2015届高考英语一轮复习教案：Module 3《The Violence of Nature》（外研版必修三）

　　Module 3　The Violence of Nature

　　【美文阅读】　

　　Four natural disasters

　　A natural disaster is defined as a natural

　　hazard，which has a negative effect on human beings.Though some of the natural disasters are geological，many of them are due to changes in the climatic conditions.Given below are some of the very important natural disasters.

　　Blizzard(暴风雪)

　　A severe winter storm is known as a blizzard.Strong winds，heavy snowfall and low temperatures characterize a blizzard.A blizzard that occurred in 1888 killed over 400 people in the northeastern States.This blizzard is known Great Blizzard of 1888.

　　Flood

　　A flood is a natural disaster as it results in the death of human beings and

　　animals.Crops are destroyed in the flood，which gradually results in increased food prices due to food

　　shortages.In a flood situation，drinking water becomes scarce because water is polluted.Due to this，many diseases can spread.

　　Fire

　　Fire is terrible especially forest fire.Forest fire is also known as wildfire.It is a natural disaster caused by a volcanic eruption or by human carelessness.Wildfire can threaten wildlife and the human habitation close to the forest.

　　Earthquake

　　An earthquake occurs when the tectonic(地壳构造的) plates that form the upper crust of the earth collide or slide against each other.When the tectonic plates collide against each other，the stress is released.It is true that animals can sense earthquakes before they occur. However，the behavior of animals cannot be used as a method to predict an occurrence of an earthquake.

　　【诱思导学】　

　　What should we do in face of the disasters like tornadoes, hurricanes or earthquakes?

　　【答案】　略

　　Period ⅠPreviewing

　　●教学目标

　　本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

　　●教学地位

　　学习表示自然灾害的名词及其定义，试着用已经掌握的自然知识用英语对灾害的有关情况进行口头表达。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师给出学生几种自然灾害的图片，并让学生猜出属于那种自然灾害，有可能的话让学生说出这些自然灾害的名称，然后导入新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.篇章结构

　　阅读P23的文章，完成下面表格(每空不超过3个词)

　　Tornadoes Hurricanes

　　What are they？ Tornadoes are

　　rotating columns of air from

　　1．

　　to the ground. Hurricanes are strong 2.

　　storms.

　　Where do they 3.

　　？ From Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. In the southernAtlantic Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of

　　Mexico.

　　How violent can they be？ The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometers per hour. There are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more，which 4.

　　huge waves，heavy rains and floods.

　　How often do they occur in the US？ 5.

　　，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year. There are about six Atlantic hurricanes each year.

　　The worst one It occurred in 1925，6.

　　three US states and killing over 700 people and injuring 2,700. It occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston，Texas，killing 6,000 people and 7.

　　3,600 buildings.

　　A story about the 1990

　　Galveston hurricane Before he moved to New York，Charles Coghlan lived in

　　Canada.Then he moved to Galveston.His 8.

　　was destroyed by the hurricane and his coffin 9.

　　in the sea. Eight years later，the coffin was found in the east of Canada.Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been 10.

　　in Texas！

　　【答案】　1.thunderstorms　2.tropical　3.occur

　　4．cause　5.On average　6.affecting　7.destroying

　　8．cemetery　9.ended up　10.buried

　　Ⅱ.语篇理解

　　阅读P23的Reading and Vocabulary部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳答案

　　1．How many people were killed in the city of San Francisco in the California Earthquake?

　　A．About 800.

　　B．About 830,000.

　　C．About 500.

　　2．Which of the following descriptions

　　about tornado is not correct?

　　A．It is a kind of rotating column of air.

　　B．It is usually caused by a thunderstorm.

　　C．It can cause much damage to people，including deaths and injuries.

　　3．What are the causes of the natural violence?

　　A．The difference atmospheric pressure between two areas.

　　B．The changeable weather in these areas.

　　C．Not mentioned in the passage.

　　4．Which of the following happened most recently?

　　A．The worst tornado which affected three US states.

　　B．The worst hurricane which happened in Galveston.

　　C．The destruction of Charles Coghlan's cemetery.

　　5．Where did Charles Coghlan become famous?

　　A．In Galveston.

　　B．In New York.

　　C．In Canada.

　　【答案】　1－5　C B C A B

　　Ⅲ.课文缩写

　　用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写affect；tropical；cause；rotating；disaster；thunderstorm；violent；occur；on average；destroy

　　A tornado is a 1.

　　column of air from a 2.

　　to the ground. Almost all of them 3.

　　in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

　　Tornadoes can 4.

　　much destruction.5.

　　there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year.The worst one of all time was in 1925，6.

　　three US states.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

　　Hurricanes are strong 7.

　　storms.There are 8.

　　winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more.There are about six Atlantic hurricanes each year.The worst hurricane 9.

　　was on the 8th September 1900, which killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and 10.

　　3,6000 buildings.

　　【答案】　1.rotating　2.thunderstorm　3.occur　4.cause

　　5．On average　6.affecting　7.tropical　8.violent

　　9．disaster　10.destroyed

　　Ⅰ.词义搭配

　　1．disaster　A．to make something happen，especially something bad

　　2．experience

　　B．to happen

　　3．cause

　　C．to have a particular situation affect you or happen to you

　　4．bury

　　D．very strong and sudden

　　5．occur

　　E．a sudden event such

　　as a flood，storm，or accident which causes great damage or suffering

　　6．violent

　　F．sudden attack

　　7．strike

　　G．to place in the earth and cover with soil

　　【答案】　1.E　2.C　3.A　4.G　5.B　6.D　7.F

　　Ⅱ.短语填空

　　1．

　　I spend 30 yuan every week.

　　2．If you continue to steal，you'll

　　in prison.

　　3．He has never studied Japanese；what

　　he knows is what he

　　while living in Japan.

　　4．

　　your clothes；they're very wet.

　　5．He is one of the greatest writers

　　.

　　【答案】　1.On average　2.end up　3.picked up　4.Take off　5.of all time

　　Ⅲ.句型背诵

　　1．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

　　它们能毁掉房屋，却把里面的家具留在原处。

　　2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.

