2017高三英语二轮复习（江苏专用）A 核心考点（核心 规律 技巧）课件：A4

　　A．there is

　　B．there was C．there to be

　　D．there being 答案　D　[句意：我不知道有这么多的人在公园里，D项为there be句型的­ing形式。可知本题选D。]

　　④I wondered at ________so many people in the park. (1)It is impossible for there to be such mistakes. (2)My wish is there to be a good job waiting ahead.　 (3)There being no bus, we had to walk home. (4)There to be guests, we're occupied with preparations.

　　there to be n．/pron.将要有/将要存在 there being n．/pron.已经有/已经存在

　　2．含义 性质作用 名 师 招 招 鲜

　　非谓语动词解题“黄金法则” 法则一　辨析考查涉及的非谓语动词的语法成分及形式 1．辨析应用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。解此类题目时，首先应注意辨析所缺少的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，这样才能作出正确的选择。 2．分析句子所缺少的成分，以便选择恰当的形式。非谓语动词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语等。 法则二　分析非谓语动词动作发生的时间

　　由非谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间决定其形式是此类题目考查的一个重点。因此，弄清非谓语动词所 表示的动作发生的时间与整个句子的谓语动词所表示的动作发生时间的先后顺序是解题的关键。这种先后顺序通常有三种：同时发生；在整个句子的谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生；在整个句子的谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 法则三　辨析非谓语动词动作与其逻辑主语是主谓关系还是动宾关系

　　非谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系是此类题目考查的另一个重点。解题的关键是弄清非谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系。 法则四　熟记一些固定或特殊的用法、搭配和结构

　　如果在掌握上述三条解题原则的基础上对非谓语动词的一些固定或特殊用法和搭配加以识记，定会事半功倍。 * Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ________

　　(catch)． ②I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail)across the

　　Atlantic Ocean in five days. ③I would appreciate your ______(call)back this afternoon. ④The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief

　　________(catch)． ⑤She didn't remember ________(meet)him before. ⑥We've always deeply regretted ________(sell)the house. ⑦This dictionary can't help ________(learn)the language. ⑧—When do you plan to leave?

　　—I mean ________(leave)tomorrow. 答案　①being caught　②sailing　③calling　④being caught　⑤meeting/having met　⑥selling/having sold　⑦(to)learn　⑧to leave

　　A．attacking

　　B．having attacked C．being attacked

　　D．having been attacked 答案　C　[句意：最近，中国加强对黄岩岛附近水域的管控，以防止中国船在南海受到攻击。本题考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语Chinese fishing boats与非谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以排除A和B；根据句意知，加强管控的目的是为了防止受到攻击而不是防止已经被攻击，所以排除D。故答案为C项。]

　　Ⅱ.单项填空 ①(2017·福建卷)China recently tightened its waters controls

　　near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats

　　from ________in the South China Sea.

　　A．to watch

　　B．to watching C．watching

　　D．watch 答案　C　[spend...doing sth花费……做某事。]

　　②(2017·上海卷)According to a recent US survey, children

　　spend up to 25 hours a week ________TV.

　　决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

　　主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 (decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg) 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 I can't afford to wait that long. 1．常跟不定式作宾语的动词

　　考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

　　避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

　　禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 (consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想)；avoid, miss, keep/keep on，practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape) He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

　　2．常跟动名词作宾语的动词 3．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定

　　式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。

　　4．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾

　　语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作

　　宾语补足语。

　　(全国卷)The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him ________． A．not to

　　B．not to do C．not do it

　　D．do not to 答案　A　[考查不定式省略。]

　　热点4·7

　　—Sorry, I can't remember but I ________． A．would rather do not

　　B．would rather did not C．would rather have not

　　D．had better not 答案　C　[考查不定式省略。]

　　A．used to

　　B．used to be C．used to do

　　D．used to have 答案　B　[考查不定式省略。在省略的不定式结构中含有be，则应保留，故答案B正确。]

　　①—Did you inform her? ②He is thinner than he ________．

　　不定式省略

　　※不定式的省略一定要和一些特殊句型中不定式标志to省略区分开。省do保to是不定式的省略；省to保do是不定式标志的省略。

　　1．为避免重复不定式可在上下文中省略，仅保留to

　　①vt. to do(不定式作宾语) Come here any time if you want to(come here)．

　　2．不定式省略模式 ②vt. sb/sth to do(不定式作宾补) I can help you when you wish me to(help you)． ③be adj./p.p. to do(不定式作主补) Never leave unless (you're)told to(leave)． 常出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad/happy, would like/love等的后面。

