【人教大纲版】2017届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅡ Units 11-12

　　SBⅡ Units 11-12

　　1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. (SBⅡ U11)

　　无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就,其中许多成就很有可能将诞生在北京的西北部。

　　辨析：likely, possible, probable

　　这三个词都有“可能的”的意思。

　　①sb./sth. is likely to do 某人/某物可能做……（只能用likely）

　　②It is likely/possible/probable that… 可能……（it为形式主语）

　　③It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. 某人可能做某事

　　①It is __________________(可能要下雨)．

　　②She __________________(可能会)ring me tonight.

　　③Studies show that people are more ______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.(2010·陕西卷)

　　A. likely

　　B. possible

　　C. probable

　　D. sure

　　【答案】

　　①likely to rain　

　　②is likely to

　　③A　人作主语只能用likely充当表语。

　　2. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.(SBⅡ U12)

　　在他们挣扎求生当中，他们发现自己在一个怪物的表面上，那怪物其实是一艘潜水艇。

　　find oneself… 意为“发现自己来到（某处）”，是不知不觉地来到的；又作“发现自己处于某种境况中”解。

　　When she awoke, she found herself in a strange room.

　　醒来时，她发现自己在一间陌生的房间里。

　　①When I woke up, I found __________________(自己躺在) on the sands.

　　②Then I __________________(发现自己被包围) by a group of children.

　　③A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.

　　A. smoke

　　B. smoking

　　C. to smoke

　　D. smoked

　　【答案】

　　①myself lying/that I was lying

　　②found myself surrounded

　　③B　find sb. doing sth. 意思是发现某人正在做某事， 变成被动语态为：sb. be found doing sth.。

　　3. People had no idea what the inside of the earth might look like.(SBⅡ U12)

　　当时的人们不知道地球内部是个什么样。

　　have no idea 不知道，不了解(可接从句、疑问词+to do等)

　　have an idea 感到，觉得，认为

　　He has a strange idea of beauty.

　　他对美有一种奇怪的观点。

　　I have no idea (of) what death is like.

　　我对死毫无所知。

　　①I __________________(感觉到) I had met the girl somewhere before.

　　②Some parents __________________(不知道)what their children do at all at school.

　　③You have no idea ______ when we saw IT companies booming in our country.

　　A. that we were how happy

　　B. how happy were we

　　C. that how we were happy

　　D. how happy we were

　　【答案】

　　①had an idea that

　　②have no idea

　　③D　idea后面的同位语从句要用陈述句语序。

　　课文原句高考对照

　　The science centre got started in the early 1980s, when…

　　科学中心开始于20世纪80年代早期，……

　　Tom knew he would certainly get

　　______ if he was late home.(2008四川

　　延考)

　　A. shout at

　　B. to shout at

　　C. shouted at

　　D. to be shouted at

　　解析：选C。句意：汤姆知道如果他回

　　家迟了，(父母)肯定会冲着他大喊大叫

　　。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　The science centre got started in the early 1980s, when…

　　科学中心开始于20世纪80年代早期，……

　　Alexander tried to get his work

　　______ in the medical circles.(2010辽宁

　　卷)

　　A. to recognize

　　B. recognizing

　　C. recognize

　　D. recognized

　　解析：选D。句意：亚历山大试图让自

　　己的作品在医学界被认可。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　CSA, the Chinese Space Agency, has developed the highly successful Long March rocket series.

　　CSA, 中国已发射了高度成功的长征系列火箭。　

　　Food safety is ______ important, so

　　the government spares no efforts to

　　prevent food pollution.(2008上海春)

　　A. highly

　　B. reasonably

　　C. strongly

　　D. naturally

　　解析：选A。句意：食品安全非常重要

　　，因此政府不遗余力预防食品污染。与“课

　　文原句”一样，这里highly意为“高度地，非

　　常地”，更多的是一种抽象意义。　

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　The furniture is precious and huge glass windows…

　　家具是珍贵的大玻璃窗……

　　He doesn't have ______ furniture in his room — just an old desk.(2008陕西卷)

　　A. any

　　B. many

　　C. some

　　D. much

　　解析：选D。句意：他房间里家具不多，只有一张

　　旧书桌。furniture是不可数名词，不能用many修辞

　　，而否定句中一般不用some; any与not连用在此表

　　示没有任何家具。furniture作主语时谓语动词自然

　　也用单数形式。　

　　简单句和并列句

　　1.简单句：

　　（1）部分否定与全部否定。

　　（2）反意疑问句的结构，包括祈使句后的反意疑问句和对反意疑问句的回答。

　　（3）感叹句的结构。

　　2.并列句：并列句的句型结构和连接词的选择。

　　只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语的句子叫做简单句。按其功能可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。以下就考查的重点进行分析。

　　1.陈述句

　　陈述句包括肯定式和否定式两种（肯定式从略）。注意以下有关否定结构的问题：

　　（1）部分否定

　　not和all, both, neither, everyone, everybody, everything等不定代词连用表示部分否定。例如：

　　Not all the answers are right. 并不是所有的答案都对。

　　≠All of the answers are right.

