【人教大纲版】2017届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅠUnits 21-22

　　SBⅠUnits 21-22

　　重点句型

　　1. While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. (SBⅠ U21)

　　尽管对于肢体语言的解释五花八门，但

　　某些手势似乎是全球通用的。

　　while conj. 虽然；尽管；而

　　while从句可放于主句之前或之后，表示对比或转折，相当于but，但语气没有but 重。

　　My wife was silent while I was writing.

　　我读书的时候，我妻子默默不语。

　　While he's good at science, his sister is absolutely hopeless.

　　他擅长理科，而他妹妹却是不可救药。

　　__________________(虽然我喜欢) the color of the hat, I don't like its shape.

　　【答案】

　　While I like

　　2. Pressing one’s palms together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means ‘I’m tired’. (SBⅠ U21)

　　双手合十，把头贴在手背上，同时闭上眼睛好像睡着的样子，意思是“我累了”。

　　(1)as if/though 表示“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句，如果是事实或可能性很大，多用陈述语气。常与look, seem, appear, taste, smell, sound 等词搭配。

　　He is a happy-go-lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.

　　他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有任何让他发愁和烦恼的事。

　　(2)as if/though引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性比喻，常用虚拟语气。

　　He walks as if he were drunk.

　　他走起路来好像喝醉了一样。

　　(3)as if 后的方式状语从句常为省略形式。

　　The boy is running here and there as if （he was/were）searching for something lost on the sports ground.

　　那个男孩到处跑，好像在寻找在操场上丢失了的东西。

　　①She treats the boy __________________(好像她亲生的一样)．

　　②The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.

　　A. seeing

　　B. having seen

　　C. to have seen

　　D. to see

　　【答案】

　　①as if he were her own son

　　②D　as if (he were going ) to see 的省略形式。

　　课文原句高考对照

　　What are some situations where we need to be very careful about our body language and gestures?

　　在哪些场合我们需要非常注意我们的身势语和姿势？ 　

　　　It's helpful to put children in a

　　situation ______ they can see themselves

　　differently.(2009福建卷)

　　A. that

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. where

　　解析：选D。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　What are some situations where we need to be very careful about our body language and gestures?

　　在哪些场合我们需要非常注意我们的身势语和姿势？ 　

　　　I have reached a point in my life

　　______ I am supposed to make decisions

　　of my own.(2009浙江卷)

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　选B。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　Like roller coasters, thrill rides let you enjoy a good scream as you experience something exciting.

　　像过山车一般，高速喷射艇会让你因为经历一些激动的事情而享受惊叫。

　　In this seaside resort, you can ______

　　all the comfort and convenience of

　　modern tourism.(2007山东卷)

　　　A. enjoy

　　B. apply

　　C. receive

　　D. achieve

　　解析：选A。句意：在海边娱乐场，你

　　可以享受现代旅游的各种舒适和便利。

　　enjoy此处表示“享受现代旅游的舒适

　　和便利。”apply意为“应用，申请”

　　；receive意为“收到”；achieve表示“

　　取得，获得”，均不符合题意。

　　语法精讲

　　——非谓语动词（不定式）

　　掌握不定式的五种形式和两种语态；注意不

　　定式的完成体，不定式符号的省略及不定式

　　的主动表被动的情况。

　　非谓语动词（不定式）

　　动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等。

　　构成：to do /not(never)to do

　　2.

　　形式：五种形式和两种语态

　　动词不定式的变化:

　　被动语态

　　一般式 to do to be done

　　完成式

　　to have done

　　to have been done

　　进行式 to be doing  

　　完成进行式 to have been

　　doing  

　　否定式

　　not/never to do

　　not/never to be

　　done

　　1.凡是要省略to的情况如下：

　　①感官动词和使役动词后面接省to的不定式作宾语补足语。感官动词有：feel (感到)， hear, listen to, look at, see, notice, watch(注视, 观看)， observe（仔细观察）等。使役动词有：have, let, make，表示“让”。

　　He saw the girl read the book this morning.

