山东省高密市教科院2017届高考英语二轮复习《完型填空之说明文》学案

　　山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《完型填空之说明文》学案

　　专题导读

　　说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。

　　具体特点为：

　　1. 开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。

　　2. 结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序（指先后顺序），空间顺序（从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外），逻辑顺序（前因后果、先果后因、先主后次），认识顺序（由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质）。

　　说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。

　　真题典例

　　［2010·安徽卷］

　　Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often，people buy a pen based only on __2__，and wonder

　　why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However，buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.

　　First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic （特征）__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers，you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top­ heavy and unstable.

　　Then，the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly （均匀地） while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also

　　be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink，__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again.

　　__17__，the pen should make a thick，dark line. Fine­ line pens may __18__ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text，as，__20__，a signature on a printed letter. A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority （权威）．

　　（）1. A. many 　B. few

　　C. pleasant D. important

　　（）2. A. looks

　　B. reasonC. value D. advantages

　　（）3. A. once

　　B. ifC. because D. though

　　（）4. A. convenient

　　B. practical C. strange D. difficult

　　（）5. A. heavy

　　B. easyC. hard D. safe

　　（）6. A. taking

　　B. findingC. determining

　　D. seeking

　　（）7. A. stronger B. weakerC. smaller

　　D. larger

　　（）8. A. prefer B. recommendC. prepare

　　D. demand

　　（）9. A. hardly B. also

　　C. never

　　D. still

　　（）10. A. thick

　　B. lightC. long

　　D. soft

　　（）11. A. change B. allowC. reduce

　　D. press

　　（）12. A. They

　　B. OneC. This

　　D. Some

　　（）13. A. thin

　　B. roughC. black

　　D. smooth

　　（）14. A. prevent B. free

　　C. protect

　　D. remove

　　（）15. A. way B. sight

　　C. flow

　　D. stream

　　（）16. A. so

　　B. asC. and

　　D. yet

　　（）17. A. Meanwhile

　　B. GenerallyC. Afterwards

　　D. Finally

　　（）18. A. show upB. differ from C. break down

　　D. compensate for

　　（）19. A. attention B. supportC. respect

　　D. admission

　　（）20. A. at most

　　B. for exampleC. in brief

　　D. on purpose

　　1．B　文章开头说人们很少注意选择钢笔，原因是手写的东西很少。

　　2．A　人们买钢笔主要基于样子（looks）。

　　3．A　一旦使用才发现并不满意。

　　4．D　如果按作者说的做，买一支喜欢的钢笔并不难。

　　5．B　买钢笔要与手合适，使用起来容易。

　　6．C　钢笔的粗度决定了使用时是否舒适。

　　7．D　手大的当然要买粗一点的，与前文Having a small hand相呼应。

　　8．A　根据句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗，你可能会更喜欢一支更粗的笔。”选A。recommend“推荐”；prepare“准备”；demand“要求”，均不合句意。

　　9．B　钢笔的长度也影响舒适度。

　　10．C　太长的笔拿着容易感到头重，不稳。

　　11．B　笔尖要使得墨水均匀流畅。

　　12．C　这一点（This）使得流利书写成为可能。

　　13．D　根据前一句话“...allow the ink to flow evenly（均匀地） while

　　the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知：使你的书写线条流畅。

　　14．A　不写的时候，笔尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止；free from免于；protect...from保护；remove from从……中移开（拿走，除掉）。

　　15．C

　　16．B　当你拿笔或放笔的时候。

　　17．D　由上文First of all...，Then...可知这里应用Finally。

　　18．D　好的笔可以弥补书写差的缺点。show up使显示出；differ from与……不同；break down损坏，发生故障；compensate for 赔偿，补偿损失。

　　19．A　和印刷体比较，写得好（指签名）也并不能引起注意。

　　20．B　at most 至多；for example 例如；in brief 总之；on purpose故意地。新题预测

　　Long time ago, if a child had some problems in his life, he might go home and write in his

　　___1__. Now, a child with the same problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog（博客）. In many ways, a diary and a blog are very

　　__2__. So, what makes blogging different from writing in a（an）

　　__3__

　　diary?

　　The biggest difference is that a blog is much more

　　__4__

　　than a diary. Usually, a teenager treats his diary like a book full of

　　__5___

　　that he does not want to

　　__6__.

　　It's interesting that someone who writes in a blog

　　__7__

　　a diary will probably write nearly the same information.

　　I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog. She

　　__8__

　　about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test.

　　__9__

　　I was her age, I wrote about the same things, but

　　__10__

　　in my diary. Then, after I had finished writing, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was

　　__11__

　　that my sister might read it!

　　The biggest

　　__12__

　　with blogging is that anyone can read what you write. If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something

　　__13__

　　about her in my diary, she would never know. __14__， if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend, that friend

　　__15__

　　read her blog and get angry.

　　There are also

　　__16__

　　to blogging, of course. If I was feeling sad one day and wrote in my diary, “Nobody cares about me，” __17__

　　would know about it. However,

　　if my sister wrote

　　the same sentence in her blog, her best friends would

　　__18__

　　respond（回应）and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people

　　__19__

　　in contact with their friends and

　　know what the people

　　___20__

　　them are doing.

　　（）1.A.notebook

　　B．diary

　　C．blog D．Book

　　（）2.A.familiar

　　B．sameC．similar D．Different

　　（）3.A.old B．realC．daily

　　D．Traditional

　　（）4.A.convenient

　　B．secretC．public

　　D．cheap

　　（）5.A.secrets B．mysteriesC．questions D．Puzzles

　　（）6.A.publish

　　B．shareC．solve D．Answer

　　（）7.A.instead

　　B．as well asC．in favor of D．instead of

　　（）8.A.wonders

　　B．learnsC．writes D．worries

　　（）9.A.Although B．WhenC．Because

　　D．Since

　　（）10.A.only B．neverC．also

　　D．Still

　　（）11.A.surprised B．gladC．interested D．Worried

　　（）12.A.difficulty B．reasonC．problem D．mistake

　　（）13.A.good

　　B．meanC．funny D．Interesting

　　（）14.A.However

　　B．AlsoC．Then

　　D．Besides

　　（）15.A.will

　　B．shouldC．must D．Might

　　（）16.A.problems B．goodsC．advantages D．mistakes

　　（）17.A.everyone B．no oneC．someone D．Anyone

　　（）18.A.happily B．hardlyC．seldom D．Quickly

　　（）19.A.stay B．putC．lose D．Find

　　（）20.A.besides B．overC．around D．in front of

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文，说明了博客和日记相比的优缺点。这篇文章和我们现实生活贴得很近，解答问题时要多考虑实际，做起来就比较顺手。