2015届高考英语一轮复习教案：Module 4《Sandstorms in Asia》（外研版必修三）

　　Module 4　Sandstorms in Asia

　　【美文阅读】　

　　How to Survive a Sandstorm

　　Sandstorms are among nature's most violent and unpredictable phenomena(现象)．High winds lift sand into the air，reducing visibility(能见度) to almost nothing in a few seconds.Nearly all dust storms are capable of causing property damage，injuries，and deaths.No matter where you live，it's a good idea to know what to do if you see a wall of sand racing toward you.Here are some tips for you.

　　Be prepared.If you are in a stormy area，carry a mask designed to

　　remove small sand，and bring airtight goggles(密封护目镜) to protect your eyes.It's also wise to carry a supply of water in case you are tracked in a storm.Dust storms are usually accompanied by high temperatures，and you can quickly become dehydrated (脱水的)in the dry heat and high winds.Wear or carry clothing that covers your body to protect yourself from the sandblasting，and to keep warm.

　　Outrun(比……跑得快) the storm.If you see a sandstorm from a distance，and you are in a vehicle or have access to one，you may be able to outrun it.Some sandstorms can travel at more than 75 miles per hour，but they often travel much slower.Trying to outrun a

　　storm，however，is not advisable if you have to put yourself at risk by traveling at high speed.If the storm is catching up with you，it's best to stop and prepare for it.

　　Take cover and stay still.Do not attempt to move about in a storm，as you will not be able to see potential danger in your path.

　　If you're in a house，stay inside.If you can quickly reach such a

　　place before a sandstorm reaches you，get there as quickly as possible.Close all windows and doors，and wait out the storm.

　　If you're in a vehicle，roll up the windows and turn off the vents that bring outside air in.

　　If you are outside，seek out a large rock to protect yourself at least partially.

　　Protect yourself from flying objects.Cover as much of your body as possible to protect yourself from flying sand.In addition，while the sand can hurt，a sandstorm's high winds can also carry heavier(and hence more dangerous) objects.If you find yourself no place to stay，try to stay low to the ground and protect your head with your arms, or a backpack.

　　【诱思导学】　

　　　Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.What should we do to reduce or stop sandstorms?

　　【答案】　Students' own answer.

　　Period ⅠPreviewing

　　●教学目标

　　本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

　　●教学地位

　　该部分为此模块的Warming Up，介绍了与“沙尘暴”有关的词汇，并设计了三个练习活动。通过教材设计的这三个活动，可以让学生初步熟悉这些词的意义，为以后的各项学习活动做好准备。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师可以利用一张沙尘暴的图片导入新课，如：Look at the picture. What happens? There is a terrible sandstorm.Some cars are almost buried.That is，they are almost covered with sand.教师在引入单词时，重复需要强调的单词，有必要时可以写上黑板。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.篇章结构

　　阅读P32的文章，完成下面表格(每空不超过3个词)

　　General idea of each part More details

　　Part 1 (Para 1) Sandstorms have been a major 1.

　　. Scientists have tried many ways to 2.

　　the problem.

　　Part 2 (Para 2)3.

　　are sandstorms？ Sandstorms are strong，dry winds.They can carry sand；they are often so 4.

　　that you cannot see the sun；sometimes they are strong enough to move sand 5.

　　.

　　Part 3 (Para 3) 6.

　　do sandstorms form？ Sandstorms begin in desert areas；due to 7.

　　，sandstorms in China appear to 8.

　　in recent years.

　　Part 4 (Paras 4～6)

　　Sometimes

　　even Beijing is affected by sandstorms. The 9.

　　of the storm sometimes surprises people；the government is taking measures to 10.

　　the desert coming nearer.

　　【答案】　1.disaster　2.solve　3.What　4.thick

　　5．dunes　6.How　7. desertification　8.have increased

　　9．strength　10.prevent

　　Ⅱ.语篇理解

　　阅读P32的Reading and Vocabulary部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳答案

　　1．When sandstorms happen，what will you wear if you go out?

　　A．hat.　B．A coat.　C．A mask.

　　2．How many kilometers is the desert away to the west of Beijing?

　　A．350.　B. 250.　C. 150.

　　3．Which statement is WRONG?

　　A．People sometimes can't forecast the strength of a storm.

　　B．The government plans to continue planting trees for the next ten

　　years.

　　C．Northwest China is part of the sandstorm center in central Asia.

　　4．According to the text, we can learn that sandstorms

　　.

　　A．cause people to buy more masks

　　B．are difficult to deal with

　　C．are not dangerous but frightening

　　5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

　　A．Ren Jianbo thought he would probably die from the sandstorm.

　　B．A sandstorm can be forecast several months before it arrives.

　　C．Sandstorms occur in Beijing mainly because of its dry climate.

　　【答案】　1－5　C B B B A

　　Ⅲ.课文缩写

　　用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写

　　Sandstorms have been a major 1.

　　for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to 2.

　　this problem.

　　Sandstorms are strong，dry winds that carry sand. They are often 3.

　　thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand 4.

　　.The four main places in the world 5.

　　there are sandstorms are Central Asia，North America，Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert，“To 6.

　　a sandstorm was a terrible 7.

　　.”he said. “It was the most 8.

　　and the most dangerous 9.

　　I've ever been in.You just had to hope you'd 10.

　　. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.”

　　【答案】　1.disaster　2.solve　3.so　4.dunes　5.where

　　6．have been caught in　7.experience　8.frightening

　　9．situation　10.survive

　　Ⅰ.词义搭配

　　1．frighteningA．involving a large number of people or things

　　2．mass

　　B．a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result

　　3．process

　　C．the physical power and energy that makes someone strong

　　4．forecast

　　E．making you feel afraid or nervous

　　5．strength

　　F．to make a statement saying what is likely to happen in the future，based on the information that you have now

　　【答案】　1.E　2.A　3.B　4.F　5.C

　　Ⅱ.短语填空

　　1．We

　　the storm and got wet.

　　2．We must

　　this disease

　　spreading.

　　3．Many big trees along the road have been

　　for building houses.

　　4．They came in

　　so as not to take up time.

　　5．We must

　　the fact that this kind of animal is in the danger of dying out.

　　【答案】　1.were/got caught in　2.prevent；from　3.cut down　4.one after another　5.wake up to

　　Ⅲ.句型背诵

　　1．They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.