　　I haven't been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我希望去(那里)。 3．如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，则

　　这些词要保留。 —Are you on holiday？——你在度假吗？ —No, but I'd like to be.——不是，但我希望是(在度假)。 —I didn't tell him the news.——我没告诉他那个消息。 —Oh, you ought to have.——噢，你应该(早)告诉(他)。

　　(2017·陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________an even greater challenge. A．meets

　　B．meeting

　　C．meet

　　D．to meet 答案　D　[固定结构。] (2017·辽宁卷)This machine is very easy ________．Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A．operating

　　B．to be operating C．operated

　　D．to operate 答案　D　[It be adj.(for)A to do B句型变式。]

　　热点4·8 点击进入word

　　We could do nothing but/other than wait. 我们除了等待什么都不能做。 He had no choice but to wait. 他别无选择，只能等待。 另外，在cannot choose but, cannot help but(只好)，cannot but(只好)，had better, would rather后面的不定式也要省略to。

　　1．动词不定式在but, other than，except后面时，如果but，

　　other than之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么其后的不定

　　式不带to，否则就要带to，即“前有do，后省to”。 He cannot choose but stay on. 他没办法只好待下去。 I cannot but agree to his terms. 我只得同意他的条件。 I would rather stay than do anything else. 我宁愿留下来也不愿做别的。

　　①不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon？(A knife cuts the watermelon.) 你有切西瓜的刀吗？

　　2．不定式的主动形式和被动形式 ②不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister.)她有个妹妹要照看。 ③不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb。 It be adj.(for)A to do B It is difficult for him to understand this book. B be adj. (for A)to do

　　This book is difficult(for him)to understand.这本书(对他来说)很难读懂。 He is a person easy to go with. 他是个容易相处的人。

　　There is a lot of work to do.(Someone has to do the work.)有很多工作要做。 There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)有很多工作有待被做。

　　3．在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某

　　件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本

　　身必须被完成，则用被动形式。 4．动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中

　　常用动名词作主语。

　　It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

　　5．动词need, require, want后跟动名词主动形式或不定式被

　　动形式作宾语；跟不定式作宾补。特别注意be worth与be

　　worthy的区别。 6．注意以下表达的意义区别

　　(2017·安徽卷)When ________for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A．asking

　　B．asked C．having asked

　　D．to be asked 答案　B　[when(he was)asked for...job状语从句省略。]

　　热点4·9

　　A．being carried out

　　B．carrying out C．carried out

　　D．to carry out 答案　C　[句意：实验表明，如果有规律地作适量的锻炼，就能够提高身体的健康状况。首先，if carried out＝if it is carried out，依句意可知it＝proper amounts of exercise，与carry out构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动含义。而being carried out意为：正在被开展；carrying out与to carry out表主动含义，所以C项正确。]

　　①(2010·浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts

　　of exercise, if________regularly, can improve our health.

　　A．performed

　　B．performing C．to be performed

　　D．being performed 答案　A　[动词­ed形式作状语，表示被动，即表示贝多芬的作品是“被演奏”。performing是动词­ing形式，表示主动。另外根据frequently这个词，to be performed(将被演奏)和being performed(正在被演奏)都不对，应该选performed。]

　　②(广东卷)No matter how frequently ________，the works

　　of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

　　(详见省略见状语从句热点讲解)

　　When you are questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is. ＝When questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is. ＝Questioned by the police, you'd better tell it as it is.

　　1．状语从句引导词＋非谓语系状语从句省略所致 2．其作用相当于非谓语动词作状语 (全国卷)I've worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. A．expected

　　B．to expect C．to be expecting

　　D．expects 答案　B　[考查省略句，what to expect＝what I should expect。]

　　热点4·10 (北京卷)—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else ________，is there? A．who to turn to

　　B．she can turn to C．for whom to turn

　　D．for her to turn 答案　B　[事实上这是个定语从句，答句省略了that，完整的答句应该是There is no one else(that)she can turn to, is there？而turn to sb也是固定搭配，意为：“向某人寻求帮助”。而这里的“sb”就是指前面的no one。故本题选B。] ※高考较多考查名词性wh­to do (1)My puzzle is when to start. ＝My puzzle is when I should start. (2)I'll paint the building in which to start your school. ＝I'll paint the building in which you'll start your school.