　　在美国，平均每年有800次龙卷风，致使约80人死亡，1500人受伤。

　　3．By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

　　到这次飓风结束时，共有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。

　　Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

　　(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文更加熟练的运用这些词汇。

　　●教学地位

　　通过阅读理解词汇，反过来词汇的学习又加深了对短文的理解。根据课文内容，培养学生理解词义的思维能力，通过问题提高略读和查读技能，学习课本中对自然灾害细节的描写，培养对事件过程的观察能力。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师利用挂图或音像工具叙述Gulf Stream的形成、流向和产生的影响，导入新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．experience n．经验；经历vt.经历；体验

　　Have you ever experienced a flood？(教材P21)

　　你曾经经历过洪灾吗？

　　It is important to try and learn from experience.

　　努力从经验中学习是重要的。

　　Can you tell me your experiences in America?

　　你能告诉我你在美国的经历吗？

　　①have an experience in在……方面的经历

　　from/by experience凭经验；从经验中(得出)

　　experienced adj.有经验的；熟练的

　　be experienced in在……方面有经验

　　Some people learn by experiment and others learn by experience.

　　一些人通过实验学习，另一些人则从经验中学习。

　　He is an experienced and trustworthy guide.

　　他是一位有经验的、可信赖的向导。

　　【提示】　(1)experience作名词用时，作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。

　　(2)作动词用时意为“体验，经历”。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2010·福建高考)－Guess what，we've got our visas for a short­term visit to the UK this summer.

　　－How nice！You

　　a different culture then.

　　A．will be experiencing

　　B．have experienced

　　C．have been experiencing

　　D．will have experienced

　　【解析】　考查时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证，再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项为现在完成进行时，D项为将来完成时，均不符合句意。

　　【答案】　A

　　完成句子

　　①布朗先生是一位教学经验丰富的老师。

　　Mr. Brown has

　　teaching.

　　②爬珠穆朗玛峰是我一生中难忘的一次体验。

　　Reaching the top of Mount Everest was

　　in my life.

　　③近三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。

　　Our country

　　in the last thirty years.

　　【答案】　①much experience in　②an unforgettable experience　③has experienced great changes

　　2．cause n．原因；起因vt.引起；导致

　　Do you know anything about the events？For example, what causes them? (教材P21) 你知道有关这些事件的事情吗？比方说，什么引起了它们？

　　Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease.

　　吸烟是引起心脏病的原因之一。

　　①the cause of...……的原因

　　cause and effect因果关系

　　②cause sb.sth.给某人引来某事

　　cause sb.to do sth.引起某人干某事

　　What caused her to change her mind?

　　是什么使她改变了主意？

　　The child caused his parents a lot of trouble./The child caused a lot of trouble to his parents.

　　这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多麻烦。

　　cause/reason

　　cause 指造成某种结果的原因，常说the cause of sth.

　　reason 指产生某种行为的理由，常说the reason for sth.

　　The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.导致这次事故发生的原因是他开车太快。

　　The reason why he was driving so fast was that he was afraid of being late for the meeting.他开车开得太快就是因为他怕开会迟到。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2011·福建高考)The lack of eco­friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major

　　of global climate change.

　　A．resultB．cause

　　C．warning

　　D．reflection

　　【解析】　考查名词。句意：公众缺乏环保的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。“公众缺乏环保的习惯”和“全球气候变化”二者之间是因果关系，所以用cause。

　　【答案】　B

　　选词填空(cause/reason)

　　①The

　　for the flood was all that heavy rain.

　　②Carelessness is the

　　of his failure.

　　③The storm died down，having

　　a lot of deaths.

　　【答案】　①reason　②cause　③caused

　　完成句子

　　④造成这一事故的原因是什么？

　　What was

　　？

　　⑤困难使他放弃了梦想。

　　Difficulty

　　his dream.

　　【答案】　④the cause of the accident　⑤caused him to give up

　　3．occur v．发生，出现；想起

　　Almost all of them occur in the US，in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. (教材P23)几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部德克萨斯州到北部南达科塔州一带地区。

　　The accident occurred yesterday morning.

　　事故发生在昨天上午。

　　sth.occurs to sb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……

　　It occurs to sb.that.../to do sth...某人想到……

　　A good idea occurred to me.

　　我突然想起了一个好主意。

　　Didn't it occur to you to turn to the policeman for help? 难道你没有想到向那个警察求助吗？

　　occur/happen/take place/break out

　　这四个词(组)都含有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。

　　occur 既指突然发生也可指有计划的发生，在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与happen互换使用，表示在脑海中出现某种想法时用occur，不能用happen。

　　happen 是表示“发生”的最普通的用词，常用于句型：what happened to sb./sth.？某人/物发生了什么事？

　　take place 多指有计划、有组织的发生。

　　break out 指战争、灾难、疾病等突然发生。

　　The meeting took place at 8：00 as planned.

　　按计划会议在上午8点举行。

　　I happened to see him on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我在去书店的路上碰巧遇到了他。

　　A terrible forest fire broke out in China a few years ago.几年前中国发生了一起可怕的森林火灾。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him

　　he had left his keys in the office.

　　A．whether

　　B．where

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】　考查主语从句。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。It occurred to sb.that...表示“某人想起……”。it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。

　　【答案】　D

　　选词填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)

　　①He told me how the accident

　　.

　　②It

　　to me that I would travel to Europe.

　　③Great changes have

　　in my hometown since 1998.

　　④Two world wars

　　last century.

　　【答案】　①occurred/happened　②occurred　③taken place　④broke out

　　完成句子

　　⑤我突然想到我可以建立一个网站帮助无家可归的人。

　　I could set up a website to help the homeless.

　　⑥我想你根本就没有想到打电话给我吧。

　　I suppose

　　me.

　　【答案】　⑤It suddenly occurred to me that　⑥it didn't occur to you to phone

　　4．pick up卷起；拾起；拿起

　　Tornadoes can pick up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town. (教材P23)龙卷风能把汽车、火车甚至房屋卷起，(然后)把它们抛在旁边的街上——甚至在邻近的城镇。

　　The sandstorms picked up many houses last night.