　　沙尘常常如此之厚以至于你看不到太阳，并且有时候风很强，足以移动沙丘。

　　2．To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.

　　遭遇沙尘暴是一次很可怕的经历。

　　3．Sandstorms in China appear to have increased

　　in recent years as a result of “desertification”．

　　近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。

　　4．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

　　沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，并且由于浓浓的尘埃使能见度变低，使得交通变得非常缓慢。

　　5．To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.

　　为了阻止它越来越靠近北京，政府已经开始植树。

　　Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语。

　　(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文更加熟练的运用这些词汇。

　　●教学地位

　　该部分介绍了“亚洲的沙尘暴”。围绕着课文，编者设计了五个与课文内容和词汇有关的练习。通过这些练习，学生可以增进对沙尘暴危害性的了解，熟悉有关沙尘暴的词汇。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师用多媒体放一段有关沙尘暴的录像，然后问课本所列问题，导入课文。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．frightening adj.吓人的；令人害怕的

　　It has lasted for ten hours and was very frightening.

　　(教材P31)它持续了10个小时并且非常可怕。

　　I will never forget that frightening experience.

　　我永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。

　　①frighten vt.(使)惊恐

　　frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓唬某人做某事

　　②frightened adj.感到恐惧的；害怕的

　　be frightened at/of ...害怕……；对……感到恐惧

　　　Don't frighten the children！别吓唬小孩子！

　　He frightened me out of telling the truth.

　　他恐吓我不要说实话。

　　He was frightened at the coming examination.

　　他对即将到来的考试惊恐不安。

　　frightening/frightened

　　frightening 令人恐惧的；可怕的 一般用于指事物，在句中作定语或表语。

　　frightened 受惊的，害怕的 一般用于指人，在句中作定语或表语。

　　　He was frightened of losing power.他害怕失去权力。

　　All the stone figures in the temple looked so frightening.庙里所有的石像看上去都那么吓人。

　　选词填空(frightening/frightened/frighten)

　　①She was

　　at the thought of the examination.

　　②It is

　　to be cycling in a sandstorm.

　　③The

　　girl was

　　by the

　　dog.

　　④They dress up and try to

　　people.

　　【答案】　①frightened　②frightening　③frightened；frightened；frightening　④frighten

　　2．cut down砍倒；缩减；降价

　　Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.(教材P31)

　　人们砍伐树木和铲除草地也会导致沙漠的形成。

　　The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.

　　那棵苹果树枯死了，所以他把它砍掉了。

　　cut down on减少……的量

　　cut in插嘴，打断

　　cut off切断，阻断，隔绝

　　cut out剪除，切掉，删除

　　cut up切碎

　　　You smoke too much—you should try to cut down.

　　你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。

　　His mother has to cut up all his food for him.

　　他母亲不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2017·陕西高考)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has

　　.

　　A．cut out　B．cut down

　　C．cut up

　　D．cut off

　　【解析】　cut out裁剪，戒掉；cut down削减，压缩，缩减；cut up切碎，切开；cut off切断，隔断，断绝。由语境My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking可知说话者的叔叔并没有“戒掉”吸烟，从后面的but at least的转折可以得知“他减少了吸烟的量”。因此该题的正确答案为B。句意：我叔叔虽然没能戒掉吸烟，但是至少他吸得少了。

　　【答案】　B

　　用适当的介词或副词完成下列句子

　　①他把树砍倒，又把它劈成烧火用的小柴块。

　　He cut

　　the tree and cut it

　　for firewood.

　　②村庄被大雪阻隔。

　　The village was cut

　　by the heavy snow.

　　③ 我们正在看电视，播音员打断了节目，插播了一条最新消息。

　　While we were watching TV，an announcer cut

　　to tell us a piece of latest news.

　　④医生建议他少喝酒。

　　The doctor advised him to cut

　　on drinking.

　　【答案】　①down；up　②off　③in　④down

　　3．mass adj.大众的；大量的，大规模的n.大量；众多；堆

　　Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.(教材P32)科学家们尝试过多种方法解决这个问题。在中国，也发动了群众运动来对付沙尘暴。

　　The police considered it as a mass murder.

　　警方认为这是一次大规模的谋杀。

　　masses of/a mass of＋n.[U/C]大量；许多

　　the mass of大多数；大部分

　　the masses群众；平民

　　　There is a mass of stones in the yard.

　　院子里有许多石头。

　　Our cause needs the support of the masses.

　　我们的事业需要人民群众的支持。

　　完成句子

　　①教室里有许多学生，他们正等着李教授的到来。

　　There are

　　in the classroom and they're waiting for Professor Li.

　　②他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。

　　Their latest product is aimed at

　　.

　　③一大堆岩石从悬崖上掉下来，堵塞了道路。

　　rocks fell from the cliff and blocked the road.

　　【答案】　①masses of students　②the mass market　③A great mass of

　　4．be caught in突然遭遇(风、雨等)

　　“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience，”he said.(教材P32)

　　“被困在沙尘暴中的经历真是太可怕了，”他说。

　　I am afraid that we'll be caught in a traffic jam.

　　我担心我们会遇到交通堵塞。

　　catch a cold患感冒

　　catch sight of...看见……

　　catch up with 追上；赶上

　　catch sb.doing...发现某人正在做……

　　catch one's eyes/attention 引起某人的注意

　　　Go ahead，please.I'll soon catch up with you.

　　请你先走，我很快就会赶上来。

　　The toys in the shop caught all the children's attention.孩子们的注意力都被商店里的玩具所吸引。

　　The teacher caught me cheating.

　　我作弊被老师抓个正着。

　　完成句子

　　①我突然在人群中看见了她。

　　I suddenly

　　her in the crowd.

　　②我们的车被困在雪里五个小时。

　　Our car

　　the snow for five hours.

　　③汤姆在阅读我的私人信件时恰好让我撞见了。

　　I

　　my private letters.

　　【答案】　①caught sight of　②was caught in

　　③caught Tom reading

　　5．Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．(教材P32)近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。

　　本句中appear to have done为不定式的完成式，表示一个更早的动作，发生在主要动词所表示的动作之前。其中appear用作系动词意为“似乎，好像”。

　　From her look，she appears to have known the truth.

