情态动词与虚拟语气
1．—I didn't apologize to him for being unable to inform him of the change in the plan.
—But you________.
A．ought to have B．have to
C．should
D．must have
答案 A句意：——我并没有因为没能告诉他计划中的变化而向他道歉。——但是你应该道歉。根据but可知此处用ought to have＝ought to have done表示(过去)本该做却未做；B.have to不得不；C.should应该，表现在或将来之意；D.must have(done )(过去)一定做了某事。2．Do you know Herbie？I'm always running into him；he________live nearby.
A．would
B．need
C．must
D．should
答案 C考查情态动词。句意：你认识Herbie吗？我总是遇见他，他肯定住在附近，表示比较肯定的推测用must。3．________a little earlier this morning！I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.
A．If I had got up
B．If I got up
C．If only I had got up
D．If only I got up
答案 C句意：今天早晨我如果早点起床的话就好了！那辆公共汽车我只耽误了一分钟，等另一辆车等了半小时。根据第二句可知第一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以空格处的谓语动词应用had done；if only...相当于how I wish...，意为：要是……的话就好了，但愿……。4．—Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?
—If you can help do some housework the whole vacation，you________have one as a reward.
A．must
B．need
C．would
D．shall
答案 D句意：——妈妈，你能给我买一个MP5吗？——如果整个假期你能帮着做家务的话，你可以得到一个(MP5)作为奖励。shall此处表允诺。must必须，need需要，would愿意，均不符合语境。5．—What happened to the young trees we planted last week?
—The trees________well，but I didn't water them.
A．might grow
B．needn't have grown
C．would have grown
D．would grow
答案 C句意：——我们上周种的小树怎么了？——(如果我浇水的话)那些树会长得很好，但是我没浇水。根据but后的分句可知空格处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，补全原句为：If I had watered them，the trees would have grown well，but I didn't water them.。6．When he was there，he________go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A．must
B．should
C．would
D．might
答案 C考查情态动词。句意：当他还在那儿时，每天下班后都会去街角的咖啡店。根据语境可知此处应用would表示过去常常。7．If he________that he________to work there then，everything would be OK now.
A．insisted；be sent
B．insisted；was sent
C．had insisted；be sent
D．had insisted；was sent
答案 C考查动词时态和虚拟语气的用法。当insist表示“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用(should)do，由此可以排除B、D两项；另外，从句表示对过去已经发生的事情的虚拟，谓语动词要用had done的形式，因此C项正确。8．________it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.
A．Were
B．Would
C．Will
D．Should
答案 D考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球比赛。前半句是对将来情况的虚拟，正常语序是“If it should rain tomorrow”。省略if后，要将should提到主语之前，引起倒装。9．I actually believe that we________in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.
A．would be
B．would have been
C．were
D．had been
答案 A考查虚拟语气。句意：事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。if从句中的时间状语为过去时间(last month)，而主句的时间状语为now，所以主句是对现在事实的虚拟，应为would be。本题为“错综时间虚拟条件句”。10．The weather turned out to be fine.I________the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.
A．should have taken
B．needn't have taken
C．mustn't have taken
D．could have taken
答案 B句意：结果天气不错，我本不必费那么大劲带着雨伞的。根据turned可知是叙述过去的情况，根据语境可知用needn't have done本不必做却做了；A表示本该做却没做；D表示本来能够……，C项形式不正确。11．—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
—Sorry，I________.I have another appointment.
A．won't
B．shan't
C．can't
D．mustn't
答案 C考查情态动词用法。根据下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下来吃午饭。can't意为“不可能”，符合题意。12．—Has your brother found a job?
—Not yet.There are many jobs that he________do but he seems unwilling to do anything.
A．shall
B．could
C．must
D．should
答案 B考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你的哥哥找到工作了吗？——还没有。有很多他能做的工作，但是他似乎不愿意做任何事情。情态动词could可以表示“现在的能力”，语气较can委婉。13．If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader's attention，the rest of the letter________not be read at all.
A．must
B．shall
C．may
D．should
答案 C考查情态动词。根据语境可知，如果申请信的前几句不能吸引读者，那么其余部分可能也就不会被阅读了。may表示“可能”，符合语境。14．—I________thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You're welcome.
A．may not
B．will not
C．must not
D．cannot
答案 D句意：——你为我所做的一切我感激不尽。——别客气。cannot...enough/cannot...to...“再……也不为过”，固定搭配。15．—What is a good boss like?
—It's hard to say，but I think he________be responsible，determined and creative.
A．can
B．may
C．should
D．would
答案 C考查情态动词。句意：——一名好老板会是什么样子？——很难说。但我认为他应该是有责任心，有决心且具有创造性的。should应该；can能够；may可能，可以；would愿意。