2017高三英语二轮复习 江苏专用 完型填空+阅读理解14

　　高考维“升”素14——历史文化

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A1 阅读理解

　　选材网站：http：//course.cug.edu.cn/cugThird

　　高考曾用材料：2017D篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　The

　　modern

　　British Empire first took shape in the early 17th century，with the British settlement of the eastern colonies of North America，which would later become the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica.

　　These sugar plantation islands，where slavery became the basis of the economy，were at first Britain's most important and successful colonies.The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.

　　Britain's American empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization.The ever growing American colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands.Conflict arose with the Dutch over trade and empire; First Anglo­Dutch War (1652～1654); Second Anglo­Dutch War (1665～1667); Third Anglo­Dutch War (1672～1674); Britain gained control of New Amsterdam，which was renamed New York，but ceded Suriname.They defeated the French，first expanding their hold over the maritime provinces.Then during the Seven Years War the British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760.This gave Britain control over almost all of North America.Fourth Anglo­Dutch War (1780～1784); Anglo­Dutch Treaty of 1814；Anglo­Dutch Treaty of 1824.

　　In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technological advances led to the Industrial Revolution.Britain's position as the world's pre­eminent trader helped fund research and experimentation.The nation was also gifted by some of the world's greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the new revolution.

　　Notes：

　　①naval adj.海的　②cede vt.放弃　③treaty n．条约

　　④pre­eminent adj.卓越的；优秀的

　　长短句分析：The American colonies providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants.

　　句法点睛：本句中，“providing tobacco，cotton，and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north”为定语，修饰colonies；but连接两个谓语。

　　句意：美洲的殖民地，南方提供了烟草、棉花、水稻，北方提供了海产品和皮毛，这从经济上不是很成功，但是肥沃的农业用地吸引了大量的英国移民。

　　【语篇解读】 现代大不列颠帝国的雏形开始于17世纪，当时英国占领了现在美国、加拿大临海的一些省份以及北美一些岛屿国家的地方。英国进行了残酷的殖民统治，从当地人手中夺取了大量的土地。南方为英国人提供烟草、棉花和水稻，而北方则提供大量的优质农业用地。经过多年的战争，英国人从法国人手中夺取了土地，并与当地人签署协议，成为合法的土地使用者。这里的煤炭为18世纪晚期和19世纪早期的工业革命提供了能源保证。

　　1．Where did the British first settle when they first came to America in the 17th century?

　　A．Only the United States.

　　B．Not only the United States but also parts of other countries.

　　C．The whole of Canada.

　　D．Small islands.

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。由“the original United States，as well as Canada's Maritime provinces，and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago，the Bahamas，Barbados，and Jamaica”可知，当时英国占领的不仅仅是美国，还占领了加拿大的临海省份，以及一些岛屿国家。]

　　2．According to the passage what in America made the British interested most?

　　A．Tobacco，cotton，and rice.

　　B．Naval material and furs.

　　C．A great deal of good farmland.

　　D．Forests.

　　答案　C　[联系第二段中的“naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful，but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants”可知，英国移民看上的不是海产品和皮毛，而是大量的肥沃土地。]

　　3．What does the underlined word “pressed” mean in the third paragraph?

　　A．Touched.

　　B．Pushed.

　　C．Published.

　　D．Extended.

　　答案　D　[词义猜测题。联系“westward in search of new agricultural lands”可知，这些殖民者向西扩张以寻求更多的土地，因此D项最合适。]

　　4．How many years was it from the first war with Anglo to the end of the last war in history?

　　A．132 years.

　　B．162 years.

　　C．172 years.

　　D．108 years.

　　答案　A　[推理判断题。第一次战争开始于1652年，而最后一次战争结束于1784年，因此得出答案A。]

　　5．From the last paragraph we can see，________ was the main energy of the Britain's Industrial Revolution.

　　A．land

　　B．coal

　　C．rice

　　D．cotton

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。联系文章最后一句“The nation was also gifted by some of the world's greatest reserves of coal，the main fuel of the new revolution.”可知，煤炭是英国工业革命的主要能源。]

　　维A2 阅读理解

　　选材网站：http：//encarta.msn.com

　　高考曾用材料：2017卷B篇

　　选材相似度：★★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★

　　Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environments.For example，the end of the last Ice Age，beginning

　　about

　　15,000 years ago，brought an enormous challenge to which humans had to adapt.Before this time，large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth's water.In North America，large animals that roamed the vast tundra provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters.When the earth became warm，large Ice Age animals disappeared，and many land areas were submerged by rising sea levels from melting ice.But people survived.They developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species.Finally some people settled into permanent villages，durable houses and farms.

　　Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet.Through history，major developments in technology，medicine，and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever­increasing numbers.The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today.

　　However，the successes of culture can also create problems in the long run.Over the last 200 years，people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes.The global population now consumes some crucial natural resources—such as petroleum，wood，and mineral ores—faster than nature can produce them.Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.Thus，the adaptive success of the present­day global culture of production and commerce may be temporary.

　　Notes：

　　tundra n．冰原；苔原　②submerge vt.淹没

　　③crucial adj.关键的　④ore n．矿

　　长短句分析：Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways.

