专题六 时态和语态
时态
英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：
时态 构成
用法
一般
现在时 主语＋动词(单数第三人称＋ s或es) 表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等
现在
进行时 主语＋ am (is，are)＋现在分词
表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作
现在
将来时
(1)主语＋will(shall)＋动词原形(2)主语＋ am (is, are)＋ going to ＋动词原形 表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
现在
完成时
主语＋have (has)＋过去分词 (1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。
时态
构成
用法
一般
过去时
主语＋动词的过去式
表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态
过去
进行时
主语＋ was (were)＋现在分词
表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作
过去
将来时
主语＋ would ＋动词原形
表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
过去
完成时
主语＋ had ＋过去分词
既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。
现在
完成
进行时 主语＋have (has) been ＋现在分词
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。
语态
语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。
英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式
语态 构成 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 主语＋am(is, are)＋过去分词 The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.
现在进行时的被动语态 主语＋am(is, are)＋being＋过去分词 My car is being repaired at present.
现在将来时的被动语态 主语＋ will(shall) be ＋过去分词/主语＋ am(is, are)＋ going to be＋过去分词 The new bridge will be completed at the end of the year.
现在完成时的被动语态 主语＋ have(has) been ＋过去分词 I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
一般过去时的被动语态 主语＋ was (were)＋过去分词 Marie Curie took little notice of the honors that were given to her in her later years.
过去进行时的被动语态 主语＋ was (were) ＋ being ＋过去分词 I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.
过去将来时的被动语态 主语＋would be＋过去分词 The workers scented changes that would be made in the company.
过去完成时的被动语态 主语＋ had been ＋过去分词 The new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.
一、时态
动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。
1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较
一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。
His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.
Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.
注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。
If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
2．一般将来时和过去将来时
一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?
He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.
注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果是说话时临时决定的，则用will。
I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island this winter.
—I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.
—That's all right. I will post it myself.
3．一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)或存在的状态，和现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的
时间状语连用；而现在完成时有两种用法：
(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。
(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。
We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
4．一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较
一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示动作的持续性，侧重动作持续的长度。
For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm climate.
I hear he was writing a book last year, but I don't know whether he has finished it.
5．一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较
过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间或动作。它和过去时的区别主要在于时间的参照点上。
He began to learn English when he was fifteen.
The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.
6．现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别
现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在；而过去完成时表示的是延续到过去某个时间。
He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.
7．现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时虽然不属于我们中学课本中常见的八种时
态，但是在近几年的高考试题中频频出现，应该引起我们的注意。
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
二、语态
在高考试题中，被动语态是重要考点之一。复习时，除了注意考查各种时态的被动语态外，还要注意以下几种情况：
1．短语动词的被动语态
使用短语动词的被动语态时，切记不要漏掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
Children in New China are taken good care of.
The sick boy is being operated on now.
2．“get ＋过去分词”形式
“get ＋过去分词”也可表示被动语态，该结构较口语化。
He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.
How do you get paid, by the day or by the hour?
3．主动形式表示被动意义
一些表示开始、结束的动词(start, begin, close, end等)和表示主语某种属性特征的动词(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The shop closes at 6 pm every day.
This kind of apple tastes good and sells well.
4．非谓语动词的被动语态
The building to be built is a new cinema.
The car being repaired is mine. 2011全国卷,23】Planing so far ahead
no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
A.made
B.is making
C.makes
D.has made
C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“计划这么超前毫无意义—到明年许多事情会发生变化的。”前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程，故不选。因此选C。
2011全国卷,24】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he
polite.
A.was just being
B.will just be
C.had just been
D.would just be
A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。”句前wasn’t sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。
2011全国卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she
there.
A.had been lying
B.has been lying
C.was lying
D.has lain
A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时，苏醒前的情况是过去的过去，强调过去的过去里发生的事，故选A。
2011全国卷II,9】If you don't like the drink you
just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered
B. are ordering
C. will order
D. had ordered
A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那儿，试试另一种。”don't like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时或现在完成时，故选A。
2011北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind
in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
D
【考点】考查动词时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选D。
2011北京卷,23】Tom
in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works
B. worked
C. has been working
D. had been working
C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的三个月里，Tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。
2011北京卷,27】——That must have been a long trip.