　　昨晚的沙尘暴卷起了许多房屋。

　　The world economy is picking up.世界经济正在复苏。

　　Shall I pick you up at the station?

　　要我开车到车站去接你吗？

　　pick up 还可表示驾车去接(某人)；接收，收听(广播)；(经济等)好转；恢复(健康)；偶然得到(学到、发现)

　　pick out挑选；分辨出；领会

　　　now.你变化太大了，我刚才差点没有认出你来。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·四川高考)It's surprising that your brother

　　Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.

　　A．picked up

　　B．looked up

　　C．put up

　　D．made up

　　【解析】　考查动词短语的辨析。 句意：真令人吃惊，你弟弟学俄语如此快，他在俄国没待多久。pick up意为“学会”，符合句意。

　　【答案】　A

　　指出下列句子中pick up的含义

　　①The phone rang and I picked it up.

　　②If you sing it several times，your children will begin to pick up the words.

　　③I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.

　　④My husband will pick you up in the car.

　　【答案】　①拾起，拿起　②(无意中)学会　③收听，收到　④开车接

　　5．take off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；休假；迅速成功/走红

　　They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. (教材P23)

　　它们也能将猫和鸡的毛脱掉。

　　Take off your coat and sit down.脱掉外套，坐下吧。

　　The plane takes off in five minutes.

　　飞机将在5分钟后起飞。

　　He took two weeks off in August.

　　他在八月份休两个星期假。

　　take away 拿走，带走

　　take in

　　收留，收养；欺骗；理解

　　take on 呈现出

　　take over接管；接任(职位)

　　I couldn't take in his story at all.

　　我完全不能理解他的话。

　　The young politician took over the leadership of the party.那位年轻的政治家接掌了那个政党的领导位置。

　　指出下列句子中take off的含义

　　①He took off at once and headed back to the hotel.

　　②In 1944，he met Edcth Piaf，and his career took off.

　　③He wouldn't take off his hat.

　　④She took two days off work.

　　⑤This plane will soon take off.

　　⑥Who has taken my book off the table？

　　【答案】　①(突然)离开　②腾飞，成功　③摘下　④休假　⑤起飞　⑥拿走

　　单项填空

　　⑦Her singing career

　　after her TV appearance.

　　A．took up

　　B．took off

　　C．took out

　　D．took over

　　【解析】　take up表示占据；继续；take off表示起飞；take out表示拿出；take over表示接管。根据句意“她在电视上亮相后，她的歌唱事业迅速获得成功。”可知应选B。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. (教材P23)它们能毁掉房屋，却把里面的家具留在原处。

　　句中leave the furniture inside exactly where it was 是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。leave表示“使……处于某种状态”。

　　Leave the medicine where the children can't reach it.

　　把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。

　　leave的常见结构如下：

　　①leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词

　　②leave＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)

　　③leave＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)

　　④leave＋宾语＋动词不定式

　　⑤leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句

　　Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.

　　让门开着你就会呼吸到新鲜的空气。

　　The news left me wondering what would happen next.

　　这个消息使我想知道接着会发生什么事情。

　　The bad weather left the project half finished.

　　坏天气使工程只完成了一半。

　　They killed the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot.他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。

　　用动词的适当形式填空

　　①I'm sorry I've left some of your questions

　　(unanswer)．

　　②Don't leave the water

　　(run)while you brush your teeth.

　　③Leave the rice

　　(cook) for 20 minutes at least.

　　【答案】　①unanswered　②running　③to cook

　　完成句子

　　④他的病使他的身子很虚弱。

　　His illness has

　　.

　　⑤要把东西放在容易找到的地方。

　　Always

　　again.

　　【答案】　④left him very weak　⑤leave things where you can find them

　　7．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. (教材P23)美国每年平均会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1,500人受伤。

　　(1)on(an/the) average平均

　　It takes me two hours a day to play table tennis，on average.平均起来，我每天花两小时时间打乒乓球。

　　above the average在平均水平以上

　　below the average在平均水平以下

　　Tom's work at school is above the average.

　　汤姆在校的功课在一般水平之上。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2011·天津高考)He was a good student and scored

　　average in most subjects.

　　A．below

　　B．of

　　C．on

　　D．above

　　【解析】　考查介词辨析。句意：他是一个好学生，大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过、多于”，符合句意。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　①他的收入大大高于平均水平。

　　His income is well

　　.

　　②我们平均每天收到10封信。

　　， we received ten letters each day.

　　③他的分数在平均数以上，这使他很高兴。

　　His scores are

　　， which makes him very happy.

　　【答案】　①above the average　②On average　③above average

　　(2)本句中的causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。

　　The football team played in all the European countries，making it famous.那支足球队在所有的欧洲国家踢球，使它自己出了名。

　　现在分词和不定式都可以作结果状语，现在分词一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。

　　His parents died，leaving him an orphan.

　　他的父母死了，结果他成了一个孤儿。

　　I hurried to his house，only to find him out.我急急忙忙地赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2017·天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office，

　　the breakfast untouched.

　　A．left

　　B．to leave

　　C．leaving

　　D．having left

　　【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，没有吃早饭。主语He 与leave之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。leave这一动作并未发生在谓语动作之前，排除D项。 容易误选D。部分考生选择having left，误认为leave这一动作发生在got up和hurried之前。

　　【答案】　C

　　完成句子

　　④他叔叔去世了，留给他很多钱。

　　His uncle died，

　　.

　　⑤看完电影后，他们高高兴兴地回到了家，结果发现家被人闯入了。

　　After the movie，they returned home happily，

　　that the house had been broken into.

　　【答案】　④leaving him a lot of money　⑤only to find

　　8. By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. (教材P23)到这次飓风结束时，共有700多人死亡，2,700多人受伤。

　　本句中by the time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止；不迟于……”。主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。当从句用一般现在时时，主句通常用将来时或将来完成时。

　　By the time this letter reaches you，I will have left the country.当你收到这封信时，我将已离开这个国家了。

　　By the time she was 15，she had written three long novels. 当15岁时，她已经写了三部长篇小说。

　　用动词的适当形式填空

　　①By the time we arrived at the area stricken by the earthquake，the rescue work

　　(start)．

　　②The experiment

　　(finish) by the time the professor came in.

