专题二
说明文型语法填空
专题二 说明文型语法填空 专题导读 专题二 │专题导读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：
1．多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。
2．采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。
分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。 典例导练 专题二 │典例导练 The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone __1__ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves.__3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make__4__ magnificent life.Opportunity is__5__ the same way; it is everywhere.It is__6__freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must__7__ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a 专题二 │典例导练 “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s __8__(possible)．Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, __9__.You must make use of it.That's not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you.It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________ 专题二 │典例导练
【解析】1．needs 考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时， everyone后用第三人称单数。
2．seated 过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。
3．Others 句型：some...others...
4．a 表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。
5．in in the way是固定搭配。
专题二 │典例导练
6．so 句型：so...that...
7．be seized 依据上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功”。
8．impossible 依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。
9．however/though 插入语， 意为“然而”。
10．what 引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。 专题二 │ 新题预测 (一) Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil. The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！” And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through 新题预测 专题二 │ 新题预测 the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries __5__(eat) them? And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________ 专题二 │ 新题预测 【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。
1．beneath 介词，意为“在……之下”与下文的above相对。
2．through 介词，意为“穿过”。
3．arrival 在冠词后用名词。
4．will come 对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。
5．to eat 因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。
6．if if引导虚拟条件句。
7．a 表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。 专题二 │ 新题预测
8．better 隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。
9．until 意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。
10．it it指代前文中的the waiting seed。 专题二 │ 新题预测 (二) What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead. Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life. 专题二 │ 新题预测 You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________ 专题二 │ 新题预测 【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。
1．However 与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。
2．to stick to意为“坚持”。
3．must 由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。
4．helping 与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。
5．Otherwise 由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。 专题二 │ 新题预测
6．without 句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。
7．it it指代your objective。
8．will/can 句意：只有这样，你才会知道……
9．properly 修饰动词spend作状语用副词。
10．that 引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。 专题二 │ 新题预测 (三) It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath. Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more. Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow. 专题二 │ 新题预测 1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________ 专题二 │ 新题预测 【解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。
1．it 指代a piece of meat，故用it。
2．on 表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。
3．across 表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。
4．As/When 表示“当……时候”。
5．down 因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。
6．reflected 因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 专题二 │ 新题预测
7．another 指它以为是“另一条狗”。
8．the 特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。
9．but 前后是转折关系。
10．dropped 与opened, was seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。