据语境猜词义
(1) I'm looking_forward_to your reply soon.
(2) It's time for us to look back and look_forward.
根据语义找匹配：A. 盼望；期盼 B. 展望
(1) A (2) B
look at 看着
look about/around 环顾……；向四周看
look after 照顾；照料
look ahead 考虑未来
look back (vi.) 朝后看；回顾；回想
look back on (vt.) 回顾
look down (vi.) 向下看；俯视；鸟瞰
look down on/upon 看不起；蔑视
look for 寻找
look into 调查
look like 看起来像……
look on 袖手旁观
look on…as… 把……看做……
look out 向外看；(警告用语)当心
look over 检查；检阅
look through 向里看；浏览；快速查看
look up 向上看；仰望；抬头看
look up at 抬头看见……
look up to 尊敬
look forward to的to 是介词，当其后接动词时要用其ing形式。
介词to构成的常用短语还有：
pay attention to 注意
get down to 着手做； 开始做
object to 反对
devote oneself / one's life to 致力于
contribute one‘s life to 献身于
be used to 习惯做
lead to 导致做
set to 开始做
完成句子
(1) Don't worry. We are looking into (调查) the case. In the near future, we'll tell you the truth.
(2) When he looked up (抬头看), he found his teacher standing in front of him.
单项填空
()(3) No one likes ______.
A. looking down upon
B. being looked down upon
C. being looked down
D. to be looked down
B 考查动词短语的搭配。“看不起”的动词短语搭配是look down upon，此处用其被动形式，所以答案是B。
()(4) (2010·安徽) No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______ you wishing they were that high.
A. getting rid of
B. getting along with
C. looking up to
D. looking down upon
C 考查动词短语的辨析。 get rid of 去除；look up to 尊敬，赏识；look down upon看不起；get along with 与某人相处。根据语境：不管你把自己想得多低，总有人尊敬你，希望他们能有你那么高的地位。所以答案是C。
()(5) Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A. look around
B. look into
C. look up
D. look through
D 考查动词短语。该句意思是“请你为我检查一下文章看是否有明显错误”。look through可表示“检查，浏览”之意。look around“环顾”，look into“调查”，look up“抬头看，查阅”。
12、 turn up
根据语境猜词义
(1) We waited and waited, but he didn't turn_up.
(2) I can't hear the news well, would you please turn the radio up?
(3) Don't worry about the letter. I'm sure it'll turn_up.
(4) As long as you keep on working hard, I'm sure that hope will turn_up.
根据语义找匹配：
A. (指机会)偶然出现(到来) B. (尤指失去后偶然)被发现；被找到 (不用于被动语态) C. (人的)来到，露面 D. 调高(音量、热量等)
(1) C (2) D (3) B (4) A
turn down (把音量)关小； 拒绝(观点、意见、看法等)
turn on 打开(电源、水龙头、煤气等)
turn off 关闭(电源、水龙头、煤气等)
turn around 转过身；完全改变(见解、主张)
turn against 背叛
turn back 折回；把……赶回
turn in 上交(物品)
turn into 变成
turn out 证明(不用于被动语态)；结果……；生产出、出版；造就
turn over 翻转；仔细考虑；移交(工作)；转让(公司)
turn to 求助；查阅；转向；翻到(书的某页、某章)
by turns 轮流
in one's turn 轮到某人
in turn 依次
单项填空
()(1) We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite ______ as planned.
A. make out
B. turn out
C. go on
D. come up
B 句意：我们原想在天黑前回到家，但结果并不像原来计划地那样。make out 看出，辨认出；开(支票、账单等)；go on 继续；come up 提出； turn out 结果是，所以答案是B。
()(2)
— I feel really disappointed not to have got that job.
— Don't worry. Maybe something better will ______.
A. go by
B. take on
C. turn up
D. fall down
C 句意：——没有搞到那份工作，我真的很失望。——别担心，可能有更好的工作出现。go by 从旁经过，(时间的)流逝；take on呈现，承担(工作、责任)；fall down 掉下，摔下；turn up(指机会)偶然出现(到来)，所以答案是C。
()(3)
Though there are some differences between American education and Chinese education, both systems are ______ excellent graduates.
A. turning out
B. turning away
C. turning off
D. turning in
A 句意：虽然中美教育有些不同，但是这两种制度都能造就出优秀的大学毕业生。在本句语境中它所体现的是“造就出”的意思，所以答案是A。
用适当的介词或副词填空
(4)It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
(5)She has nobody she can turn to.
(6)We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned up.
(7)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.
(8)Brown the meat on one side, then turn it over and brown the other side.
13、keep one's word/promise
You must believe in him, because he always keeps_his_word.