Yeah, it
us a whole week to get there.
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——那一定是长途旅行。——是的，我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C。
2011北京卷,32】——Bob has gone to California.
Oh, can you tell me when he
?
A. has left
B. left
C. is leaving
D. would leave
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。——噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”Bob has gone to California，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。选B。
2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films
all over the world.
A.have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。
2011天津卷,4】On her next birthday, Ann
married for twenty years.
A.is
B.has been
C.will be
D.will have been
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“等到下次生日的时候，Ann结婚有二十年了。”her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态，故选D。
2011上海春招,29】I’m sure you will do better in the test because you
so hard this year.
A. studied B. had studied
C. will study D. have been studying
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。”前半句I’m sure you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的状语从句不能用将来时，只能用现在时。this year今年，是个时间段。D项 have been studying表示一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。选D。
2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams
to test our communicative ability.
A. design B. are designed
C. are designing D. are being designed
B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。
2011山东卷,31】When I got on the bus, I
I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized
D. would realize
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当我上了车后，我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。”I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B。
2011山东卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child
everything!
A. had been e ating
B. had eaten
C. have eaten
D. have been eating
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。故选B。
2011江苏卷,21】——I hear you
in a pub. what’s it like?
Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A.are working
B.will work
C.were working
D.will be working
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？——咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。
2011江苏卷,23】——Tommy is planning to buy a car.
I know. By next month, he
enough for a used one.
A.
saves
B .saved
C.will save
D. will have saved
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——Tommy将计划买车。——我知道，到下个月为止，他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志，全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作，对将来的时间next month产生影响，能买一辆旧车。故选D。
2011福建卷,32】Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they
from China.
A.receive
B.are receiving
C.have received
D.had received
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“上个月，日本政府对来自于中国的援助表示了感谢。”expressed是过去时，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选D。
2011安徽卷, 32】——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk?
——I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land
B. has it landed
C. will it land
D. had it landed 【答案】B
【解析】句意为“——我并没有要这份名单。为什么我的桌子上放着这东西？——这是我刚刚放的，以备你需要。”I didn’t ask for和I put it there just now都表示过去的动作，很有迷惑性，但Why has it landed on my desk？是到说话时为止的情况，名单在桌面上。现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作，故选B。
2011浙江卷,15】The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant
in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A. gave
B. gives
C. was giving
D. had given
C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的资讯发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时，排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办资讯发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中，故选C。
2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village
with kindness.
A. treat
B. are treated
C. are treating
D. had been treated
B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。
2011四川卷,19】——What a mistake!
Yes. I
his doing it another way, but without success.
A.was suggesting
B.will suggest
C.would suggest
D.had suggested
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——多么严重的错误呀！——是的，我曾经建议他换个方法做，但他没听。”他犯错误发生在过去，我提建议发生在他犯错误之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。这里不是再现当时提建议的情景，故不用was suggesting。选D。
2011重庆卷,21】That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who
the piano upstairs?
A. has played
B. played
C. plays
D. is playing
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴？”在听的过程中才发出谁在弹钢琴的疑问，sound用的是现在时，交代的时间是现在，故选D。
2011重庆卷,31】Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He
to have been praised by the manager just now.
A.seemed
B.seems
C.had seemed
D.is seeming
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“看Tom脸上骄傲的表情，他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。”look at祈使句交代了时间是现在，seem表心理判断，没有进行时态，故选B。
2011陕西卷,12】His first novel
good reviews since it came out last month.
A.receives
B.is receiving
C.will receive
D.has received
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了好评。”since自从…以来，引导含有过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。
2011湖南卷,22】——John, what
in your hand?
——Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A had you held
B are you holding
C do you hold
D will you hold
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——John，你手里拿的是什么？——看，这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。”两人对话以现在时间为参考点，现在(说话人说话时) 对方hold这个动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。选B。
2011湖南卷,27】In 1492, Columbus
on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.