　　(全国卷)He never dreamt of ________for him to be sent abroad very soon. A．being a chance

　　B．there being a chance C．there to be a chance

　　D．there's a chance 答案　B　[there being a chance作dream of的宾语，相当于宾语从句that there was a chance。]

　　热点4·11

　　A．Not there being

　　B．There being not C．There not being

　　D．There was not 答案　B　[此句子是表明原因的独立主格结构。变成原因状语从句就是：As there was not enough time, we didn't finish the work或者There was not enough time, so we didn't finish the work.就是说，如果选D，句子里必须有as/so这样的连接词来连接前后两句。故选B。]

　　①________enough time, we didn't finish the work.

　　A．there be

　　B．there being

　　C．there is

　　D．there to be

　　答案　A　[A项为there be句型的不定式形式，在let后应接省去to的不定式作宾补。]

　　A．there be

　　B．there being

　　C．there is

　　D．there to be

　　答案　D　[there to be为存在句型的不定式形式]

　　②I won't let ________any trouble. ③I don't want ________any trouble at all.

　　3．某些表示情绪的形容词，如喜、怒、哀、乐等后跟不

　　定式表示原因

　　I'm glad to see you.

　　(2017·课标全国卷Ⅰ卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather ________． A．permitting

　　B．to permit

　　C．permitted

　　D．permit 答案　A　[考查独立主格。weather permitting相当于if weather permits。]

　　热点4·2

　　A．having

　　B．had

　　C．have

　　D．to have 答案　A　[句意：蝙蝠是一种寿命长得惊人的生物，一些蝙蝠寿命可长达约20年。题干中并没有从属连词或并列连词，设空处应为非谓语动词，故排除B、C两项；D项表示将来的动作。根据句意可知答案为A项。]

　　①(2011·浙江卷)Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures,

　　some ________a life span of around 20 years.

　　A．There to be no bus B．There being no bus C．There having no bus D．There to have no bus 答案　B　[考查独立主格结构。There being no bus＝Because there is no bus。]

　　A．is ill

　　B．was ill

　　C．to be ill

　　D．ill 答案　D　[句意：妈妈病了，她感到难过，故选D。] ②________，I had to walk home. ③Mother ________，she felt sad. 1．结构：名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语形式(名词/主格的代词和其后的非谓语形式有逻辑主谓或动宾关系)

　　常见形式

　　※副词必须为表状态或处所的 Parents out, I feel lonely.

　　2．功能：一般作状语 独立主格 3．联系：相当于同样逻辑的状语从句(主、从句主语不一

　　致或with介词复合结构)

　　Book in hand，the teacher came in.

　　＝With a book in his hand, the teacher came in.

　　＝When/While a book was in his hand, the...in.

　　(2017·辽宁卷)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________them. A．to follow

　　B．following

　　C．followed

　　D．follows 答案　B　[考查with介词复合结构。with their pet dog following them作伴随状语。]

　　热点4·3

　　A．laid

　　B．laying

　　C．to lay

　　D．being laid 答案　A　[句意：起居室既干净又整洁，餐桌已经摆好，就等做饭了。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。table与lay在逻辑上是被动关系，排除B项；从already可以看出动作已经发生，故排除C、D两项；A项表示被动且完成，故为正确答案。]

　　①(2010·山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a

　　dining table already ________for a meal to be cooked.

　　A．taking

　　B．take

　　C．taken

　　D．to take 答案　C　[考查非谓语动词中的过去分词，语意是：既然我们讨论了我们的问题，那么人们满意所作的决定吗？The decision和take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。]

　　A．for

　　B．when

　　C．with

　　D．while 答案　C　[with＋名词＋adj.复合结构用作状语，如选干扰项B或D，原句则需改成when/while her foot was wounded so much。]

　　②(全国Ⅰ卷)Now that we've discussed our problem, are

　　people happy with the decisions ________？ ③(福建卷)You have no idea how she finished the relay

　　race ________her foot wounded so much.