根据语境语义keep one's word意思是____________，反义词组是__________。
守信、守诺，说话算话；break one's word
have a word with 跟某人说句话
have words with 与某人吵架
get in a word 插话
eat one's word 收回前言；承认自己说错了
leave word 留言，留话
in a word 总之，总而言之
in words 用言语
in other words 换句话说
in one's own word 用自己的话说
word for word 逐句地，一字不差地
word by word 逐字地
beyond words 无法用言语表达地
单项填空
()Richard insisted the United States was larger than China, but he had to ______ when Elizabeth showed him the map.
A. keep his word
B. have a word
C. eat his word
D. get a word
C 本句的语义是：理查德坚持认为美国比中国大，但是当伊丽莎白拿出地图给他看时，他不得不承认说错了。
14、set off
根据语境猜词义
(1) I set_off for the company earlier in order to avoid the heavy traffic.
(2) The villagers set_off fireworks to celebrate the successful completion of the power station.
(3) His advice set me off doing morning exercises every day.
根据语义找匹配：
A. 燃放 B. 动身、出发 C. 使开始
(1)B (2)A (3)C
set about sth. / doing sth. 着手做……
set aside 储蓄；保留；留出
set out 动身；出发；列举；评述
set out to do sth. 着手做……
set sb. free 释放某人
set sb. at ease 安定某人的情绪
set sb. on one's feet 使某人站起来；使某人自立
set a good example to sb. 给某人树立好榜样
set up 搭起，支起；建立；成立
set the world record 刷新世界纪录
单项填空
()(1)
The further falling of the stock market as reported today has ______ a fresh wave of selling.
A. set off
B. given off
C. put off
D. got off
A 句意：据今天报道，股市进一步下跌引起新一轮的抛售热潮。give off 发出；put off 推迟；get off 下(车、船等)，都与题意不符，只有set off有“引发，激起”之意，所以答案是A。
()(2)
I try to ______ 20 minutes to listen to English each day in order to be a volunteer of the 29th Beijing Olympic Games.
A. set out
B. set aside
C. set off
D. set about
B 句意：为了成为第29届北京奥运会志愿者我每天挤出20分钟听英语。set out 出发，列举；set aside 储蓄，保留，留出；set off 出发，引起，引爆；set about 开始做，所以答案是B。
你知道“动身去某地”怎么表达吗？
____________________________________________
____________________________
set out for; start (out); leave for; head for; sail for。我们一定要注意这里的“去”不能用to，而用for。
15、Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.(P2)
有些节日的庆祝是为了纪念逝者或取悦祖先，使之满足，因为(祖先)可能回到人间要么帮助他们，要么祸害他们。
either…or…是并列连词，引导一个并列句，表示“要么……要么；或者……或者”之意。
在使用中，我们要注意两个问题：
(1)连接的句子成分必须是相同的。
She is one of those people that you either love or hate. 她是那种人们非爱即恨的人。
Either you go out or I will call the police.
要么你滚出去，要么我就叫警察。
(2)连接两个主语时，采用的是就近原则，即和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Either you or I am in charge of the company.
非你即我负责这家公司。
①主谓一致之就近原则还包括neither…nor…； not only…but (also)…和there be句式。
②whether…or…引导让步状语从句或名词性从句，表示“不管(无论)……还是……”。
Whether you will stay or leave is none of my business.
你是走还是留下都不关我的事。
Whether it will be sunny or rainy, we'll go to help you.
无论天是晴还是阴，我们都会去帮助你的。
()1. (2007·安徽完形填空)More and more young Japanese ______ together and walked slowly through the night. Joking and chatting, they moved towards the mountain on the edge of the city.
A. danced
B. gathered
C. drank
D. shouted
People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. (P2)
B 考查动词词义辨析。通过语境，我们可以体会出：他们在夜晚相伴登山。所以此处语义是“聚在一起”。答案是B。
()2. (2007·安徽完形填空)And still, in hundreds, more young people continued to make their way up the mountain to ______ the brightly shining moon.
A. follow
B. show
C. notice
D. admire
China and Japan have midautumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. (P2)
D 考查动词词义辨析。通过语境分析，我们可以体会出：他们成群结队不畏艰难地登山的目的只能是“欣赏皎洁的月光”。follow跟随；show展示；notice(无意)发现； admire欣赏，所以答案是D。
()3. (2010·安徽)
— We've spent too much money recently.
— Well，it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives ______ around all the time.
A. are coming
B. had come
C. were coming
D. have been coming
I'_ve_been_waiting for you for a long time！(P7)
D 考查时态。通过语境，我们便知：我们家的亲戚朋友在这之前就来来往往并一直延续到现在，且会继续延续下去。这体现的是现在完成进行时的概念，所以答案是D。