　　从她的表情看，她好像已经知道了真相。

　　appear＋(to be) n．/adj.

　　appear to do/to be doing/to have done

　　似乎要做/正在做/已经做过某事

　　it appears(to sb.) that...似乎有人要……

　　There appears to be...似乎有……

　　　She appeared very tired.她似乎很累。

　　It appears to be raining.似乎在下雨。

　　It appears to me that you are all mistaken.

　　我觉得你们全错了。

　　完成句子

　　①他显得很老。

　　He appears

　　.

　　②他似乎做了这件事。

　　He

　　it.＝

　　he has done it.

　　③我觉得有点不对头。

　　something is wrong.

　　【答案】　①quite old　②appears to have done；It appears that　③It appears to me that

　　6．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.(教材P32)

　　沙尘暴有时会持续一整天，并且由于浓浓的尘埃使能见度变低，使得交通变得非常缓慢。

　　句中的makes it difficult to see中的make是使役动词，意为“使某人或某物处于某状态中”，其中it为形式宾语，difficult为宾语补足语，不定式短语to see为真正的宾语，其结构为：make it ＋adj./n. (for sb.) to do...。

　　The heavy snow made it impossible for them to get there on time.这场大雪使得他们不可能按时到达那儿。

　　He makes it a rule to recite a poem every morning.

　　他把每天早晨背诵一首诗作为一项规定。

　　常用于该结构的动词还有：feel；think；believe；find；consider等。构成：feel/think/believe/find/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do/ doing/that...

　　　I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without good memory.

　　我认为没有好的记忆力，掌握一门外语是不可能的。

　　We found it difficult to get along with him.

　　我们发现与他相处很难。

　　He found it strange that no one else had arrived.

　　他发现奇怪的是没有其他人来。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·陕西高考)No matter where he is，he makes

　　a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

　　A．him　B．this

　　C．that

　　D．it

　　【解析】　考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式to go for a walk before breakfast是真正的宾语。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　①我认为他不去上学是错误的。

　　I

　　he doesn't go to school.

　　②他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。

　　He

　　the subject again.

　　③ 医药的进步使人们活得更长成为了可能。

　　Progress in medicine

　　.

　　【答案】　①think it wrong that　②thought it no use discussing　③made it possible for people to live longer

　　7．strength n．[U]力量；力气[C]长处；优势

　　The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing，but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.(教材P32)中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报，但风力大得有时让人们吃惊。

　　The great strength of my plan is that it's so cheap compared to the others.

　　我的计划的最大长处是比其他计划耗资要少。

　　①have the strength to do有做……的力气/意志力

　　with all one's strength尽力

　　strong adj.强壮的

　　③strengthen v．加强

　　　He hasn't got enough strength to remove that stone.

　　他没有足够的力气搬走那块石头。

　　He raised the heavy box with all his strength.

　　他用全身力气举起了那个重箱子。

　　strength/force/power/energy

　　strength 强调“体力，力量，力气”。指承受或抗拒某一事物所固有的“能力”，引申为“强度”。

　　force 指物理学意义上的“力”，也指为做某事而使用的力量，还可指武力。其复数形式常指“兵力，军队”。

　　power 指“能力，权力”，也可指电力、动力。

　　energy 主要指人的精力、活力，也指自然界的能量。

　　　I shall do everything in my power to help you.

　　我将尽我所能帮助你。

　　It's a waste of time and energy.

　　那是在浪费时间和精力。

　　Force can never destroy right.暴力绝不能摧毁正义。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·福建高考)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

　　—Well，you know，English is my

　　.So it is my best choice.

　　A．strengthB．talentC．abilityD．skill

　　【解析】　考查名词辨析。句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——唉，你是知道的，英语是我的强项，所以这是我最好的选择。strength“优势，长处”，符合句意，故选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　选词填空(strength/force/power/energy)

　　①The solar cell can turn the

　　of sunlight into electric energy.

　　②If you drop something，the

　　of gravity will pull it to the floor.

　　③He lifted the stone with all his

　　.

　　④He has lost the

　　of walking.

　　【答案】　①energy　②force　③strength　④power

　　8．prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.阻止……做某事

　　To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees. (教材P32)为阻止沙漠蔓延，政府正在实施植树计划。

　　We were prevented by heavy fog from seeing anything.浓雾使我们什么也看不到。

　　表示“阻止……做某事”的词组还有：

　　stop...(from)doing sth.

　　keep...from doing sth.

　　　Nothing can stop/ keep him from realizing his dream.

　　没有什么能阻止他实现自己的梦想。

　　【提示】　主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的 from可省略，在被动句中from 不可省略，而keep...from中的from无论在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·福建高考)China recently tightened its waters

　　controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from

　　in the South China Sea.

　　A．attackingB．having attacked

　　C．being attacked

　　D．having been attacked

　　【解析】　考查动词的时态和语态。 句意：最近，中国为了保护中国渔船在南海不受到袭击，加强了黄岩岛附近水域的管辖。prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”，根据句意可知，attack与fishing boats之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C。

　　【答案】　C

　　单项填空

　　①Sixty people were

　　from the burning ship，but a great many more were drowned when it sank.

　　A．rescued

　　B．protected

　　C．prevented

　　D．escaped

　　【解析】　rescue...from...意为“把……从……解救出来”；protect...from...意为“保护……免受……”；prevent...from... 意为“阻止……做某事”；escape from意为“逃离，逃脱”，不用于被动语态，根据句意故选A。

　　【答案】　A

　　翻译句子

　　②我们必须阻止更多的树木被砍伐。

　　【答案】　We must prevent/stop more trees (from) being cut down.

　　Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语。

　　(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。

　　(4)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够正确运用动词不定式的各种形式：to do，to be done，to be doing，to have been done，but (to) do等。

　　●教学地位

　　通过GRAMMAR1要求学生理解“动词不定式”各种形式所表示的时间和语态概念，并能在句子中正确运用其各种形式。GRAMMAR 2该部分语法处理“动词不定式”的一种特殊形式，即but后面不带to的动词不定式，同时要求学生理解but在各种场合的意义。LISTENING AND VOCABULARY该部分引入了与环境有关的词汇，并通过填词、听、问答等活动帮助学生掌握这些词汇。PRONUNCIATION AND FUNCTION该部分介绍了交际功能“表示强烈的情感”(expressing strong opinions)和句子重读，并通过有关的练习帮助学生巩固这方面的知识。EVERYDAY ENGLISH这一部分的Everyday English来自本模块的听力部分。可以让学生再听一下听力练习的录音，以增强理解。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．have an effect on/upon...对……有(坏)影响

　　to have a bad effect on someone or something(教材P35)对某人或某物有坏影响

　　Sandstorms have a bad effect on the traffic here.