　　A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure C．There being no hope for cure D．In the hope of cure 答案　B　[本题考查根据句意正确选择状语。从后半句“病人寻求医生的帮助来结束生命”说明其原因是“没有治愈的希望”，由此判断A、C、D意思都不合题意，只有B表示否定“没有希望”，符合题意。]

　　④(江西卷)________and no way to reduce her pain and

　　suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought

　　her doctor's help to end her life.

　　A．facing

　　B．faces

　　C．faced

　　D．being faced 答案　A　[考查非谓语。with＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)。此题中door和face是主动关系，故选A。] ⑤I live in the house with its door ________south.

　　with介词复合结构

　　名词/宾格的代词和其后的非谓语形式有逻辑主谓或动宾关系 常见结构

　　※副词必须为表状态或处所的 With the boss here, we all feel nervous.

　　1．结构：with＋名词/代词(宾格)＋非谓语形式

　　主语不一致) With all the work finished, I felt a load moved off. ＝After/Because all the work had been finished, I felt a load moved off. (2)作定语时，相当于定语从句(先行词在定语从句中不作主语) The house, whose roof is covered with plastics, will serve for the meeting.＝The house, its roof covered with plastics, will serve for the meeting.

　　3．联系：(1)作状语时相当于同样逻辑的状语从句(主、从句 (2017·四川卷)I looked up and noticed a snake ________its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A．to wind

　　B．wind

　　C．winding

　　D．wound 答案　C　[考查非谓语形式作宾补。我注意到蛇正在往树上爬。] (2017·四川卷)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________． A．washed

　　B．wash

　　C．washing

　　D．to wash 答案　A　[考查get sth done结构。]

　　热点4·4 (2011·陕西卷)Claire had her luggage ________an hour before her plane left. A．check

　　B．checking

　　C．to check

　　D．checked 答案　D　[考查have sth done结构。] (天津卷)A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ________． A．unsatisfied

　　B．unsatisfying C．to be satisfying

　　D．satisfied 答案　A　[考查leave sb/sth done结构。]

　　(全国卷)Charles Babbage is generally considered ________the first computer. A．to invent

　　B．inventing C．to have invented

　　D．having invented 答案　C　[考查不定式作主语补足语。]

　　点击进入word

　　notice等词的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例： (1)see＋宾语＋do　看见宾语做……了 (2)see＋宾语＋doing　看见宾语正在做 (3)see＋宾语＋being done　看见宾语正在被做 (4)see＋宾语＋done　看见宾语被做 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。 I found my necklace gone. 我发现我的项链不见了。

　　1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,

　　(1)have sth done＝get sth done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)。 I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。 此外，have sth done还表示“使……遭受……”之意。 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时，摔断了腿。

　　2．have，get后可以接动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词三种形式作宾语补足语，have, get表示“使、让、叫”之意。 注意：have sb doing若用于否定式中，其中have有“容忍”之意。 I won't have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。

　　3．leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，意为“使……

　　处于某种状态”。

　　注意：下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done It be p．p that A be/do(B) ＝A be p．p to be/do (B) ※根据that从句时态选用对应的不定式形式 He is said to have gone abroad.

　　＝It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说，他出国了。

　　下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to，它们是：“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe)；3使(make, let, have)；2听(listen to, hear)；1感觉(feel)。 以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语，以上动词除let, make外都可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语，此外find，catch, keep, leave也可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。

　　4．不定式、现在分词作宾语补足语小窍门 I hate to see you leave so soon. 我不愿意看到你这么早就离开。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 听见有人上楼了。 He was caught stealing. 他正在偷东西时被抓住了。

　　advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on等。

　　5．下列动词及动词词组后接不定式作补足语，即“动词/动

　　词词组＋sb＋to do” (2017·山东卷)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________． A．providing

　　B．provided C．having provided

　　D．provide 答案　B　[provided作后置定语。] (全国Ⅰ卷)—The last one ________pays for the meal. —Agreed! A．arrives

　　B．arriving

　　C．to arrive

　　D．arrived 答案　C　[考查不定式作定语。]

　　热点4·5 点击进入word

　　分词作定语

　　The houses being built are for the teachers. 正建的房子是为老师建的。 Things lost never come again.失不再来。

　　v.­ing表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。

　　1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：doing，being done和

　　done。 2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：doing和done。

　　不定式作定语

　　The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。

　　Have you got anything to send？你有什么东西要寄吗？ 1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰

　　的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后

　　面需有相应的介词。 2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的

　　承受者时，不定式既可用主动，也可用被动，但其含义

　　有所不同。试比较： (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent？你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

　　(1)不定式表将来。 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。 He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 3．用不定式作定语的几种情况： (3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing.