　　句法点睛：这是个主从复合句。Many scientists believe为主句部分，in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes为宾语从句的时间状语，people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways为宾语从句的主干部分。

　　句意：很多科学家认为，在燃料燃烧和产生垃圾的过程中，人们可能正以无法预测的，甚至是有害的方式改变着全球的气候。

　　【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。文章论述了人类在适应自然环境得到了飞速发展的同时，也带来了系列问题：人类的过度发展破环了自然，以至给人类自己带来了灾难。

　　1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

　　A．How the human being survived in the Ice Age.

　　B．What the situation was during the Ice Age.

　　C．What caused the Ice Age to come to an end.

　　D．Why the Ice Age was very important.

　　答案　A　[主旨大意题。虽然冰川融化，人类食物链遭到破坏，但由于人类具有认识和使用新技术的能力而得以存活，并发展状大。]

　　2．The passage doesn't tell the readers ________.

　　A．what caused the earth to become warm

　　B．when the ending of the Ice Age began

　　C．the population of the Ice Age

　　D．the problem of cultural adaptation

　　答案　A　[细节理解题。短文没有论及地球变暖的原因。]

　　3．Which is the problem of cultural adaption?

　　A．A very developed culture came into being.

　　B．Too much species have been endangered.

　　C．The world has become too crowded.

　　D．Human activities have made damage to the balance of nature.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源而破坏了生态平衡。]

　　4．In face of the greater challenge，human beings should ________.

　　A．stop developing any longer

　　B．reduce using too much natural resources

　　C．find a way out to stop the warming up of the globe

　　D．save more animals in case they all die out

　　答案　B　[细节理解题。人类过量使用自然资源已经导致了环境的恶化，理智的办法就是减少使用自然资源。]

　　维B 任务型阅读

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的单词空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个。

　　Traditional Chinese weddings are always filled with red things to bring lucky blessings and respects.And even wedding customs reflect Chinese philosophy.

　　The Chinese worship(崇敬)the Sun，regarding the color red as the symbol of happiness，success，luck，faith and growth.They like red very much.In traditional Chinese weddings，there are Double Happiness in red，red scarves，red flowers and the bride wears a red coat.

　　A marriage is not only a combination of the couple；traditionally，it means the combination of two families.So the wedding ceremony should reflect the holiness(神圣)of a marriage，drawing the attention of relatives and friends.There is harmony between nature and the people inside.

　　Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes the formality(遵守礼节)and the relationships between people.During a marriage，two families become in­laws.The ceremony reflects the importance and family status of the parents.

　　After the ceremony，the bride and the groom usually burn money and food as offerings to the gods.As the fire consumes the offerings accompanied by the sound of firecrackers，the gods accept the gift，indicating that there is harmony between nature and people.

　　The sound of musical instruments in the wedding is usually loud to express the voice of the people.The sound should be loud enough to let nature know，and it also indicates the importance of the marriage.

　　In traditional weddings，the bride usually has red dates(红枣)，peanuts，longans(桂圆)and melon seeds(瓜子)．The meaning is evident in the Chinese pronunciation of these four words.When they are said together，it sounds like“Have a baby soon”.

　　Title The Meaning of Traditional Chinese__1__Customs

　　Introduction Chinese wedding customs are a__2__of Chinese philosophy.

　　Be always filled with_73_things ◆The Chinese__4__the Sun.

　　◆In China，red__5__happiness，success，luck，faith and growth.

　　Invite relatives and friends to the wedding A marriage__6__not only the couple but also the two families.

　　◆Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes the__7__and the relationships between people.

　　◆The ceremony reflects the importance and position of the parents.

　　The sound of musical instruments ◆The sound is loud to express the voice of the people.

　　◆The sound also shows the__8__of the marriage.

　　Cultural significance of the food ◆In traditional weddings，__9__usually eat red dates，peanuts，longans and melon seeds.

　　The Chinese__10__of these four foods sounds like“Have a baby soon”.

　　【语篇解读】 中国传统婚礼为什么充满了红色？为什么要邀请新人的亲朋好友们参加婚礼？婚礼上演奏的乐声为什么总是很响亮？阅读文章后，你会发现这些习俗背后的文化意义。

　　答案及解析：

　　1．Wedding　[通读全文可以看出本文讲的是中国传统婚礼习俗的意义。]

　　2．reflection　[根据第一段中的“And even wedding customs reflect Chinese philosophy.”以及空后面的介词可知，此处应用reflect的名词形式。]

　　3．red　[根据第一段第一句以及右栏内容可知，此处应填red。]

　　4．worship　[由第二段首句“The Chinese worship(崇敬)the Sun”可知，用worship。]

　　5．symbolizes　[将第二段首句中的“regarding the color red as the symbol of ” 进行转换可知，此处应用symbolize“象征”，注意应用第三人称单数形式。]

　　6．combines　[将第三段第一句进行转换可知答案，婚姻不仅是夫妻两人的结合，也是两个家庭的结合。]

　　7．formality　[根据第四段第一句可直接得出答案。邀请亲朋好友是遵守礼节的表现。]

　　8．importance　[根据倒数第二段中的“...it also indicates the importance of the marriage.”可直接得出答案。]

　　9．brides　[根据最后一段中的“In traditional weddings，the bride usually has...”以及空后的谓语动词eat可知， 此处主语应用复数brides。]

　　10．pronunciation　[根据最后一段最后两句可得出答案。]