　　沙尘暴对这儿的交通不利。

　　in effect有效；在实施中

　　take effect 生效，起作用

　　bring/put/carry...into effect实行；使生效

　　come/go into effect 开始生效；开始实施

　　　The new system will soon take effect/be put into effect.新系统即将启用。

　　Some ancient laws are still in effect.

　　有些古代的法律现在仍然有效。

　　完成句子

　　①童年的不幸的经历对他的性格产生了很大的影响。

　　His childhood unhappy experience

　　his character.

　　②我们必须实行这个政策。

　　We must

　　this policy

　　.

　　③这项法律何时生效？

　　When will the law

　　？

　　【答案】　①had a great effect on　②put；into effect

　　③take effect

　　2．concerned(教材P35) adj.关心的；担心的；有关的；参与的

　　She is concerned about her son's study.

　　她很关心儿子的学习。

　　①be concerned with/in与……有关；与……有关系

　　be concerned about/for关心；挂念

　　as/so far as...be concerned就……而言/来说

　　concern n．担心，忧虑[C]关切的事

　　vt.涉及，对……有关系；使关心，挂念

　　　It is said that you are concerned with/in this matter.

　　据说你与这事有关。

　　As far as I am concerned，this plan is acceptable.

　　在我看来，这项计划是可以接受的。

　　完成句子

　　①总统对这个问题深感担忧。

　　The President is deeply

　　this issue.

　　②以我之见，这个想法真是荒诞至极。

　　， the idea is crazy.

　　③她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。

　　Her latest documentary

　　youth unemployment.

　　④忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件事可能会涉及他们孩子的事情。

　　The

　　parents are full of

　　the matter which may

　　their child.

　　【答案】　①concerned about　②As far as I'm concerned　③is concerned with　④concerned；concern about；concern

　　3．Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. (教材P35)树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。

　　(1)take in吸收；理解；欺骗

　　Young children are easy to take in.小孩容易被欺骗。

　　I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.

　　我发现很容易就能明白老师讲的内容。

　　take down记下来；拆掉

　　take off起飞；脱下；请假

　　take on呈现；雇佣

　　take over接收，接管，取代

　　take up占去，占据；开始；从事

　　　Meeting and phone calls take up a large part of the days.开会和接电话占用了一天中的大部分时间。

　　The city has taken on a new look.

　　城市呈现出新的面貌。

　　Who will take over the company when you retire?

　　你退休后谁来接管公司？

　　【对接高考】

　　(2017·辽宁高考)Briggs will

　　as general manager when Mitchell retires.

　　A．get awayB．take over

　　C．set off

　　D．run out

　　【解析】　get away意为“走开；逃脱惩罚”；take over意为“接管；接任”；set off意为“出发；动身”；run out意为“用完；耗尽”。根据retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：当Mitchell退休时，Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。

　　【答案】　B

　　用适当的介词或副词填空

　　①Don't let yourself be taken

　　by his tricks.

　　②The plane took

　　despite the fog.

　　③Please speak slowly so that I can take

　　your name and address.

　　④Our company has taken

　　a new clerk.

　　【答案】　①in　②off　③down　④on

　　(2)give out 发出(光、热、声音、气体等)；分发；发表；用完

　　Please give out the examination papers.

　　请把试卷发下去。

　　After a month their food supplies gave out.

　　过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。

　　give in让步；投降；上交

　　give away赠送；泄露；出卖

　　give up 投降；放弃

　　give off发出(气味，光等)

　　　But finally，he was forced to give in.

　　但最后他被迫屈服。

　　It's difficult to give up smoking.戒烟可不容易。

　　【提示】　表示“用光，用尽”时，give out，run out是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语。use up，run out of是及物动词短语，可接宾语。

　　用give短语完成下列句子

　　⑤Ever if we meet with difficulties, we never

　　hope.

　　⑥Bill Gates is so generous that he has

　　most of his money to charity.

　　⑦They argued back and forth until finally Tom

　　.

　　⑧The sun

　　light and heat to the earth.

　　【答案】　⑤give up　⑥　given away　⑦gave in

　　⑧gives out/off

　　4．complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚

　　He does nothing but complaining/complain.(教材P36)

　　他除了抱怨什么事也没做。

　　He is always complaining.他总是发牢骚。

　　①complain to sb.of/about sth.向某人抱怨某事

　　complain that...抱怨……

　　complaint n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉

　　　We have nothing to complain about/of.

　　我们没有什么好抱怨的。

　　People complain that they don't get enough information.人们抱怨得不到足够的信息。

　　完成句子

　　①我向旅馆经理抱怨说房间太潮湿了。

　　I

　　the room was too damp.

　　②她向我抱怨他没有礼貌。

　　She

　　his bad manners.

　　【答案】　①complained to the hotel manager that

　　②complained to me about/of

　　5．I couldn't agree with you more.我非常同意你的观点。/It couldn't be worse.(教材P36)再糟不过了。

　　这两个句式都是比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的意思，意为“非常……；再没有比……更……的了”。

　　I couldn't have found a better restaurant.

　　那是我找到的最好的一家餐馆了。

　　What a wonderful novel！I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一部小说呀！我从来没有读过比这部更感人的小说了。

　　can't/couldn't ...＋ too＋adj./adv.无论……都不为过

　　can't/ couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋ enough无论……都不为过/都不过分

　　　You can't be careful enough when driving.

　　你开车时怎样小心都不为过。

　　You cannot praise him too much.

　　你再怎样称赞他都不过分。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·天津高考)No one

　　be more generous; he has a heart of gold.

　　A．could　B．must

　　C．dare

　　D．need

　　【解析】　句意：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，A项could可以在否定句中表示推测，为正确答案。B项表推测，只用在肯定句中，dare和need不符合句意。

　　【答案】　A

　　①(2017·天津高考)—You have to believe in yourself.No one else will，if you don't.

　　—

　　.Confidence is really important.