　　今天早上他看到这个女孩读这本书。

　　I felt someone touch me just now.

　　刚才我觉得有人碰了我。

　　I had him fix my camera.

　　我叫他给我修照相机。

　　get有“让”的意思，但不能作为使役动词，其后要接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

　　They got him to work for them.

　　他们让他为他们干活。

　　注意：以上各词变为被动语态后，后面的不定式作主语补足语，要加上to (have指“有，让”时不能变为被动语态；let 后的不定式动词若是单音节词，就不带to)。

　　He was let go.

　　有人叫他走。

　　I have a lot of friends to help me. But I seldom have them help me. (前者指“有”，后者指“让，要”)

　　我有很多朋友要帮我，但我很少让他们帮我。

　　He often made his sister cry, but he was made to cry by his sister today.

　　他常常把他妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他妹妹弄哭了。

　　②在had better, would rather… (than)/ would… rather than/would sooner… (than)(宁愿……而不愿), may/might as well（还是……的好）, do nothing/anything/ everything but(except), help(帮助)（在英国英语中只有主语参与了不定式的动作才可省to） … can（could）not but/can (could) not help but/can’t choose but… (只好……别无选择), why not… 等结构中都有to的省略情况。

　　I would die of hunger rather than beg in the street.

　　我宁可饿死也不在街上乞讨。

　　There is no bus running. I cannot choose but walk.

　　没有公交车；我别无选择只有步行。

　　I can do nothing but/except watch ＴV.

　　我无事可做，只有看电视。

　　I like nothing but to watch ＴV.(谓语是like, 而不是do的各种形式，所以要加to)。

　　除了看电视，我什么都不喜欢。

　　I can help (to) clean your room.

　　我能帮忙打扫你的房间。

　　Why not have a try ? (表建议)

　　为什么不试试呢？

　　③在leave go(放开), make do（凑合），let drop (fall) (故意说出)，let fly(放飞，发射，对……大发脾气),let go (放开)，go hang(不管)，make believe (假装) 等固定短语中。

　　They made believe that they were policemen.

　　他们假装是警察。

　　I can’t let my work go hang.

　　我不能扔下工作不管。

　　2. 凡是要用to 的情况如下：

　　①在以下动词后面作宾语：aim, afford, agree, ask, choose, claim, decide, seek, expect, hope, pretend, refuse, manage, promise, want, wish, struggle, seem, appear, determine, range, guarantee, prepare, swear, threaten, proceed, prove, undertake, volunteer, happen(碰巧)等。

　　He wanted to help her.

　　他想去帮她。

　　I aim/hope to finish it tomorrow.

　　我打算明天完成。

　　I determined to tell you the truth.

　　我决定告诉你真相。

　　They pretended to be cleaning the room when I came in.

　　我进来的时候他们假装在打扫房间。

　　②在以下动词后面作宾语补足语：consider(认为)， advise, believe, want, allow, permit, forbid, recommend, require, urge, ask, ask for, beg, rely on, command, force, get, invite, persuade, remind, declare, discover, tell, wish, intend, encourage, inspire, lead, enable, order, teach, warn等。

　　I forbid him to smoke in the office.

　　我禁止他在办公室抽烟。

　　He reminded me to see my first teacher.

　　他提醒我去看我的启蒙老师。

　　My parents encouraged me to write novels.

　　我的父母鼓励我写小说。

　　③在序数词first，second 等以及last，best，only后作定语时要用不定式。

　　He is the first to come.

　　他是第一个来的。

　　She is the only person to believe me.

　　她是唯一相信我的人。

　　The boy was the last to come.

　　这男孩是最后一个来的。

　　④在used to, ought to , would like/love to, should like/love to, what(how, when, where, why, who…)+ to 结构中要用不定式。

　　He used to get up early.

　　他过去常常早起。

　　The boy should/would love/like to be taken to the cinema this evening.