　　（2）完全否定

　　上述all, both, everyone, everybody, everything的完全否定是 none, neither, nobody, nothing。

　　None of the answers is right. 所有的答案都不对。

　　（3）否定转移

　　I don’t think I know you. 我想我不认识你。

　　2.疑问句

　　疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。以下主要介绍反意疑问句。

　　反意疑问句的基本形式是：①前部分肯定，后部分否定；②前部分否定，后部分肯定。

　　（1）若前部分为主从复合句，一般说来，反意疑问部分以主句为准；若主从复合句的主语是第一人称且谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等的一般现在时否定式，反意疑问部分以从句为准。例如：

　　He said that he had been to Beijing, didn’t he?

　　他说他去过北京，不是吗？

　　I don’t believe he can do it, can he?

　　我认为他不能做，是吗？

　　（2）前部分有hardly, seldom, little，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：

　　He seldom comes late, does he? 他很少晚回来，是吗？

　　(3）must/may/might/can’t have表推测时，反意疑问句与后面的助动词保持一致。例如：

　　He must be a teacher, isn’t he? 他一定是老师，不是吗？

　　He must have finished the task, hasn’t he?

　　他一定已经完成了任务，不是吗？

　　对过去情况的推测若含有过去时间，则用did(n’t)。

　　He must have finished the task last week, didn’t he?

　　（4）陈述部分含有used to时，反意疑问部分用usedn’t或didn’t。例如：

　　He used to sleep ten hours a day, usedn’t/didn’t he?

　　他过去常常一天睡10个小时，是吗？

　　（5）以here, there开头的句子，反意疑问部分要保留here, there。例如：

　　There is a church behind the mountain, isn’t there?

　　山后面有一个教堂，不是吗？

　　（6）祈使句（不论肯定与否定）的反意疑问部分都用will you。例如：

　　Don’t forget to call me, will you?

　　别忘了喊我，好吗？

　　（7）Let’s…后的反意疑问句用shall/shan’t we?

　　Let us…后的反意疑问句用will/won’t you?

　　（8）对反意疑问句的回答。①肯定回答：Yes, 主语+助动词；②否定回答：No, 主语+助动词的否定形式。例如：

　　His mother isn’t a teacher, is she?

　　他母亲不是老师，对吗？

　　Yes, she is. 不，他妈妈是老师。

　　No, she isn’t. 是的，他妈妈不是老师。

　　对一般疑问句的回答也是一样。

　　3.感叹句

　　what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。例如：

　　What beautiful flowers they are!

　　这些花多漂亮啊！

　　How fast he runs!

　　他跑得真快！

　　由并列连词或者分号把两个分句连接起来而形成的句子称为并列句。并列句由连词、逗号或分号来连接。其基本结构为：分句+并列连词+分句。并列句根据连接词可以分为四种：

　　1.并列连词表增补。常用连词有and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor。 例如：

　　Get up early, and you will catch the first bus.

　　早点儿起床，你会赶上早班车的。

　　2.并列连词表选择。常用连词有：or, or else, otherwise, either…or, whether…or。例如：

　　Hurry up, or you will be late.

　　快点，否则你要迟到了。

　　3.并列连词表转折。常用连词有：but, still, yet, while, when。例如：

　　Mother likes singing while Father likes sports.

　　母亲喜欢唱歌，而父亲喜欢运动。

　　4.并列连词表因果。常用连词有：so, for。例如：

　　They must have gone to bed, for the lights went out.

　　他们一定睡觉去了，因为灯灭了。

　　注意：

　　（1）yet, still是连接副词，可起连接的作用，但不如and, but, or等语气强, 用了yet或still, 前面还可加and, but。例如：

　　He is tired, (but) yet he still continues to work.

　　他累了，但他仍然继续工作。

　　He studies hard, (and) yet he fails in the exam.

　　他学习刻苦，而考试仍然失利。

　　（2）while表示对比转折，相当于at the same time，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。例如：

　　She thought we were talking about her, while in fact, we were talking about ourselves.

　　她以为我们在谈论她。事实上，我们在谈论我们自己。

　　（3）when和while一样，作为并列连词使用时常在第二个分句前面，意为at that time, and then。例如：

　　We were about to leave when it began to rain.