　　③By the time you come here tomorrow, I

　　(leave)．

　　【答案】　①had started　②had been finished　③will have left

　　9．strike vt.打击；突然想起；让(某人)觉得；给……以印象vi.罢工n.打击；罢工

　　By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.(教材P23)19世纪90年代后期，他迁到加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那去世。第二年，飓风袭击了那里。

　　The stone struck him in the eye.石子击中了他的眼睛。

　　A good idea struck me.＝I struck on a good idea.

　　我突然想到一个好主意。

　　I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri­La.

　　香格里拉的美景给我留下了深刻的印象。

　　strike/beat/hit

　　beat 表示有目的地在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打也可以是重打；在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。也可表示“雨点击打在……上”。

　　hit 着重指打中或击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。

　　strike 指用力地“击打”；表示短暂的动作，含有急速或突然的一次性殴打、打击或敲击，有时与hit通用，可以用于比喻意义。

　　Somebody was beating at the door.有人不停地敲门。

　　The car ran out of control and struck a tree.

　　汽车失去控制，撞在树上。

　　She hit him on the head with a book.

　　她用书打他的头。

　　选词填空(strike/beat/hit)

　　①The rain was

　　against the window.

　　②A stone

　　the little boy on the head.

　　③A second shot

　　her in the back.

　　④The Chinese Volleyball team

　　Cuba by 31 in the opening game.

　　【答案】　①beating　②struck/hit　③hit　④beat

　　句型转换

　　⑤A plan occurred to me immediately.

　　→A plan

　　me immediately.

　　→ I

　　a plan immediately.

　　【答案】　⑤struck/hit；hit on/struck on

　　10．end up 结果为……；以……结束

　　The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea. (教材P23)埋葬科格伦的墓地被飓风破坏，他的棺材最后被卷进了大海。

　　Our game always ends up in a quarrel.

　　我们总是以吵闹结束比赛。

　　end up as...最终成为……

　　end up ＋adj./prep.­ph.

　　最终处于……状态

　　end up doing sth.最终……(表示伴随动作，强调结果)

　　end up with以……告终

　　He ended up as the head of the company.

　　他最后成为这家公司的老板。

　　If he carries on driving like that，he'll end up dead.

　　他如果继续照那样开车的话，早晚得死于非命。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2010·江西高考)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just

　　sweet dreams.

　　A．keep up with

　　B．put up with

　　C．end up with

　　D．catch up with

　　【解析】　句意：睡前闻闻这些花，你可能就会做美梦。keep up with跟上；put up with忍受，容忍；end up with以……结束；catch up with追上，赶上。C项符合句意。

　　【答案】　C

　　完成句子

　　①我结果是在机场过的夜。

　　I

　　the night in the airport.

　　②如果你不听我的建议，你最终会失败的。

　　You'll

　　if you don't follow my advice.

　　③她朗诵了一首小诗结束了她的演讲。

　　She

　　her speech

　　a short poem.

　　【答案】　①ended up spending　②end up in failure

　　③ended up；with

　　Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar

　　●教学目标

　　(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

　　(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

　　(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。

　　(4)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够正确运用过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语。

　　●教学地位

　　通过GRAMMAR1学习过去完成时的被动形式，进一步区别被动和主动两种语态，弄清楚如何表达两个动作的前后关系。GRAMMAR 2学习间接引语的表达，通过实践了解规则，指导进一步实践。LISTENING AND VOCABULARY学习生词，培养在听力活动中通过对词汇短语等语言形式的加工而达到理解其意义的能力。FUNCTION复习前两个模块中对课文词语所下的定义，学习用自己的话下定义。EVERYDAY ENGLISH学会用特定的词语表达好消息或坏消息。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　1．ruin v．毁灭；毁掉n.毁灭；废墟(ruins)

　　She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.(教材P24)她回到家发现所有的家具都已被洪水破坏了。

　　The heavy rain ruined my painting.

　　这场大雨把我的画毁了。

　　in ruins成为废墟

　　fall/come/go to(into) ruin毁灭；崩溃

　　The hotel was in ruins after that big fire.

　　那场大火过后，旅馆成了废墟。

　　The house has fallen into ruin.这座房子倒塌了。

　　damage/destroy/ruin

　　damage

　　指部分“损坏，损害，破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。用作名词时常与介词to连用。

　　destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以至于不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等破灭。

　　ruin 表示破坏严重，以至于不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy 那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了变化。ruin也有借喻的用法。

　　　Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.这场暴风雨破坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。

　　The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.

　　这次地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。

　　选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy)

　　①He was lucky in the accident，but his car was

　　.

　　②On the night of August 23rd，a heavy storm hit the coastal areas，and almost all buildings in the village were badly

　　.

　　③After the tsunami passed away，all the villages and towns were in

　　.And no being was seen.

　　④John and Sandy argued all the time，which completely

　　the evening for the rest of them.

　　【答案】　①damaged　②destroyed　③ruins　④ruined

　　2．possibility n．可能性；可能

　　When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. (教材P25)当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的潮汐，淹没半个岛屿。

　　Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week？本周你有可能去伦敦吗？

　　①There is the/no possibility of (doing) sth...

　　有/没有……的可能性

　　There is a/ the/ no possibility that...

　　“有/没有可能……”(that引导同位语从句)

　　possible adj. 可能的

　　It is possible to do sth./that...有可能做……

　　Is there any possibility that you'll be back by the weekend？周末以前你有可能回来吗？

　　It is possible that I might be of some use in that part of work.在做工作的那一部分时，我可能帮得上忙。

　　完成句子

　　他今晚不可能来。

　　①There is

　　tonight.

　　②There is

　　tonight.

　　③It isn't

　　tonight.