　　A．It's not my cup of tea

　　B．That's not the point

　　C．I don't think so

　　D．I couldn't agree more

　　【解析】　句意：——你必须相信自己。如果你都不相信自己，没有人会相信你的。——我非常同意。自信真的很重要。通过Confidence is really important.可知第二个说话人同意对方的观点。故D项I couldn't agree more“我非常同意”符合句意。A项“这不是我所喜欢的(人或东西)”；B项“那不是重点”；C项“我不这样认为”，均不符合句意。注意把握couldn't这样的否定式与比较级连用时表示最高级(肯定语意)概念的用法。

　　【答案】　D

　　②Mr.Stevenson is great to work for－I really couldn't ask for a

　　boss.

　　A．betterB．good

　　C．best

　　D．still better

　　【解析】　考查比较级用法。“can't/couldn't...＋比较级”表示最高级含义。根据前半句“Mr. Stevenson is great to work for”可知，Stevenson是一个不错的老板，因此说“我真的找不到一个比他还好的老板了”，表示在我看来他是最好的。

　　【答案】　A

　　观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会动词不定式的用法。

　　①Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China，a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.

　　②They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.

　　③“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience，”he said.

　　④There was nothing to be done.

　　⑤Sandstorms in China appear

　　to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．

　　⑥The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

　　⑦When a sandstorm arrives in the city，weather experts advise people not to go out.

　　⑧To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.

　　⑨It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.

　　⑩To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees.

　　[自我总结]

　　不定式属于非谓语动词。除了不能作谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作

　　、

　　、宾语、

　　、定语和

　　。不定式的时态有：

　　、进行式、

　　和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用

　　形式。

　　【答案】　主语；表语；补语；状语；一般式；完成式；被动

　　动词不定式

　　一、动词不定式的时态和语态

　　时态

　　语态

　　主动语态

　　被动语态

　　一般式

　　to do

　　to be done

　　完成式

　　to have done to have been done

　　进行式

　　to be doing /

　　完成进行式 to have been doing /

　　1.若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后，不定式用一般式。

　　I hope that I'll see you again.→I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。

　　2．若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或持续进行，不定式用进行式。

　　Don't pretend to be working hard.Just do what you should.不要假装努力工作。做你该做的事。

　　3．若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或强调动作已经发生，不定式用完成式。

　　I am sorry to have cheated you.很抱歉欺骗了你。

　　4．当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。

　　He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

　　他被告知要派往农村工作。

　　He is said to have been invited to attend a meeting.

　　据说他已被邀请去参加一个会议。

　　二、不定式的语法功能

　　　不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

　　1．作主语

　　动词不定式作主语时，很多情况下用it作形式主语，而把不定式放到句末。

　　To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

　　骑自行车去那里将花我们半小时时间。

　　It's kind of you to help me with my English.

　　你真是太好了，帮我学英语。

　　It's necessary for us to make a plan for studies before a new term.我们有必要在学期之初制定学习计划。

　　2．作表语

　　当主语是aim，duty，hope，idea，mistake，plan，purpose，suggestion等为中心词的名词词组时，或以what引导的名词性分句，不定式说明主语的内容。

　　What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.

　　我建议推迟这次会议。

　　My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.我的主要目的是指出事情的困难所在。

　　3．作定语

　　(1)不定式作定语通常要放在所修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。

　　Have you got anything to do this evening?

　　今晚你有事吗？

　　(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级，the last/the only/the next或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。

　　This is the best way to solve the problem.

　　这是解决这个问题最好的办法。

　　He was the only one to finish the task on time.

　　他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。

　　4．作宾语

　　(1)有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，如：agree，ask，aim，attempt, choose，decide，demand，expect，fail，help，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，hope，wish等。

　　I decided to buy a walkman to learn English.

　　我决定买个随身听来学英语。

　　His brother wished to win the first prize.

　　他哥哥希望获得头奖。

　　(2)有些动词常用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，如：ask，wonder，teach，know，tell，see，learn，hear，explain，decide，show，forget，remember, discuss，find out等。

　　Mr.Smith didn't know when to leave there.

　　史密斯先生不知道何时离开那里。

　　I asked Professor Li how to learn English well.

　　我请教李教授如何学好英语。

　　5．作宾语补足语

　　下列动词常跟不定式作宾语补足语：advise，allow，believe，cause，consider，declare，enable，encourage，find，forbid，force，inform，invite，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，suppose，tell，think，warn。

　　The teacher told his students to pay more attention to their pronunciation.老师让学生多注意发音。

　　【提示】　不定式在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等和使役动词let，make，have等后面作宾语补足语时，不加不定式符号to，在动词help之后to可加可不加。

　　Could you help me (to) unload the car?

　　你能帮我卸车吗？

　　I never let my child stay in the house all day.

　　我从不让孩子整天都待在屋里。

　　I heard my neighbor lock the door.

　　我听见邻居把门锁上了。

　　The boss makes the children work long hours every day.老板让孩子们每天都长时间地工作。

　　6．作状语

　　(1)不定式作目的状语。强调时也可用in order to do或so as to do。

　　To conceal my emotion, I buried my face in my hands.为了掩饰我的情绪，我用手捂着脸。

　　The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

　　公共汽车停下来以接送乘客。

　　(2)不定式作结果状语。“only＋动词不定式”常表示未预料到的、令人沮丧的结果；so...as to...，such...as to...，enough to，以及too...to...等结构中的不定式也表结果。

　　He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

　　他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

　　The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。

　　He is too young to have seen the bloody war.

　　他年龄小，没有见过那场血腥的战争。

　　(3)不定式作原因状语。主要用在表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或过去分词后。

　　I am very sorry to hear that your mother is ill.

　　听到你母亲病了，我很难过。

　　三、but＋不定式

　　1．不定式在介词but，except后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do (而非助动词)的各种形式。那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。

　　I have no choice but to wait.我除了等待别无选择。

　　I had nothing to do but watch TV.

　　我除了看电视外无事可做。

　　She wanted nothing but to cry.

　　她什么都不想做，只想哭一场。

　　2．用于can't but，can't choose but，can't help but之类短语后，其不定式通常不带to。

　　We can't choose but wait.我们只能等待。

　　I can't but tell her the truth.我不得不告诉她真相。

　　We couldn't help but laugh when we heard his story.

　　听了他的故事，我们忍不住大笑起来。

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance

　　lives, including your own.