　　今天晚上男孩要被带去看电影。

　　I don’t know what to do/how to do it.

　　我不知如何是好。

　　⑤用固定结构作插入语:to tell (you) the truth(老实说)；to be frank (坦率地说)；to start (begin) with （首先）；to make things worse （使事情更糟糕的是）等。

　　To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.

　　老实说，我不同意你的看法。

　　To make things worse, it began to rain now.

　　更糟糕的是现在开始下雨了。

　　⑥在too… to… ; enough to… ; so as to; in order to… ;（only）to… ;so/such… as to (如此……以致……) 结构中。

　　I read English outside so as not/in order not to disturb others. (so as to 不能放于句首，in order to 可以)

　　我在外面读英语，以免打扰其他人。

　　She was so weak as to be unable to work.

　　她身体如此虚弱以致不能上班。

　　He got to the station (only) to find the train had gone.

　　他赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。

　　常见类似结构还有：only to hear, only to see/find, only to be told/informed

　　注意：不定式表结果通常指出乎意料的结果；现在分词表结果指自然结果。

　　His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

　　他父母死了，使他成了孤儿。

　　⑦动词begin, start, continue等为进行式时，后只能接不定式。

　　It’s beginning to melt.

　　开始融化了。

　　⑧在句型：主语（人或物）+is/was said/

　　thought/believed/reported/supposed/known to… 中。

　　The girl is said to be studying abroad.

　　据说这女孩在国外学习。

　　The book is thought to have been translated

　　into many languages.

　　据说，这本书已被译成多种语言。

　　⑨用to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构或用在作宾语补足语的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等动词之后。

　　I won’t go if mother asks me not to(go).

　　如果母亲不叫我去，我就不去。

　　⑩在表示“希望，决定，意愿”，如want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean等动词之后。

　　— Would you like/love to have a cup of coffee?

　　——喝杯咖啡吗？

　　— Yes, I would like/love to.

　　——好的。

　　3.主动表被动的情况：

　　①不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。

　　I have no children to look after today.

　　今天我不用照顾孩子。

　　He is looking for a room to live in.

　　他正在找房子住。

　　注意：当不定式的动作和句子动作的执行者不是同一个人时，不定式要用被动语态。

　　I will go home. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?

　　我要回家了，你有东西要带给你父母吗？

　　②不定式作形容词的宾语，与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。

　　The problem is difficult to solve.

　　问题很难解决。

　　She is a nice woman to work with.

　　她很容易共事。

　　③有些作表语的不定式，用主动表被动。

　　She is to blame.

　　她应该受到责备。

　　The house is to let.

　　此房出租。

　　4.表示“意图”的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, want, plan, would/should like/love, think, wish, suppose等的过去式与to have done连用, 表示过去打算、希望、期待的事情没有实现。

　　I intended to have called on you, but I had an unexpected visitor then.=I had intended to call on you, but…

　　我原打算去看望你，但我来了一位不速之客。

　　I should/would like to have taken pictures of her, but I had no more films.

　　我本想给她照相，但我没有胶卷了。

　　5.不定式的复合结构：

　　It is+形容词+for/of sb. + to do 结构

　　①It is kind/silly/unwise/clever/wrong/right/ foolish… of sb. to do sth.

　　(形容词说明主语的特征)

　　It’s kind of you to help me.

　　你帮助我真是太好了。

　　②It is important/necessary/difficult/hard… for sb. to do sth.

　　（形容词表示事物的性质）

　　It is important for us to learn English.

