【人教大纲版】2017届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅡ Units 5-6

　　SBⅡ Units 5-6

　　重点句型

　　Wales has a population of 3 million, 20%

　　of whom can speak Welsh.(SBⅡ U5)

　　威尔士有300万人口，其中的20％能说威

　　尔士语。

　　population n. ①［UC］人口，全体居民

　　②动物数量

　　someplace has a population of 某地有多少人口

　　a place with a population of 一个有多少人口的地方

　　对population提问用what，不用how many/much。

　　表示人口的“多”或“少”用large或small，不用much或little。

　　Nigeria has a population of nearly 100 million.

　　尼日利亚有近1亿人口。

　　What is the population of China?

　　中国人口是多少？(提问用what，不用how much)

　　①China is a large country __________________(有着约13亿的人口)．

　　②I don't have an idea_________________ (中国有多少人).

　　③The population in China is _________________(比任何一个国家的人口都多)in the world.

　　【答案】

　　①with a population of about 1.3 billion

　　②what the population is in China

　　③larger than that of any other country

　　课文原句高考对照

　　They think it is just a matter of looking at maps carefully and remembering all the names of cities and provinces.

　　他们觉得那不过是仔细察看地图，然后记住所有省市名称的简单问题。

　　　I can't say which wine is best — it's

　　a(n) ______ of personal taste.(2007山东

　　卷)

　　　A. affair

　　B. event

　　C. matter

　　D. variety

　　解析：选C。本题考查固定词组。A matter

　　of…意为“是……的问题”，如a matter

　　of life and death生死攸关的事情，a

　　matter of opinion看法不同的问题。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　…we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.

　　……我们就能有准备地迎接未来可能带给我们的一切。

　　When she first arrived in China, she

　　wondered what the future might have ______

　　for her, but now all her worries are

　　gone.(2008湖北卷)

　　A. in need

　　B. in time

　　C. in preparation

　　D. in store

　　解析：选D。句意：第一次到中国时，她不知道将来

　　会出现什么问题，但现在她的所有担心都消失了。in

　　need需要；in time及时；in preparation在准备之中；in

　　store(意外，问题等)将要发生，就要出现。由语境可

　　知D项正确。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life, remain active even in old age.

　　未来的人类能够更加长寿，生活更加健康，年老时仍旧积极活跃。

　　Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______

　　until the plane has come to a complete

　　stop.(2009四川卷)

　　A. seated

　　B. seating

　　C. to seat

　　D. seat

　　解析：选A。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life, remain active even in old age.

　　未来的人类能够更加长寿，生活更加健康，年老时仍旧积极活跃。

　　Please remain ______； the winner of the

　　prize will be announced soon.(2008辽宁卷)

　　A. seating

　　B. seated

　　C. to seat

　　D. to be seated

　　解析：选B。

　　语法精讲

　　——名词性从句

　　1.名词性从句的连接词。

　　2.what, that和whether, if引导名词性从句的区别。

　　3.疑问词和疑问词+ever的区别。

　　4.疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词引导的从句

　　的区别。

　　名词性从句在句中起名词的作用，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who(ever), what(ever), whose(ever), whom(ever), which(ever)；连接副词when, where, how, why。例如：

　　That she was chosen made us very happy.

　　她被选上，我们很高兴。

　　Whether she will come or not is still a question.

　　她是否来仍是一个问题。

　　Whichever of you come in will receive a prize.

　　你们中哪个进来都将有奖。

　　Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.

　　他为什么那样做还不清楚。

　　that引导的主语从句常放到句子的后部，由代词it作形式主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

　　1.It+be+形容词 (obvious, true, natural, good, funny, wonderful, likely, possible, certain… ) + that从句。例如：

　　It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

　　她一定会在考试中表现好的。

　　2.It+be+名词（a pity, an honour, a good thing, no wonder, no surprise… ）+ that从句。例如：

　　It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.

　　遗憾的是她犯了这样一个错误。

　　3.It+be+过去分词（said, thought, known, reported, expected, decided, announced… ）+that从句。例如：

　　It is said that he has arrived in Beijing.

　　据说他已到了北京。

　　4.It+happens/seems/appears + that从句。例如：

　　It happened that I had no money yesterday.

　　碰巧昨天我没钱。

　　5.It+doesn’t matter ( makes no difference, …)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。例如：

　　It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

　　她来不来都没关系。

　　宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that（可省略）, whether, if；连接代词who(ever), what(ever), whose(ever), whom(ever), which(ever)；连接副词when, where, how, why。例如：

　　I believe (that) the teacher will consider our suggestion.

　　我相信老师会考虑我们的建议。

　　He told the good news to whomever/whom he met.

　　他把这个好消息告诉给任何见到他的人。

　　1.某些形容词或过去分词后也常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, certain, glad, happy, afraid, pleased, surprised, satisfied等。例如：

　　I’m afraid (that) you don’t understand what I said.

　　恐怕你不理解我说的。

　　2.宾语从句的否定转移。当主句的谓语动词是表示“相信、臆测”等意思的动词（如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine）时，宾语从句中的否定词not要前移。例如：

　　I don’t believe (that) he has finished his work.

　　我认为他没完成他的工作。

　　3.宾语从句后带有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。例如：

　　I think it a pity that you don’t try harder.

　　你没有再加把劲我觉得很遗憾。

　　表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why。例如：

　　They are just what I shall want.

　　他们正是我想要的。

　　My idea is that we should do it at once.

　　我的想法是我们应该立刻做。

　　用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在下列名词idea, fact, news, hope, promise, word（消息），thought, suggestion, question, problem, order, doubt, belief等的后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语的词有连词that, whether;连接代词who, what;连接副词how, when, where, why。例如：

　　There can be no doubt that she is fit for the job.