　　【答案】　①no possibility that he will come　②no possibility of his coming　③possible that he will come

　　3．set fire to sth./set sth. on fire 放火烧……；使……着火

　　Ash and lava poured down the mountain，setting fire to hundreds of houses. (教材P25)火山灰和岩浆从山上流下来，引燃了成百上千所房子。

　　Who set fire to the house(＝Who set the house on fire)？是谁放火烧的那座房子？

　　on fire 着火(强调状态)

　　catch fire着火(强调动作)

　　make a fire生火

　　put out the fire灭火

　　His clothes caught fire for no reason and he was burnt.他的衣服无缘无故地着火了，而且他也被烧伤了。

　　The forest had been on fire for three days before it was put out.森林大火连续烧了三天才被扑灭。

　　完成句子

　　①他点燃了那堆纸。

　　He

　　the pile of paper

　　. ＝ He

　　the pile of paper.

　　②昨天晚上这个工厂着火了，在扑灭火的过程中，一名消防人员献出了自己的生命。

　　Last night the factory

　　. When the firefighters

　　， one firefighter lost his life.

　　③房间里太冷了，他必须生火。

　　The room was so cold that he had to

　　.

　　【答案】　①set；on fire；set fire to　②caught fire；put out the fire　③make a fire

　　4．put out 熄灭；扑灭；生产；出版

　　We put all the fires out.(教材P25)我们扑灭了所有的火。

　　This magazine is put out every Friday.

　　这份杂志每周五出版。

　　The factory puts out 300 new cars a week.

　　这家工厂每周生产300辆汽车。

　　put up举起；张贴；建造；支起；为……提供食宿

　　put off推迟，拖延

　　put on穿上；上演

　　put through 使穿过；接通(电话)

　　put down 放下；记下；镇压

　　put up with 忍受

　　用适当的介词或副词填空

　　①Never put

　　till tomorrow what may be done today.

　　②Make sure that you put

　　every word she says.

　　③The forest guards often find campfires that have not been put

　　completely.

　　【答案】　①off　②down　③out

　　5．terrifying adj. 可怕的；令人害怕的

　　The hurricane lasted for two days.It was terrifying! (教材P28) 飓风持续了两天，真是太可怕了！

　　He had a terrifying experience.

　　他有过一次可怕的经历。

　　terrify vt.使恐怖；惊吓

　　terrified adj.感到恐怖的；害怕的

　　terror n．恐怖；恐惧

　　The sight was really terrifying.那场面真可怕。

　　The little girl was terrified by lightning and thunder.

　　小女孩被闪电和雷吓坏了。

　　用terrify的适当形式填空

　　①Peter didn't tell anyone about his

　　experience in Canada.

　　②I have never felt so much

　　in all my life.

　　③The earthquake

　　all of us.

　　【答案】　①terrifying　②terror　③terrified

　　6．warning n．警告

　　Luckily/Fortunately/Thankfully，we had plenty of warning.(教材P28)幸运的是，我们有足够的警告。

　　Miss Zhang gave the boys a warning not to swim in the river.张小姐告诫那些男孩不要到河里游泳。

　　①give sb. a warning not to do sth./against doing sth.

　　告诫某人不要做某事

　　without warning没有警告

　　warn v．警告；提醒，预先通知

　　warn sb. of sth.提醒某人某事

　　warn sb. not to do sth.＝warn sb. against doing sth.

　　提醒/告诫某人不要做某事

　　She has been warned of the danger of driving the

　　car in that state.

　　已经告诉过她， 汽车这个样子开起来有危险。

　　The doctor warns my father not to smoke/against smoking. 医生警告我父亲不要吸烟。

　　【对接高考】

　　(2010·天津高考)My father warned me

　　going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

　　A．byB．on

　　C．for

　　D．against

　　【解析】　句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth.相当于warn sb. not to do sth., 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　①他被警告有危险。

　　He

　　the danger.

　　②医生告诫我不要喝酒。

　　The doctor

　　.

　　③没有发出警告，士兵就向人群开枪了。

　　， the soldiers started firing into the crowd.

　　【答案】　①was warned of　②warned me not to drink/warned me against drinking　③Without warning

　　观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会过去完成时的被动语态。

　　①By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

　　②Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas!

　　[自我总结]

　　过去完成时的被动语态由“

　　”构成，表示某被动动作在过去某时或某动作

　　已发生。

　　【答案】　had been＋过去分词；之前

　　过去完成时的被动语态

　　一、构成

　　　had＋ been＋过去分词

　　二、用法

　　1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。

　　The project had been completed by the end of 2017.这项工程已于2017年底竣工。

　　The classroom had been cleaned before we came.

　　我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。

　　2．表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去；常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。

　　The sale had been advertised for several weeks.

　　这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。

　　Much work had been done since she arrived here.

　　自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。

　　3．用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。

　　My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。

　　We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。

　　直接引语和间接引语

　　直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化。

　　一、句型变化

　　1．陈述句

　　直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)。

　　“I will never forget this interesting lesson，”said Paul.“我永远不会忘记这有趣的一课，”保罗说。

　　→Paul said that he would never forget that interesting lesson.保罗说他永远不会忘记那有趣的一课。

　　2.疑问句

　　直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前面)，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。

　　(1)一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(me，him或us等)。

　　He said，“Can you speak French？”

　　→He asked me if/whether I could speak French.

　　He said，“Did you see me last night？”

　　→He asked (me) whether/if I had seen him the night before.

　　(2)特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。

　　“Where do you usually have lunch？” he asked me.

　　→He asked me where I usually had lunch.

　　3.祈使句

　　转述祈使句，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式的前面加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/order sb.to do sth.，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。

　　“Make sure the door is shut，” she said to her little son. “一定要关上门，”她对她的小儿子说。

　　→She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.她对她的小儿子说一定要关上门。

　　“Don't smoke in the room，”he said to me.“不要在房间里吸烟。”他对我说。

　　→He told me not to smoke in the room. 他对我说不要在房间里吸烟。

　　二、时态变化

　　将直接引语变为间接引语时，动词的时态要做相应的变化：

　　一般现在时→一般过去时

　　现在进行时→过去进行时

　　一般过去时→过去完成时

　　过去进行时→过去进行时

　　一般将来时→过去将来时

　　现在完成时→过去完成时

　　过去完成时→过去完成时

　　三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语也要做相应的变化

　　直接引语 间接引语

　　this(这) that(那)

　　these(这些) those(那些)

　　now(现在) then(那时)

　　today(今天) that day(那天)

　　yesterday(昨天) the day before(前一天)

　　last year(去年) the year before(前一年)

　　ago(……以前) before(……以前)

　　tomorrow(明天) the next day(第二天)

　　next month(下个月) the next month(第二个月)

　　here(这儿) there(那儿)

　　come(来) go(去)

　　bring(带来) take(拿去)

　　She said to me, “I come here five years ago.”