　　不定式to be done形式表被动、将来；过去分词表被动、完成；现在分词being done形式表被动、正在进行。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被动、完成)

　　4．不定式to be done形式、过去分词done和现在分词being

　　done形式作定语的区别 Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. (表被动、正在进行) The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. (表被动、将来)

　　(2017·安徽卷)I remembered ________the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A．locking

　　B．to lock C．having locked

　　D．to have locked 答案　B　[考查不定式作宾语。] (2017·北京卷)One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them. A．corrects

　　B．correct

　　C．to correct

　　D．correcting 答案　D　[correcting them和making mistakes并列作by的宾语。]

　　热点4·6 (2017·上海卷)When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ________the right things to say. A．thinking of

　　B．to think of C．thought of

　　D．think of 答案　A　[have trouble/difficulty/hardship (in) doing sth。]

　　返回 上页 下页 名师招招鲜 易错警示 考点精析 返回 上页 下页 名师招招鲜 易错警示 考点精析 返回 上页 下页 名师招招鲜 易错警示 考点精析 A4

　　非谓语动词

　　考 纲 解 读

　　1．三种非谓语动词形式的构成及其内涵。 2．不同的非谓语动词形式在句子中的不同语法

　　功能。 3．句子结构的知识、词类及其功能(句子成分)、从

　　句的知识。

　　考 情 解 读

　　考点

　　题量 年份 宾语 补语 状语 定语 表语、主语及其他 2008 5 2 15 6 1 2009 4 1 16 8 3 2010 2 4 16 9 1 2011 1 4 14 9 3 2017 3 5 14 6 1

　　趋 势 解 读

　　2017年高考对分词的考查仍是重点。设题点从非谓语动词作状语一枝独秀，开始向其他考点特别是非谓语动词作定语和宾补发展。题目的设置注重情景化和结构复杂化，加大题干句的理解难度。 “情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，值得引起考生的高度重视，但试题的难度将会有所控制。

　　易 错 警 示 (2011·陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, ________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making

　　B．made

　　C．to make

　　D．having made

　　易误选C 很多考生会认为此处应用不定式结构表示目的，从而误选C。句意：中国又建了一些高速公路，这使得人们从一个地方到另外一个地方旅行更加容易了。making是现在分词，在句中作结果状语。不定式表示偶然性很强或意想不到的结果，所以C项不符合逻辑。正确答案为A。 ________in the chair, she was reading her novel carefully. A．Seat

　　B．Seating

　　C．Seated

　　D．To seat

　　易误选A、B

　　考生会误把此处当做“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型，从而误选A；也有些考生可能会认为seat的动作是主语发出的，用动词­ing形式，从而误选B。其实，在含有seat的句型中，如果人作主语，句型则为：sb be seated...因此，根据句子语境可知，此处用过去分词短语作状语表示一种状态。正确答案为C。

　　Jack came and said that he would go to London and asked if you had anything ________to your daughter. A．bringing

　　B．being brought

　　C．to bring

　　D．to be brought

　　易误选C

　　考生会以为have sth to do结构中的不定式为主动形式表被动意义，于是误选C。其实，根据句子语境可知，由于bring的动作并不是主语发出的，而是由他人完成的，故正确答案为D。 ________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. A．Exposed

　　B．Having exposed C．Being exposed

　　D．After being exposed

　　易误选A、D

　　考生不懂句子结构，会根据汉语思维，误选D、A，其实题干缺主语，逻辑被动关系所以用being exposed作主语，故选C。

　　Though ________money, his parents managed to send him to university. A．lacked

　　B．lacking of

　　C．lacking in

　　D．lacked of

　　易误选B

　　考查状语从句省略，学生会从in lack of迁移，误选B，其实lack vt.或vi.，vi.时和in搭配，故选C。 With his work ________on time, he felt very excited. A．to be finished

　　B．to finish C．finishing

　　D．finished

　　易误选A

　　许多考生会认为，“工作”与“完成”之间为动宾关系，从而误选A。其实，不定式表示要做的事情，而过去分词表示已经完成的事情。根据句子内容可知，工作已经完成，正确答案为D。 The introduction of the new equipment has led to many workers ________． A．lay off