　　我们当时正准备离开，这时天开始下雨了。

　　(

　　)1. John plays basketball well, ____ his favorite sport is badminton. （2009北京卷）

　　A. so

　　B. or

　　C. yet

　　D. for

　　C

　　句意：约翰篮球打得很好，然而他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。根据语意看是一个表示转折关系的并列句，所以需要一个表示转折关系的连词；故选yet。

　　() 2. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ______？ (2009·陕西卷)

　　A. is he

　　B. isn't he

　　C. must he

　　D. mustn't he

　　B

　　考查反意疑问句。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must，但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测，在构成反意疑问句时要根据must后的动词来确定，故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成，选B。

　　() 3. You and I could hardly work together, ______？ (2009·湖南卷)

　　A. could you

　　B. couldn't I

　　C. couldn't we

　　D. could we

　　D

　　考查反意疑问句的用法。根据陈述部分是肯定形式，疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly，故疑问部分用肯定形式，排除B、C两项，又因主语是you and I。故应选D。

　　() 4. Sally's never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______？ (2009·上海卷)

　　A. hasn't she

　　B. has she

　　C. isn't she

　　D. is she

　　B

　　句中出现了否定副词never，因此这是一个否定句，所以在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，排除A、C两项。又因Sally's是 Sally has 的缩写形式，即现在完成时态，故选has she。

　　() 5. It's the first time that he has been to Australia, ______？(2009·辽宁卷)

　　A. isn't he

　　B. hasn't he

　　C. isn't it

　　D. hasn't it

　　C

　　考查反意疑问句。按照前肯后否的句式，主句反问，选C符合语法表达习惯。

　　阅读理解：推理判断题的解题技巧

　　阅读理解推断题即根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申，领会作者的观点、意图和态度等。

　　高考阅读理解推断题的基本特点：透过文章中提供的基本事实、观点，依据语篇结构的内在联系，利用归纳、演绎、分析、综合、引申等逻辑推理判断能力，去发掘文章中没有明说的意思。要做到这一点，就要求学生既能懂得独立句子的意义，还要了解句群之间的逻辑关系，并通过一定的推理判断，结合常识及社会生活经验，从而最终理解文章的弦外之音、言外之意。

　　常见标志语言为：

　　It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that …

　　We can infer/conclude from reading the passage that …

　　In this passage the writer suggests/implies that…

　　Which of the following conclusions does the passage support?

　　The passage proves that …

　　This passage is most probably taken from …

　　What's the author's main purpose/attitude toward …？

　　总的来看，此类题目的解题方法是：扫读全文，在了解短文主旨大意及主要细节分布的基础上，对事实或证据进行分析和评价，并在准确合理分析、评价、推理的基础上作出合乎文中表意逻辑、作者写作意图的推论或判断。在这一过程中，切忌只见局部不见整体，而要充分利用文中所给的文字材料的细节，文章的结构模式，作者遣词用句的色彩，甚至有时是文中根本未曾出现的常识及生活经验等来达到最终的目的。

　　【体验高考】

　　(2010·全国卷Ⅱ E篇)

　　…

　　Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style(文体). Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.

　　()60. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?

　　A. Use words skillfully.

　　B. Make musical speeches.

　　C. Learn poems by heart.

　　D. Associate with listeners. A

　　推理判断题。通过对这一段的理解，作者提到一些伟大的作家如何用语言感动读者，借此我们可以推断出作者希望我们能够有技巧地使用语言。

　　【强化演练】

　　Tens of thousands couples across the United States are racing to get married by April 30. This is the result of a new law that makes illegal immigrants(移民) legal(合法的) if they marry by then.

　　The law has sent marriages rising by 50 percent to 300 percent this year in immigrant-rich Los Angeles, Houston and New York. The new law, passed in the last days of the Clinton administrations, contains a large number of measures to help immigrants and their loved ones become legal.

　　Critics say it also brings many marriage frauds(诈骗). A key aspect allows immigrants to look for houses while remaining in the USA — if they are married to a citizen or legal resident and hand in applications by April 30. After the date, applicants will have to return to their native countries to deal with their paperwork — a requirement that could take as long as 10 years.

　　Demand for married licenses in Manhattan this year jumped from 100 a day to more than 300. The Los Angeles County registrar-recorder's office supplied 12,997 marriage licenses during January and February, a 59 percent increase over last year.

　　Critics say the new law encourages false marriage. There are a lot of frauds as people rush to make use of this_window. In the past, cases citizens or legal residents were paid US $10,000 or more to marry illegal immigrants in which immigration is concluded may be investigated for as long as two years after the vows.

　　“It's not worth the risk to attempt an illegal marriage，” says INS spokesman Bill Strasskerger.

　　() 1. In the author's eyes, those couples who race to get married are ______.

　　A. exciting

　　B. crazy

　　C. disappointment

　　D. surprised

　　() 2. The underlined words “this window” probably refer to ______.

　　A. the new law

　　B. the marriage full of love

　　C. the window of the Los Angeles County registrar-recorder's office

　　D. the USA government

　　1．B　推断题。在第三段和最后一段里从作者所借用的别人的话里我们可以推断出作者的观点。

　　2．A　推断题。从倒数第二段的第一、二句可推断出。