　　她对我说，“我五年前住在这儿。”

　　→ She told me she came there five years before.

　　她告诉我说她五年前住在那儿。

　　He said to me，“I will see her next week.”

　　他对我说，“我下星期去看她。”

　　→He told me he would see her the next week.

　　他告诉我说他下星期去看她。

　　【提示】　

　　(1)人称变化

　　一随主、二随宾，第三人称不更新。

　　＝“I'll let you know as soon as I get the tickets.”he told me.

　　→He told me he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.

　　“What are your parents and where do they live？”the policeman asked me.

　　→The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived.

　　(2)时态不变的特殊情况如下：

　　①直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。

　　He said，“The earth goes around the sun.”

　　→ He said that the earth goes around the sun.

　　He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”

　　→He said where there is a will，there is a way.

　　②当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。

　　Mr. Wang said，“I was born in China in September,1972.”

　　→ Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.

　　③当直接引语是过去完成时态时。

　　She said，“They had left when I arrived here.”

　　→She said they had left when she arrived there.

　　④当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。

　　He said，“The plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.”

　　→He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 a．m.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement

　　.

　　A．has been reached　B．had been reached

　　C．has reached

　　D．had reached

　　【解析】　由“it was announced”可知协议已经达成，故判断为“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。另外reach和agreement之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．The kind­hearted couple decided to adopt the child whose parents

　　in an accident.

　　A．had been killed

　　B．are killed

　　C．had killed

　　D．killed

　　【解析】　kill表示的动作发生在decided之前，且与主语parents之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．No one can be sure

　　in a million years.

　　A．what man will look like

　　B．what will man look like

　　C．man will look like what

　　D．what look will man like

　　【解析】　特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，疑问词后面使用陈述语序。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．(2017·烟台高一调研)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium

　　in Beijing.

　　A．would be completed

　　B．was being completed

　　C．has been completed

　　D．had been completed

　　【解析】　主语gymnasium和动词complete之间为被动关系，又由时间状语by the end of last year可知，此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．(2017·胶州高一质检)When I got there，I

　　that he

　　to Shanghai.

　　A．told；had gone

　　B．was told；had gone

　　C．was heard；went

　　D．told；had been

　　【解析】　第一空为“我被告知”用被动形式“I was told”，而“他去了上海”发生在“被告知”以前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．I couldn't understand

　　with me.

　　A．the matter was what

　　B．what the matter was

　　C．what was the matter

　　D．that was the matter

　　【解析】　what's the matter with...只有时态的变化，语序不变。

　　【答案】　C

　　7．(2017·青岛高一检测)The teacher told us that American schools

　　in September.

　　A．begin

　　B．begun

　　C．have begun

　　D．had begun

　　【解析】　在直接引语变为间接引语时，如表示的是客观事实，则时态不变。

　　【答案】　A

　　8．I felt very happy because it was the third time I

　　as a writer by the newspaper.

　　A．was awarded

　　B．had been awarded

　　C．awarded

　　D．would be awarded

　　【解析】　it was the first/second...time后接过去完成时，又因主语I和award之间为动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

　　【答案】　B

　　9．The reporter said that the UFO

　　from east to west when he saw it.

　　A．was traveling

　　B．traveled

　　C．had been traveling

　　D．was to travel

　　【解析】　句意：那位记者说当他看到那个UFO时，它正自东向西飞行。主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态，由语境可知A项切题。

　　【答案】　A

　　10．I asked my lawyer

　　say in court.

　　A．what I should

　　B．what should I

　　C．how I should

　　D．how should I

　　【解析】　特殊疑问句由直接引语变成间接引语时，疑问词后面应为陈述语序。what在从句中作宾语。

　　【答案】　A

　　Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空

　　1．The classroom

　　(clean) before the teacher came.

　　2．My brother always asked me

　　(tell) stories.

　　3．They asked me if I

　　(know) such rules before.

　　4．Miss Smith told us that she

　　(come) back the next day.

　　5．Great changes

　　(take) place in my hometown since 1980.

　　6．I remembered that the book

　　(leave) in the classroom.

　　7．My teacher told me that the earth

　　( be) round.

　　8．He asked me if the work

　　(finish)．

　　9．He asked me if I

　　(be) interested in English.

　　10．The teacher told the students

　　(stop) talking.

　　【答案】　1.had been cleaned　2.to tell　3.had known　4.would come　5.have taken　6.had been left　7.is

　　8．had been finished　9.was　10.to stop

　　Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing

　　●教学目标

　　(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。

　　(2)理解课文。

　　(3)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，了解中外历史上两次危害极大的地震。

　　(4)掌握如何用英文描述自然灾害。

　　●教学地位

　　本节课通过Cultural Corner了解中外历史上两次危害极大的地震，认真思考如果地震来临应该做些什么，并且学会用英语表达。并学会用自己的话描写某一自然灾害的时间、地点、经过、结果等一般情况。

　　(教师用书独具)

　　●新课导入建议

　　教师要求学生根据已有知识回答以下问题：How many earthquakes do you think there are in the world every year？Do you think China is in one of the most active earthquake areas？Do you know anything

　　about Tangshan Earthquake？Have you ever heard of California Earthquake？Can you say anything about it？然后导入新课。

　　●教学流程设计

　　⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒

　　Ⅰ.判断正误

　　阅读P29 课文，判断正误

　　1．The most serious earthquake in China occurred in 1556.()

　　2．The California Earthquake is the most serious earthquake in the United States，and it lasted for only an hour.()

　　3．China had many earthquakes because China is situated in the earthquake region.()

　　【答案】　1－3 T F T

　　Ⅱ.语篇理解

　　阅读P29 课文，选取最佳答案

　　1．How many earthquakes happen in the world a year?