　　B．being laid off C．laid off

　　D．to be laid off

　　易误选D

　　许多考生会以为lead to后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，从而误选A。另外有些考生认为many workers后接动词­ed形式作宾语补足语或定语，从而误选C。也有些考生认为lead to后面接sb to do sth，从而误选D。其实，选项A、C不符合lead to的用法；选项D中的不定式表示将来的动作，这与句子谓语动词所表示的时态相矛盾。根据lead to后面接名词或动名词作宾语这一用法及many workers与动词短语lay off存在逻辑上的动宾关系可知，此处应用动名词短语的被动形式作lead to的宾语。正确答案为B。 Not far from the club there was a garden, ________owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A．whose

　　B．its

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　易误选A

　　考生很容易误选A。解决此题的关键是理解seated这个单词，它是过去分词，而不是动词的过去式，它不能在句中作谓语。所以空格后面的部分不是一个非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，故选代词its。最佳答案为B。 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________． A．it what to do with

　　B．what to do it with C．what to do with it

　　D．to do what with it

　　易误选B

　　考生很容易误选B项。“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句子中可以充当主语、(介词)宾词、表语等。短语do with意为“处理，应付”，动词do是一个及物动词，疑问代词what作其宾语，介词with后还须跟一个宾语(通常由一个名词或代词充当)，故选项C为本题的正确答案。

　　Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16­year­old boy, saying that he was not the one ________． A．blamed

　　B．blaming

　　C．to blame

　　D．to be blamed

　　易误选D

　　考生很容易误选D项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对动词不定式作后置定语用法的考查。be to blame为一个固定的结构，意为“负有责任”。本题中的to blame可以看作是who was to blame的省略形式。to blame是一个主动形式表示被动含义的结构。正确答案为C项。

　　考 点 精 析

　　基 础 盘 点 1．现在分词doing, being done, having done, having

　　been done含义及所作成分。 2．过去分词done含义及所作成分。 3．不定式常见形式to do, to be done，to be doing, to

　　have done，to have been done含义及所作成分和相

　　关句型。 4．动名词doing, being done, having，done, having

　　been done 含义及与不定式的区别。

　　热 门 考 点 1．不定式、分词作状语； 2．独立主格结构作状语； 3．with介词复合结构作状语； 4．分词、不定式作宾补、主补； 5．不定式、分词作定语； 6．不定式、动名词作宾语； 7．不定式符号to保留问题； 8．涉及不定式、动名词的特殊句型； 9．状语从句省略与非谓语动词； 10．wh­to do结构； 11．there to be n．/pron./there being n．/pron.。

　　关 注 节 点

　　(2017·山东卷)George returned after the war, only ________that his wife had left him. A．to be told

　　B．telling

　　C．being told

　　D．told 答案　A　[only to do表示意外的结果。] (2017·湖南卷)Time, ________correctly, is money in the bank. A．to use

　　B．used

　　C．using

　　D．use 答案　B　[time和use构成逻辑主谓关系，且为被动。]

　　热点4·1 点击进入word 1．现在分词(定、状、补、表)

　　doing 主动 与谓动同时进行或先后紧接着发生 being done 被动 与谓动同时进行或先后紧接着发生 having done 主动 在谓动之前发生或已经发生 having been done 被动 在谓动之前发生或已经发生 ※(1)having been done和having done只能作状语 (2)having been done作状语时可与done替换

　　2．过去分词(定、状、补、表)

　　done 被动 在谓动之前发生或已经发生 3．常见不定式(主、宾、定、状、补、表)

　　to do 主动 在谓动之后发生或尚未发生 to be done 被动 在谓动之后发生或尚未发生 to be doing 主动 表示正在进行 to have done 主动 在谓动之前发生或已经发生 to have been done 被动 在谓动之前发生或已经发生 ※to be doing/to have done/to have been done只能作表语、宾语、主补

　　分词和不定式作状语 1．分词和不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(否则，一般不能使用分词和不定式作状语) 2．分词和不定式作状语时，可表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，相当于对应功能的状语从句(主、从句主语一致)，有时可被状语从句引导词＋非谓语形式(状语从句省略结构)代替

　　Told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

　　＝Although/Though told many times, he...mistake.

　　＝Although/Though he had been told many times, he...mistake.