　　A．changeB．changing

　　C．changed

　　D．to change

　　【解析】　句意：志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”。如果用动词的­ing形式作定语，需借助于介词of，a chance of doing sth.“做某事的机会”，所以正确答案为D项。要注意常见的接动词不定式作定语的名词，如chance，ability，way等。

　　【答案】　D

　　2．(2017·湖南高考)

　　warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.

　　A．Staying

　　B．Stayed

　　C．To stay

　　D．Stay

　　【解析】　句意：“晚上为了取暖，我会填满柴炉，然后为闹钟定时以便半夜里能起来再添一次。”根据语境可知此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为C。为了突出目的，通常把目的状语置于句首。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．Mary couldn't help but

　　in despair，staring at the fox which had blood­red eyes and seemed

　　her.

　　A．feeling；to be watching

　　B．feel；watching

　　C．feel；to be watching

　　D．to feel；to have watched

　　【解析】　couldn't help but后面要跟动词原形；seem后接不定式，且此处强调动作正在进行，故第二空用动词不定式的进行式。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．It's likely that he is the only American hip­top artist

　　in China.

　　A．to have ever lived

　　B．to live ever

　　C．having ever lived

　　D. ever living

　　【解析】　考查不定式的用法。the only，the first等＋名词，用不定式作后置定语。ever一词，说明句子要表达的是到某一时刻为止的动作，因此用不定式的完成式。故选A项。

　　【答案】　A

　　5．(2017·青岛高一调研)With a report

　　about the accident，I have to find some witness for help.

　　A．write

　　B．writing

　　C．written

　　D．to write

　　【解析】　考查不定式作宾语补足语。with复合结构后的宾语补足语有三种形式，过去分词常用来表示动作的被动和完成，现在分词表示主动或进行，不定式表示动作还没有发生。从I have to find some witness for help.可知关于这次事故的报告还没有写，因此应该用to write。

　　【答案】　D

　　6．Though he had often made his little sister

　　，today he was made

　　by his little sister.

　　A．cry；to cry

　　B．crying；crying

　　C．cry；cry

　　D．to cry；cry

　　【解析】　make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。

　　【答案】　A

　　7．(2017·山东高考)I stopped the car

　　a short break as I was feeling tired.

　　A．take

　　B．taking

　　C．to take

　　D．taken

　　【解析】　句意：因为我感到累了，我停下车休息了一小会儿。此处用不定式短语作目的状语。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．It's good to know

　　the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.

　　A．what

　　B．whose

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】　句意：知道当我们不在家时狗将会受到很好的照顾真好。动词know后是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，用that起连接作用。

　　【答案】　D

　　9．(2017·菏泽高一检测)That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but

　　the police.

　　A．called in

　　B．calling in

　　C．call in

　　D．to call in

　　【解析】　have no choice but to do意思是“除做……之外别无选择”。

　　【答案】　D

　　10．Go on

　　the other exercise after you have finished this one.

　　A．to do

　　B．doing

　　C．with

　　D．to be doing

　　【解析】　go on to do sth.继续做(与原来不相同的)事。此句可以从the other exercise断定。

　　【答案】　A

　　Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空

　　1．I've worked with children before，so I know what

　　( expect) in my new job.

　　2．He is said

　　(study)abroad，but I don't know when he came back.

　　3．She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role

　　(play)in making the earth a better place to live.

　　4．My mother could do nothing but

　　(wait)for the doctor to arrive.

　　5．There's no choice but

　　(wait)till the rain stops.

　　6．He pretended

　　(listen)attentively when I pushed open his door.

　　7．The books and magazines are not allowed

　　(take)out of the reading room.

　　8．Our plan is

　　(set up) another middle school for the children.

　　9．—Do you have anything

　　(take) there?

　　—No.Thank you just the same.

　　10．

　　(get) there by bike will take us half an hour.

　　【答案】　1.to expect　2.to have studied　3.to play

　　4．wait

　　5.to wait　6.to be listening　7.to be taken　8.to set up　9.to be taken　10.To get

　　Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing

　　●教学目标

　　(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。

　　(2)理解课文。

　　(3)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，了解欧洲一些国家的环保情况。

　　(4) 写有关环保的短文。

　　●教学地位

　　该部分中写作练习分四个步骤进行：1.描述一、两个环境问题；2.提出解决的建议；3.将问题和建议分段写下来；4.写2至3个句子概括全文。Cultural Corner内容为“绿色运动”，介绍了欧洲一些国家的环保情况，读后可增强学生的环保意识。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师通过问题导入。Look at the picture.What is the child doing？If people do a lot of things to improve the environment，what is the movement called?

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.判断正误

　　阅读P39课文，判断正误

　　1．All the countries in the world look after the environment well.()

　　2．The “Green” movement began in the 1980s.()

　　【答案】　1－2　F F

　　Ⅱ. 语篇理解

　　阅读P39课文，选取最佳答案

　　1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according

　　to the passage?

　　A．All the countries in the world look after the environment well.

　　B．Europe countries usually work hard to improve the environment.

　　C．In Germany，people put different garbage into different bags.

　　2．The “Green” movement aims at

　　.

　　A．improving the living conditions

　　B．putting different garbage into different bags

　　C．getting governments to think about the environment and look after it

　　3．Which kind of garbage can't be put into the bags?

　　A．Paper.　B．Plastic.　C．Aerosol cans.

　　4．How did the “Green” movement deal with the industry?

　　A．By warning them not to produce pollution.

　　B．By getting people to put different garbage into different bags.

　　C．By collecting information and telling it to the public.

　　【答案】　1－4 A C C C

　　1. The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.(教材P39)然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。

　　句中的if possible意为“如果可能的话”，是一个省略的从句，其完整形式为：if it is possible。在if，when，while，once，whether，unless等引导的从句中如果含有be动词的某种形式，从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。

　　I will go to Beijing this week；if possible，I'll take my girlfriend，with me.这个星期我要去北京，可能的话，我要带着我的女朋友一块儿去。

　　He was knocked down while (he was) crossing the street.过马路时他被撞倒了。

　　if so如果是这样

　　if not否则的话

　　if any如果有的话

　　if ever 如果有过的话

　　if necessary 如果有必要的话

　　　I think there's a train at midday.If not，you'll have to wait till 5 p．m.我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到下午五点了。

　　I don't suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if any.我认为如果有的话，剩下的也不会超过一打了。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2011·江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.