　　A．About two.

　　B．More than 100,000.

　　C．About 400.

　　2．How many people were there in the eight provinces in Central China in 1556?

　　A．800 million.B．830,000.C．1,362,000.

　　3．What did the most damage in the California Earthquake in 1906?

　　A．Fires caused by the Earthquake.

　　B．The Earthquake itself.

　　C．3,000 deaths in the Earthquake.

　　4．Why does the author mention China and California?

　　A．To warn people of the destruction of earthquakes.

　　B．To remind people of the two big earthquakes.

　　C．To give examples about the destruction of earthquakes.

　　5．The organizing structure of this article is

　　.

　　A．from general to particulars

　　B．from particulars to general

　　C．from example to example

　　【答案】　1－5　B C A C A

　　1．in all 总计；总共

　　In all,830,000 people lost their lives.(教材P29)

　　总共83万人丧生。

　　How much do I owe you in all.我总计欠你多少钱？

　　after all 毕竟，归根结底

　　above all尤其是，最重要的是

　　first of all首先

　　at all一点也不(否定句)；到底，真的，竟然(肯定句和疑问句)

　　　We can forgive him，after all，he is a child.

　　我们可以原谅他，他毕竟是个孩子。

　　First of all，let me introduce myself to you.

　　首先，让我来介绍自己。

　　选词填空(in all/after all/above all/first of all/at all)

　　①He hasn't finished the work，but

　　he has tried his best.

　　②

　　she just smiled，and then she started to laugh.

　　③There was nothing to worry about

　　.

　　④He loves music，

　　，classical music.

　　⑤He spent very little time at school，perhaps not more than a year

　　.

　　【答案】　①after all　②First of all　③at all　④above all　⑤in all

　　2．The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.(教材P29)

　　1906年4月18日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。

　　本句中的that has ever happened in the United States是定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake。 一般来说，当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 且定语从句常用完成时。

　　This is the most beautiful scenery that I have ever seen.这是我所见过的最美的景色。

　　当先行词是物时，可以用that 或which引导定语从句，但是下列情况只用that而不用which来引导定语从句：

　　①当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，few，anything，everything，none, nothing等，或先行词被all，any，few，no，little等词修饰时。

　　②当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。

　　③当先行词被the only，the same，the very，the last等修饰时。

　　④当先行词中既有人又有物时。

　　⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

　　完成句子

　　①他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

　　He answered

　　.

　　②目前我们只能这样了。

　　That's

　　now.

　　③他们正在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。

　　They were talking about

　　in the factory.

　　【答案】　①few questions that the teacher asked　②the only thing that we can do　③the persons and things that they saw

　　3．damage n．[U]损失；损害v.损失；损害

　　Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. (教材P29)

　　由加利福尼亚地震引起的大火造成了最严重的破坏。

　　Smoking can damage your health.

　　抽烟会损害你的健康。

　　do/cause damage to 对……造成损害

　　　The accident did a lot of damage to the car.

　　这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。

　　Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.

　　霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害。

　　【对接高考】　

　　(2017·辽宁高考)The accident caused some

　　to my car，but it's nothing serious.

　　A．harmB．injury

　　C．ruin

　　D．damage

　　【解析】　harm意为“危害；伤害”，主要指精神上的伤害；injury意为“受伤”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害；ruin意为“毁灭；废墟；崩溃”，强调毁灭和不可修复；damage意为“损坏；损毁；损失”，强调使部分功能缺失。句意为“这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重”。

　　【答案】　D

　　完成句子

　　这起事故对环境造成了很大的损害。

　　The accident

　　the environment.

　　汤姆遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。

　　Tom had an accident and

　　.

　　【答案】　did great damage to　damaged the bike

　　如何写自然灾害类说明文

　　本模块的写作文体是介绍自然灾害的说明文。描述自然灾害首先要说明该灾害的基本情况，然后根据需要选择角度，简明扼要而又重点突出地介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。

　　自然灾害类说明文一般包括以下几点：灾害发生的时间、地点等；灾害的危害性及其发生规律；补救措施；经验教训或建议。

　　自然灾害类说明文的特点：

　　1．时态相对统一：多用一般现在时和一般过去时，有时为了表达的需要会在个别地方采用其他时态。

　　2.一般采用客观表述，避免主观色彩。

　　3．叙述格式比较固定。通常为：事件→描述灾害→提出建议等。

　　【常用句型】

　　1．灾害的发生：

　　There was/ is...in...

　　A terrible...hit/struck

　　...happened/ took place/ broke out.

　　2．灾害的影响：

　　Everything was destroyed.

　　Thousands of people were made homeless.

　　The disaster caused...deaths/injuries.

　　The disaster caused great damage to...

　　3．采取措施及建议：

　　When you...，you should...

　　If...，you had better...

　　Measures have been taken to help...

　　Luckily，the army has been sent to rescue...

　　[题目要求]

　　去年夏天，在中国南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面3个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文。

　　1．损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；

　　2．洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；

　　3．补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。

　　词数：100—120个词

　　[思路点拨]

　　1. 本篇文章可分为三段，第一段是对整个自然灾害的概述；第二段详细介绍洪涝灾害的原因等，第三段简单叙述采取的措施等。

　　2．本文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。

　　[词汇热身]

　　1．发生

　　2．造成了巨大损失

　　3．砍到

　　4．变成

　　5．采取措施做某事

　　【答案】　1.occur　2.cause a great loss　3.cut down　4.turn into　5.take measures to do

　　[句式温习]

　　1．一连下了好几个月的雨。

　　It had

　　.

　　2．最后，一些湖已经变成了农田，这严重地阻碍了水道。

　　Finally，some lakes had been turned into fields，

　　the waterway.

　　3．现在，已经采取了一些措施来阻止洪水的再次发生。

　　Now，some measures

　　again.

　　【答案】　1.kept raining for months　2.which seriously blocked　3.have been taken to prevent floods from happening

　　[连句成篇]

　　【参考范文】　

　　Last summer，a big flood occurred in the south of China.It was very serious.It caused a great loss.Fields were ruined，houses were washed away and many people became homeless.