A. lands
B. landed
C. has landed
D.had landed
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在1492年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但他误以为是印度的岛屿。”in 1492是过去时的标志，后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作，因此，这两个行为都统一在1492年里，排除D，故选B。
2011湖南卷,30】It is the most instructive lecture that I
since I came to this school.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。”since自从…以来，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。选D。
2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology
by scentists.
A. are making
B. are made
C. will make
D. will be made
D
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。
2011辽宁卷,28】I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I
.
A. was doing
B. am doing
C. have done
D. had been doing
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我一完成眼下正在做的事情就去图书馆。”主句是将来时，时间状语从句用现在时。finish与选项C的have done矛盾，故选B。
2011辽宁卷,34】By the time Jack returned home from England, his son
from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had been graduating
D. had graduated
D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当杰克从英国返回家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。”by the time到…时候为止，一般与完成时连用。选D。
2011江西卷30】We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody
into the office during the night.
A.broke
B. had broken
C.has broken
D.was breaking
B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。”两个时间点，“有人闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，选B
〖10全国〗—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing
B. would do
C. has done
D. do
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗此题考查时态,
〖解析〗句意：—你读完了Jane Eyre吗？
, 我昨天一直做作业。可以根据句意解答, 也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去, 应该选择与过去相关的时态, 排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意, C过去完成时是过去的过去, 使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时, 题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。
10全国〗When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely.
A. are arriving
B. have arrived
C. had arrived
D. will arrive
B
〖考点〗此题考查时态
〖解析〗句意：当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。句意为 “当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成, 译为 “已经……”。同时也可以使用排除法, arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来, 因此A和D同时排除, C为过去完成时, 使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时, 过去完成时是过去的过去, 因此C也排除, 选择B.
10全国〗The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
C
〖考点〗此题考查时态和语态。
〖解析〗句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。根据选项make fortune译为 “发财”, make在句中需要使用被动形式, 因此排除B和D, 题干中led提示时间为过去, 因此选择C。be to do译为 “将会将要”, was to be made表示过去将来。
10全国〗Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.
A. wear
B. wears
C. has worn
D. have worn
B
〖考点〗考查主谓一致和时态。
〖解析〗首先the only one of …. 为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one是主语, 而非后面的复数women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除C, 故选A
10全国〗Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive
A. be set
B. set
C. are set
D. are setting
C
〖考点〗考查动词set的用法和被动语态。
Set a table摆放桌子, tables为主语, 故用被动结构。make sure后一般接宾语从句。
10全国〗Excuse me I________I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize
B. don’t realize
C. haven’t realized
D. wasn’t realizing
A
〖考点〗时态考查。
〖解析〗结合语境, 后文暗示过去时。
10上海〗Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having
B. have
C. have had
D. had had
B
〖考点〗本题考查时态。
〖解析〗根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时, 因此答案选B。
10上海〗The church tower which ________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored
B. has been restored
C. is restoring
D. is being restored
D
〖考点〗本题考查被动语态。
〖解析〗Restore意思为修复, 而最后一句表明工程还未完成, 因此为正在修复中, 答案选D.
10福建〗Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
D
〖考点〗现在完成时的被动语态
〖解析〗
〖10福建〗–Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
--How nice! You________a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
A
〖考点〗考查将来进行时
〖解析〗--猜猜看, 我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证
--太棒了, 你到时候将会感受到不同的文化
10安徽〗----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?
A. was reading
B. had read
C. am reading
D. have read
B
〖考点〗本题考查时态用法。
〖解析〗句意为 “我看过书了, 已知道这个故事”。在 “knew”前已看过, 故用过去完成时。
10安徽〗----We’ve spent too much money recently.
----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time
A. are coming
B. had come
C. were coming
D. have been coming
D
〖考点〗本题考查时态用法。
〖解析〗句意为 “近来我们花了太多钱了。----并不惊奇, 近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。
10湖南〗This coastal area ________a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named
B. named
C. is named
D. names
A
〖考点〗考查动词时态和语态。
〖解析〗根据主语 “This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时, 故选A项。
10湖南〗I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it. Was it you?