　　，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

　　A．OtherwiseB．If not

　　C．But for that

　　D．If so

　　【解析】　考查省略和替代。从句意可知，此处表示对可能发生的事件的假设，因此选择if so“如果这样的话”，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　①如果有的话，我们图书馆的小说也不多。

　　There are not many novels in our library，

　　.

　　②你去我就去，否则我宁愿待在家里。

　　I'll go if you are going.

　　，I'd rather stay at home.

　　③如果需要的话，公共汽车会改变方向。

　　The bus will change its direction，

　　.

　　④如果可能的话，我将尽力帮助你。

　　，I will do everything to help you.

　　【答案】　①if any　②If not　③if necessary　④If possible

　　2．look through 浏览；仔细查看

　　Look through magazines to find pictures that you

　　can stick on your poster，for example，pictures of people planting trees.(教材P40) 浏览一下报纸，看看有没有你能贴到海报上的图片，例如，人们种植树木的图片。

　　You should look through your paper before handing it in.交试卷之前你必须仔细检查一下。

　　look for寻找

　　look after 照顾；照看

　　look into往里看；调查

　　look out当心

　　look up 查阅；抬头看

　　look forward to 期盼

　　look down on 轻视，看不起

　　　The committee is looking into the cause of the accident. 委员会正在调查事故的原因。

　　Look out! The road is full of holes.

　　小心！路上尽是坑。

　　Don't look down upon others.不要瞧不起人。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2017·安徽高考)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library

　　a book about it.

　　A．on

　　B．at

　　C．for

　　D．to

　　【解析】　句意：在你到某一旅游胜地去游览之前，先在你当地的图书馆找本有关的书看看。本题考查动词短语look for，因为in your local library这一地点状语插入其中，从而增加了识别的难度。实际上，本句也可以表达为：...look for a book about it in your local library.故选C项。

　　【答案】　C

　　用look短语完成句子

　　We should not

　　manual labor.

　　②They are

　　her visit.

　　③A working party has been set up to

　　the problem.

　　④He

　　the word in his dictionary.

　　⑤He

　　the newspapers and found some useful information.

　　【答案】　look down on　looking forward to

　　③look into　looked up　looked through

　　如何写环境保护类议论文

　　关于环境保护方面的议论文一般应注意以下几个方面：

　　1．观点明确，论据充分，时态正确。

　　2．条理清晰，内容连贯；可以使用It is well­known/As we all know/As is known，however/but，on the other hand等过渡性词汇。

　　3. 环保议论文一般按照“三段论”来写：介绍现象(提出问题)——提出相关应对措施——呼吁人们增强环保意识，自觉保护环境。

　　【常用句型】

　　1．Air pollution has become a danger to people's life.

　　2．Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.

　　3．One major environmental problem is...

　　4．...is harmful to us.

　　5．There are several reasons for this.

　　6．It has more disadvantages than advantages.

　　7．We should take some effective measures.

　　8．We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.

　　9．We should solve the problems that we are faced with.

　　10．From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that...

　　11．In order to reduce air pollution，we had better...

　　12．In order to solve the problem，we should...

　　[题目要求]

　　环保问题是摆在人类面前的一个严峻问题，为了保护好环境，世界各国的人们都付出了努力，请你就下面三个方面的问题谈一谈环保问题。

　　1．目前的环境保护还存在着许多问题。

　　2．为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。

　　3．我的看法

　　[思路点拨]

　　1．本文要求写环保类议论文时，要注意环保类文章常用词汇和句型。

　　2．本文应以现在时态为主。

　　3．本文可以采用三段式：

　　环境的现状及危害；

　　各国政府在环境保护方面所做的工作；

　　你的看法；

　　4．开头已给出。

　　[词汇热身]

　　1．对……有害

　　2．导致，引起

　　3．在……中起重要作用

　　4．采取措施

　　5．意识到……的重要性

　　6．努力做某事

　　7．实施

　　【答案】　1.do harm to/be harmful to　2.cause/lead to　3.play an important part/role in　4.take measures

　　5．realize the importance of...　6.make an effort to do sth.　7.put...into practice

　　[句式温习]

　　1．为了保护环境，很多国家的政府已经做了很多。

　　， government of many countries have done a lot.

　　2．那些故意破坏环境的人应该受到惩罚。

　　Those

　　intentionally should be punished.

　　3．我们应该让他们知道破坏环境就意味着毁灭人类自己。

　　We should let them know that destroying environment

　　.

　　【答案】　1.To protect the environment　2.who destroy the environment　3.means destroying mankind themselves

　　[连句成篇]

　　There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years.One of the most serious problems in the world is the serious pollution of air，water and soil.

　　【参考范文】　

　　There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years.One of the most serious problems in the world is the serious pollution of air，water and soil.The polluted air does great harm to people's health.The polluted water causes diseases and death.What is more，vegetation has been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities.

　　To protect the environment，government of many countries have done a lot.Many steps have been introduced to control air pollution，to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution.Therefore，governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.

　　In my opinion，to protect environment，the government must take even more practical measures.First，it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education.Second，much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice，because more people means more pollution. Finally，those who destroy the environment intentionally should be punished.We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.

　　Ⅰ.立体式复习单词

　　A．基础单词

　　1．

　　adj.大量的，规模的

　　2．

　　n．战役；活动

　　3．

　　n．进程；过程

　　4．

　　n．公民；市民

　　5．

　　vt.预报；预告

　　6．

　　n．面罩

　　7．

　　n．根据；证明

　　8．

　　adj.紧急的

　　9．

　　adv.绝对地；完全地

　　【答案】　1.mass　2.campaign　3.process　4.citizen　5.forecast　6.mask　7.evidence　8.urgent　9.absolutely

　　B．词汇拓展

　　10．

　　n．沙尘；灰尘→

　　adj. 满是灰尘的

　　11．

　　n. 力量；力气→

　　vt. 加强→

　　adj. 坚强的；强壮的

　　12．

　　vi. 骑自行车；循环→

　　n. 骑自行车的人

　　13．

　　n. 环境→

　　adj. 环境的

　　14．

　　n. 污染→

　　vt. 污染

　　15．

　　adj. 关心的；担心的→

　　n. & v. 关心，担心

　　16．

　　adj. 主要的；多数的→

　　n．大多数， 多数

　　17．

　　vi. 抱怨；发牢骚→

　　n. 抱怨

　　18．

　　n. 保护→

　　v．保护

　　【答案】　10.dust；dusty　11.strength；strengthen；strong

　　12．cycle；cyclist　13.environment；environmental　14.pollution；pollute　15.concerned；concern