　　There are three reasons for the floods.Firstly，it had kept raining for

　　months.Secondly，many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away.Finally，some lakes had been turned into fields，which seriously blocked the waterway.

　　Now，some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again.The trees along the rivers have been protected.Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.

　　Ⅰ.立体式复习单词

　　A．基础单词

　　1．

　　n．灾难

　　2．

　　n．洪水

　　3．

　　n．飓风

　　4．

　　vt.引起；导致

　　5．

　　vt.埋葬

　　6．

　　vi.发生

　　7．

　　vt. & n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击

　　8．

　　vt.毁坏

　　9．

　　adj.以前的

　　10．

　　n．地震

　　11．

　　adj.全世界的

　　12．

　　adj.积极的；活跃的

　　13．

　　n. & v．损失；损害

　　【答案】　1.disaster　2.flood　3.hurricane　4.cause

　　5．bury　6.occur　7.strike　8.ruin　9.previous

　　10．earthquake　11.worldwide　12.active　13.damage

　　B．词汇拓展

　　14.

　　vt. 经历→

　　adj.有经验

　　15．

　　n．家具→

　　v．装备；配备

　　16．

　　adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→

　　n．暴力

　　17．

　　n．可能；可能性 →

　　adj. 可能的→(近义词)

　　18．

　　n．警告→

　　v．警告

　　【答案】　14.experience；experienced　15.furniture；furnish　16.violent；violence　17.possibility；possible；likely/probable　18.warning；warn

　　.递进式回顾短语

　　A．短语互译

　　1．

　　卷起；掀起

　　2．

　　去掉

　　3．

　　平均起来

　　4．

　　结果为……，以……结束

　　5．

　　放火(焚烧)……

　　6．catch fire

　　7．put out

　　8．take place

　　9．in all

　　【答案】　1.pick up　2.take off　3.on average　4.end up

　　5．set fire to　6.着火　7.扑灭(火)　8.发生　9.总共；总计

　　B．用上面的短语的适当形式完成下列句子

　　10．The robber

　　his house before he escaped.

　　11．Don't drive your car like that，or you'll

　　in hospital.

　　12．I

　　a few words of Greek when I was there last year.

　　13．The price of bananas is about six yuan per kg

　　.

　　14．There were five of us

　　for dinner.

　　【答案】　10.set fire to　11.end up　12.picked up

　　13．on average　14.in all

　　Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型

　　1．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

　　【句式仿写】　不要让她在外面的雨里等着。

　　2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.

　　【句式仿写】　昨天晚上，这家旅馆发生一场火灾，使得20人死亡。

　　3．By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

　　【句式仿写】　在教授进来前，实验已结束了。

　　4．The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.

　　【句式仿写】　这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。

　　【答案】　1.Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.　2.A big fire occurred in the hotel last night，causing 20 deaths.　3.The experiment had been finished by the time the professor came in.　4.This is the best film that I've ever seen.

　　完形填空解题技法(九)

　　研读首尾抓主题法

　　大多数夹叙夹议类完形填空的尾段是文章的结论段落，是对前面所讲述故事的评价，这样与首段往往形成呼应的效果，所以，考生做此类文章时，要仔细分析首段与尾段的这种对应关系。

　　一般来说，议论文会按照“总—分—总”的思路来写。首先提出主题，接着对主题进行分析、叙述，最后进行归纳、总结，得出结论或提出建议。因此，一般根据文章的首句及尾句就能抓住文章的主题。故这种抓主题解题方法就是研读首尾抓主题法。

　　【实例透析】　

　　　(2017·北京高考)

　　Inspiration

　　“Mama，when I grow up，I'm going to be one of those！”I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform

　　when I was three.It was the first time that my

　　36

　　took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training...

　　...

　　...I see a

　　55

　　that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow—and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.

　　36．A.hobby　B．plan

　　C．dream

　　D．word

　　55．A.victory

　　B．trend

　　C．tradition

　　D．desire

　　【解析】　36.C；55.C。作者三岁时看了首都舞蹈团表演后就决心长大后当一名舞蹈演员，那是她的梦想首次生动地、清晰地呈现出来，并且对她开始训练起了重要的作用。结尾语：我在这个舞蹈团中看到了一种传统，这种传统激励了一代又一代的小女孩和一支辉煌的团队不断发展壮大，鼓励人们每天追逐他们的梦想。由结尾段中的“follow their dreams”可知36空应该用dream一词，这样形成前后呼应。

　　【技巧点拨】

　　值得注意的是，主题句不总是在文章的开头，有时在文中，有时在文尾，因此，考生在做题时一方面要快速通读全文，另一方面应注意连接词，如but, however, yet, though, therefore, otherwise等，它们的前面一句或后面一句就有可能是主题句。

　　考生抓住了主题，就等于掌握了整篇文章，就可根据主题顺藤摸瓜选出正确答案。

　　　(2011·天津高考)

　　...

　　I cannot thank you enough for19(what)you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried20(under)piles of law books. I was21(puzzled). Why were you doing what I do—memorizing textbooks and studying for22(tests)？When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled. I didn't know Moms23(could)be lawyers too. You smiled and said, “In life, you can do anything you want to do. ”

　　...

　　Encouraged by your33(statement), I have forged ahead(毅然前行)with my life's journey, less afraid to make mistakes, and

　　34

　　meeting each challenge. You did it, and now I'm

　　35

　　it. Sorry, got to run. So much to do, so many dreams to live.

　　34. A．secretly

　　B．curiously

　　C．carelessly

　　D．eagerly

　　35. A．doing

　　B．considering

　　C．correcting

　　D．reading

　　【解析】　本篇文章的主题句就是“In life, you can do anything you want to do.”母亲的这句话一直激励着他不断前行，勇敢地去迎接生活中的一个又一个的挑战，从而取得了一个又一个的成功。

　　34. D。根据前面的“不怕犯错误”可知，这里指的是“渴望”迎接每一个挑战，故选D项。A项“秘密地”，B项“好奇地”，C项“粗心地”，均不符合语境。

　　35. A。此处意为“你是那样做了，我现在正在做”。故选A项。