　　学英语对我们很重要。

　　() 1. We were astonished ______ the temple still in its original condition.(2010·辽宁卷)

　　A. finding

　　B. to find

　　C. find

　　D. to be found

　　B

　　be astonished to do sth. 感到惊讶地去做某事。句意：我们惊讶地发现庙宇还是原始的状态。

　　() 2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______ first is the library. (2010·重庆卷)

　　A. repaired

　　B. being repaired

　　C. repairing

　　D. to be repaired

　　D

　　考查不定式。不定式的被动式作后置定语表示被动关系及动作尚未发生。

　　() 3. With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)

　　A. buy

　　B. to buy

　　C. buying

　　D. to have bought

　　B

　　考查非谓语动词。父亲节即将来临，我已经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼物。空白处应用动词不定式作目的状语，因此用B项。

　　() 4. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______. (2010·江西卷)

　　A. to discover

　　B. to be discovered

　　C. discovered

　　D. being discovered

　　B

　　考查非谓语动词。句意：很多有天赋的演员在那里，就是为了等着被人发现。discover与many talented actors之间是动宾关系，且强调将来，故用不定式的被动语态。

　　() 5. I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.(2010·山东卷)

　　A. completing

　　B. to complete

　　C. completed

　　D. being completed

　　B

　　have sth. to do “有某事要去做”。句意：在这个学期结束前，我有很多读物要完成。

　　书面表达：表格式写作技巧

　　【要点概述】

　　表格式书面表达是高考中常见的一种题型。这类题型常常通过表格的形式，展示某种现象，罗列一至两个观点，要求发表议论

　　和看法。文章体裁一般以说明文和议论文居

　　多，除了介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观

　　点、看法以外，有时也可能是记叙、议论夹

　　杂的文体，那就要求记述某事件后，对之发

　　表议论。这类题型要点明确，观点已给出，

　　只需认真审题，把握要点，把准方向即可。

　　1.认真审题，确定人称和时态。

　　2.仔细研究要点间的逻辑关系。根据它们的内在逻辑，进行调整，使条理清楚，便于表达，切不可逐条翻译。

　　3.首先直接点题，这是议论文论述的中心。然后对论点（包括中心论点或分论点）用论据逐一加以论证。要求观点鲜明，论据充分。最后可发表个人见解或看法。

　　4.对所列观点不能遗漏。

　　5.语言要精练，能使用恰当的连接词，使文章严谨有序。

　　【体验高考】

　　(2010·江苏卷)假设你应邀参加学校组织的“英语学习师生座谈会”请你根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇发言稿，简单介绍自己英语学习的情况，并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。

　　1.英语学习的目的

　　2.英语学习的方法

　　3.课外自学的途径

　　……

　　对学校英语教学的建议 (请考生根据自己的经历与感想，提出两至三点建议)。

　　注意：

　　1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

　　2．词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

　　3．文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

　　Dear teacher and schoolmates, it's a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Thank you for listening.

　　One possible version：

　　Dear teacher and schoolmates, it's a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. I'm interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally lt's very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows, vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building. I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. After class I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides, I've learned a lot from the Internet and other sources.

　　Now, I'd like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school. Firstly, we should be given more opportunities to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it. Secondly, I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them. Finally, I suggest we have more English activities, such as English contests and festivals.

　　Thank you for listening.

　　【强化演练】

　　(2010·浙江省杭州市第二次高三质量检测)下面的条形图(bar chart)显示了某中学对100名同学(男女各半)未来的职业取向的调查情况。

　　根据上图信息，请以“My Future Career”为题，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。要求如下：

　　1．简要描述图中的信息(不用标明数据，只概述情况)；

　　2．谈谈你的选择和理由。

　　注意：文章的标题和开头已给出(不计入总词数)。

　　My Future Career

　　As is shown in the bar chart, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　One possible version:

　　As is shown in the bar chart, what the boys like to do is to become businessmen and scientists. Only a few boys want to be teachers. It is interesting that the numbers of boys and girls who want to become doctors are equal. As for lawyers, more boys expect to have this job. However, there are still some students who are not clear about their future career.

　　To be frank, I will choose teacher as my profession in the future. The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing, my ambition is to be a teacher when I was a little boy. In order to realize the dream, I have been taking great efforts. For another, I have received from my teachers the knowledge, guidance and love, which I want to pass to my students, sharing laughter and tears with them.