　　毫无疑问她适合这份工作。

　　You have no idea how worried I was!

　　你不知道我有多么担心。

　　同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

　　He got the news from Mary that the sports meet was put off.

　　他从玛丽那儿得到消息说运动会被推迟了。

　　1.what与that的区别

　　what引导名词性从句时，是连接代词，可充当从句的主语、宾语、表语，本身有意义，常译为“……的（东西或事情）”；that引导名词性从句时，是从属连词，本身无意义，引导宾语从句时一般可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不省略。试比较：

　　What we need is quite clear.（what引导主语从句，在从句中作need的宾语）

　　我们需要什么很清楚。

　　That we need more practice is quite clear.（that引导主语从句，that在从句中不作成分）

　　我们需要更多的练习，这点很清楚。

　　2.who与whoever, what与whatever, which与whichever, when与whenever, where与wherever的区别

　　who和whoever都可作连接代词，who是特指，意思是“谁”，whoever主要用于泛指，意思是“无论谁，不管谁”。试比较：

　　The problem is who will go.（特指，不能用whoever代替）

　　问题是谁去。

　　Whoever comes will be welcome.（泛指，不能用who代替）

　　无论谁来都欢迎。

　　注：其他四组和上述区别基本相同，也就是说前者表示特指，后者表示泛指，只是使用时要注意它们的词性。

　　3.whether与if的区别

　　(1)引导宾语从句可换用。例如：

　　I want to know whether/if he lives there.

　　我想知道他是否住那儿。

　　(2)引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句用whether，不用if。例如：

　　The question is whether it is worth doing.

　　问题是这件事是否值得做。

　　The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

　　我们队是否已赢得比赛还不知道。

　　(3)在介词后用whether, 不用if。例如：

　　It depends on whether they will support us.

　　那取决于他们是否支持我们。

　　(4)在不定式前用whether，不用if。例如：

　　We haven’t decided whether to start.

　　我们还没决定是否动身。

　　4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略），而同位语从句中的that只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分（一般不能省略）。例如：

　　(1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

　　他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

　　(2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

　　汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

　　() 1. We haven't discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. where

　　D

　　考查名词性从句。题干中we haven't discussed yet后为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此空白处应填where，故答案为D。

　　() 2. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office know ______ she was so angry. (2010·湖南卷)

　　A. where

　　B. whether

　　C. that

　　D. why

　　D

　　根据语意应选why，引导宾语从句。语意：Cindy重重地关上了门，突然哭了起来。办公室的人都不知道她为什么如此生气。

　　() 3. — I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

　　— That's ______ I don't agree. You should have a more active life. (2010·江苏卷)

　　where

　　B. how

　　C. when

　　D. what

　　A

　　说话人在星期天喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中“where I don't agree”是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念。假如选D项，agree后面需加上介词。

　　() 4. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010·浙江卷)

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. how

　　D. whether

　　B

　　此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代It的具体内容，It是形式主语，所以这里选B项。

　　() 5. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. (2010·山东卷)

　　A. why

　　B. what

　　C. how

　　D. which

　　B

　　考查名词性从句的引导词。引导一个名词性从句，并在从句中作need的宾语，只能用what。句意：在特价促销开始之前，我把接下来的这个季节里孩子们所需要的东西列了个清单。

　　() 6. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (2010·四川卷)

　　A. what

　　B. who

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　B

　　在此who引导宾语从句，并在从句中作with的宾语。句意：一个人享受旅游的程度很大一部分取决于他与谁一起旅游，是他的朋友还是他的亲戚。

　　阅读理解：归纳概括题的解题技巧

　　【要点概述】

　　主旨大意题属于全局性的问题，通常就是文章的标题、要点、主题等。归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解，总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题目必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木，更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。找出主题句(topic sentence)是一个有用的方法。常见的命题形式有：

　　The main point of the passage is ______ .

　　The passage mainly deals with ______ .

　　The passage is about ______ .

　　What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　What is the author's main purpose?

　　Which of the following sentences best states the subject of this passage?

　　The best title for this passage is ______ .

　　A good title for this passage would be ______ .

　　归纳概括题备考锦囊：

　　1．文章的首句。因为文章的首句是文章的导入，点明作者写文章的意图、背景等。

　　2．每段的第一句和最后一句。因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句，然后进行陈述或论述，逐步展开，给予例证，最后把该段内容用一句话来小结，所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句。

　　3．全文的最后一句往往是整篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。

　　4．重点阅读那些观点性、归纳性、概括性较强的句子，特别是“信息词”(如：in a word, as a result, finally, in short, but, however, in conclusion, in brief, in summary)引导的句子。

　　【强化演练】 (2010·全国卷Ⅱ)

　　C

　　Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New Year by heading for the ski resorts(滑雪场). Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze(热潮). Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed an astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe.

　　Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private(私有的)cars. This has led to the growth of a leisure_industry in the capital's suburbs(郊区)，which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices.

　　The problem is making money. Starting ski resort requires quite a lot of money: hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job.

　　()50. What does this text mainly talk about?

　　A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.

　　B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.

　　C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.

　　D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.

　　B

　　归纳概括题。从文章第一段可知北京人通过滑雪以庆祝新年的到来，本段最后一句又提到了滑雪是中国中产阶级新生的娱乐消遣形式。由此可知这篇文章的主题为B。

　　E

　　…

　　The power of words, then lies in their associations — the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

　　()59. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

　　A. The learning of new words.

　　B. The importance of old words.

　　C. The relation of human experience with words.

　　D. The gradual change and development of words.

　　C

　　归纳概括题。本段第一句提到语言的魅力在于我们的人生经历。随后提到我们生命延续的时间越长，我们就可以找到更确切的语言形容我们的过去；我们读得越多，我们就会学到越多有意义的语言。