　　16．major；majority　17.complain；complaint

　　18．protection；protect

　　.递进式回顾短语

　　A．短语互译

　　1．

　　砍倒

　　2．

　　突然遭遇(风暴等)

　　3．

　　一个接一个地

　　4．

　　对……有坏影响

　　5．take in

　　6．give out

　　7．in a nutshell

　　8．look through

　　【答案】　1.cut down　2.be caught in　3.one after another　4.have a bad effect on　5.吸收　6.放出；发出　7.简言之；概括地讲　8.浏览

　　B．用上面的短语的适当形式完成下列句子

　　9．Fish

　　oxygen through their gills.

　　10．He

　　the rain last week and caught a cold.

　　11．

　　your homework before handing it in.

　　12．The doctor advised him to

　　on drinking.

　　13．After two hours her patience

　　.

　　【答案】　9.take in　10.was caught in　11.Look through

　　12．cut down　13.gave out

　　.仿写式活用句型

　　1．Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”．

　　【句式仿写】　她似乎是感冒了。

　　2．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

　　【句式仿写】　这个年轻人认为当一名导游是很有趣的事。

　　3．I couldn't agree with you more.

　　【句式仿写】　这本书再好不过了。

　　4．The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.

　　【句式仿写】　可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。

　　【答案】　1.She appears to have caught a cold.　2.The young man found it interesting to be a guide.　3.The book can't be any better.　4.If possible, she wants to go with us.

　　完形填空解题技法(十)

　　思前想后觅逻辑法

　　逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显；有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦。考生应该根据前后信息进行思考，拨开迷雾，准确理解上下文间的逻辑关系。

　　【实例透析】　

　　1．(2017·江苏高考)．..Today we can talk，text，e­mail，chat and blog(写博客)，not only from our

　　42

　　，but from our mobile phones as well.

　　...

　　42．A.mediaB．computers

　　C．databases

　　D．monitors

　　【解析】　B。这句话用了并列连词not only...but(also)．..，意为“不仅……而且……”，根据but后面的“our mobile phones”可知，not only后面也要填一个与其属于同一范畴但非同一物的名词，故选computers。

　　2．(2017·广东高考)．..For example，they may believe that people should always tell the truth，and that lying is

　　6

　　acceptable...

　　6．A.seldom

　　B．rarely

　　C．merely

　　D．never

　　【解析】　D。句中的并列连词and表示前后两个分句是逻辑上的并列关系。前一分句的意思是“他们认为人们永远要说实话”，后一分句与前一分句意义一致，故此处要用never，表示“从不”。

　　【技巧点拨】

　　应用此法做完形填空题时，需要理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，找出它们内在的联系及含义。例如注意一些连词，像and, but, or, if, because, so, though等在句中所起的作用，进而理清上下文之间的逻辑关系作出正确的判断。

　　When Teresa, a widow with four young children, saw a notice from her church for all members to gather to deliver presents and food to a

　　1

　　family, she took $ 10 out of her savings jar and bought some ingredients to make three dozen2(cookies). She got to the church parking lot just in time to join the convoy going to the home that was to

　　3

　　the people's help.

　　The route was

　　4

　　， and she was astonished when the cars pulled up in front of her house. When the pastor saw her, he said, “We

　　5

　　expected you to join us, Teresa. We know it's been a great

　　6

　　since your husband died, and we all wanted to

　　7

　　you. ”

　　1．A.wealthy

　　B．big

　　C．noble

　　D．needy

　　3．A.offer

　　B．receive

　　C．expect

　　D．refuse

　　4．A.pleasant

　　B．lengthy

　　C．familiar

　　D．rough

　　5．A.never

　　B．just

　　C．even

　　D．seldom

　　6．A.failure

　　B．comfort

　　C．success

　　D．struggle

　　7. A．satisfy

　　B．support

　　C．invite

　　D．remember

　　【解析】　本文是一篇记叙文。特里萨是一个很贫穷的母亲，她一个人带着4个孩子度日。当她看见教堂帮助人的活动通知时，她拿出了10美元买了一些原料，做了一些甜饼，准备送人，并且在那里等着和他人一起给那些需要的人送去。当车队来到自己的家门口的时候，筹办人发现了特里萨，原来她也参与了帮助人的活动。特里萨虽然感到有点不自在，但是她却奉献出自己的甜饼和他人来分享。

　　1. D。考查语境逻辑。根据前面的语境及下文中的“going to the home that was to

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　　the people's help”可知是给予需要帮助的家庭，所以应该是贫穷的家庭，故选D。needy意为“贫困的”。wealthy“富有的”；big“大的”；noble“高贵的”，均不符合语境。

　　3. B。考查语境逻辑。根据前面的语境：她看到一个教堂的通知，要人们准备东西送给那些贫穷的家庭，再根据空格后面的“the people's help”可知此处表示接受人们的帮助，所以选B。offer“提供”；expect“期待”；refuse“拒绝”，均不符合语境。

　　4. C。考查语境逻辑。从后面的“she was astonished when the cars pulled up in front of her house”可知车队来到了她家，因此路线是她熟悉的，所以选C。pleasant“令人愉快的”；lengthy“漫长的”；rough“艰难的”，均不符合语境。

　　5. A。考查语境逻辑。从后面的“We know it's been a great

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　　since your husband died”可知她的丈夫死了，她生活得也很艰难，所以他们从来没有想到她还会去帮助其他人。just“刚才”；even“甚至”；seldom“很少”，均不符合语境。

　　6. D。考查语境逻辑。从空格后面的“since your husband died”可知她的丈夫死了，因此生活对她来说是很艰难的，所以选D。failure“失败”；comfort“安慰”；success“成功”，均不符合语境。

　　7. B。考查语境逻辑。前面提到她的丈夫死后，她的生活很艰难，所以人们都想帮助她，故选B。satisfy“满足”；invite“邀请”；remember“记得”，均不符合语境。