A. has done
B. had done
C. would do
D. will do
B
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前, 即表示过去的过去, 故用过去完成时态。句意为： “我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”
10湖南〗I walked slowly through the market, where people________all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell
B. were selling
C. had sold
D. have sold
B
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗根据 “I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示 “人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”, 即表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 故选B项。
10湖南〗I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped
B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping
D
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物, 我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断选D项。
10江西〗Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders
B shouldered
C is shouldering
D has been shouldering
〖考点〗考查时态。
〖解析〗在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成时, 现在完成进行时为现在完成时的一种。
10山东〗The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid
B. laying
C. to lay
D. being laid
A
〖考点〗本题考查with复合结构的用法/被动语态。
with复合结构的构成是 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”, 由于table与lay(搁放)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以空格处用过去分词表示被动。
10山东〗Up to now, the program _______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save
B. saves
C. had saved
D. has saved
D
〖考点〗本题考查动词时态的用法。
〖解析〗句意应为 “截止到现在, 这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志, 所以空格处使用现在完成时态。
10天津〗We________on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working
B. have been working
C. worked
D. had worked
B
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗句意：我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会。从句子的时间状语for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知, 动作从过去发生, 到说话的时候一直在进行着, 所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。
10天津〗Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting
B. is exhibiting
C. are being exhibited
D. is being exhibited
C
〖考点〗考查被动语态。
〖解析〗句意：想剪纸一样的天津民间传统艺术品正在2010上海世博会的文化展览中展出。因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着, 所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是 “正在被展览”, 所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。
10四川〗In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ________.
A. to deal with
B. dealing with
C. to be dealt with
D. dealt with
A
〖考点〗考查不定式主动表被动。
〖解析〗在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动, 此时, 不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.
10四川〗一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we________our plan.
A. will finish
B. are finishing
C. are to finish
D. have finished
D
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗在状语从句中, 经常用一般现在时表将来时, 用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句, 故用现在完成时, 选D。意为 “直到我们完成我们的计划, 我们才重新开始我们的生意。”
10四川〗You’ve failed to do what you________to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.
A. will expect
B. will be expected
C. expected
D. were expected
D
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗句中you与expect存在被动关系, 首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被
, 故应为过去时, 正确答案为D。
10江苏〗—why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been painting
D
〖考点〗考查时态题.
〖解析〗我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在, 而且到明天才会完成。所以用现在完成进行时
10江苏〗—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were
B. have been
C. had been
D. will be
〖答案〗C.
〖考点〗考查时态题.
〖解析〗我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时.
10陕西〗I have to see the doctor because I________a lot lately.
A. have been coughing
B. had coughed
C. coughed
D. cough
A.
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态, 且强调其持续性, 用现在完成进行时, 选A。
10陕西〗It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
D
〖考点〗考查动词时态, 语态及主谓一致。
at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行, 主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 由此可知本题选D。
10湖北〗Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________（未证实）yet. (prove)
had not been proved
〖考点〗考查过去完成时的被动语态
〖解析〗
〖10辽宁〗Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going
B. went
C. goes
D. has gone
A
〖考点〗考查时态。
〖解析〗句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校, 可是他仍然不能用俄语说 “你叫什么名字？”。句中since last month, 表示 “自从上个月起”根据but后的句意, 说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着, 所以要用现在完成进行时态。
10辽宁〗I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do
B. do
C. am doing
D. had done
B
〖考点〗考查动词时态。
〖解析〗句意：我为一家人做饭, 但是最近我太忙不能做了。第一句表示现阶段的一种状况, 所以用一般现在时态。
10北京〗In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r”sounds at the end of the words________.
A. are dropped
B. drop
C. are being dropped
D. have dropped
A
〖考点〗时态和语态
〖解析〗the “r”sounds应该使用被动。
10北京〗--I’m not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends________for us.
A. will wait
B. wait
C. have waited
D. are waiting
D
〖考点〗本题也是在语境中考查学生对时态的灵活运用。
〖解析〗第一个说话人说“我还没吃完饭呢”, 而下面的人则说“但是我们的朋友们都在等我们了”根据第一个人还没进行完吃饭的动作, 而第二个人又开始催促, 我们得知朋友们此时正在等他们。所以用进行时are waiting更符合句意。
10北京〗--I’m sorry, but I don’t quite fol