SB1 Units 3-4
重点句型
1.You should not go rafting unless you know
how to swim, and you should always wear
a life jacket. (SBⅠ U3)
你不应该筏游,除非你知道如何游泳,而且一直要穿着救生衣。
unless conj. 意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if …not。
①在unless从句中,用一般现在时表示将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。
②当unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同,并含有be动词时,从句的主语与be动词可一同省去,如unless invited是unless I’m invited的简略形式,if not invited是if I’m not invited的简略形式。
①We won't keep winning games
__________________ ______ (如果我们不能一直打好的话).
②Don't be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.
A. unless
B. since
C. although
D. when
【答案】
①unless we keep playing well
②D “当有需要的时候,请不要害怕寻求帮助。”如果用unless不合逻辑。
2. How are you getting to the airport?
Is anybody seeing you off? (SBⅠ U3)
你将怎样去机场?有人给你送行吗?
句中are…getting和is seeing…off是现在进行时表示将来,强调在最近要做的事先安排、计划好的事情,可和表示将来的时间状语连用。能用现在进行时表示将来的动词,常见的有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, give, work, stay, play, do, meet, take, get等。
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ______.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
【答案】 B 根据所提供的情景Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.可判断出飞机马上要起飞了,故用现在进行时表示将来。
3. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise.(SBⅠ U4)
她还没来得及动,就听见一阵巨大的响声。
before conj. 意思是“在……之前”,注意在下列句型中的用法和灵活翻译。
①强调从句动作发生在主句前,可译为“还没来得及……就……”。
②It+be+一段时间+before…,意为“……之后才……”。
③It+be+not+long+before… 意为“……不久就……”。
④hardly…before… 意为“刚……就……”。
①Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up __________________(我还没有来得及) answer it.
②They were thrown onto the truck __________________ (他们还没来得及弄明白) what was happening.
③Please put it down __________________ (趁你还没忘记).
【答案】
①before I could
②before they could realize
③before you forget it
4. Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要尽力你就会发现你能做。
(1)祈使句+ and+陈述句 “……的话,就……”
(2)祈使句+ or /or else (否则)+陈述句“……的话,否则就……”
(3)名词短语+and +陈述句 “……的话,就……”
注意:以上祈使句和名词短语相当于一个条件句,陈述句中一般用将来时。
①Work hard, and you will make progress.=If you work hard, you will make progress.
努力学习,你就会进步的。
②Tell me the truth, or I shall/will never believe you. = If you don't tell me the truth, I shall/will never believe you.
告诉我真实情况吧,否则我永远不会相信你。
③Another ten minutes, and I will finish the task soon.
再给10分钟,我很快就会完成任务的。
①Develop the economy under the condition of environmental protection, __________________(否则我们会受到惩罚) by nature.
②Go ahead, __________________(你会找到) the hospital.
【答案】
①or we will be punished
②and you will find
课文原句高考对照
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.
你不应该从事木筏运动,除非你知道如何游泳,而且要一直穿着救生衣。
A small car is big enough for a
family of three ______ you need more
space for baggage.(2008全国卷Ⅱ)
A. once
B. because
C. if
D. unless
解析:选D。句意:如果你不需要更多
存放行李的空间,一辆汽车对于三口之
家便足够了。unless 是从属连词,引导
条件状语从句,含有否定意义。相当于
if条件状语从句的否定形式。意思是“
如果不……就……;除非……要不然”。又
如:
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
You should not go rafting
unless you know how to
swim, and you should
always wear a life jacket.
你不应该从事木筏运动
,除非你知道如何游泳,
而且要一直穿着救生衣。
The little boy won't go to sleep
______ his mother tells him a story.
(2010全国卷Ⅰ)
A. or
B. unless
C. but
D. whether
解析:选B。句意:小男孩不肯上床睡
觉,除非他妈妈给他讲个故事。
not…unless表示“除非……才……。”
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要尽力你就会发现你能做。
Stand over there ______ you'll be able
to see the oil painting better.(2008全国
卷Ⅱ)
A. but
B. till
C. and
D. or
解析:选C。句意:站在那儿,你可以
更好的欣赏这幅油画。祈使句+and+陈
述句(将来时),如:Work hard and you
will succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。
又如:
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
Just try and you'll see you can do it.
只要尽力你就会发现你能做。
If you have a job, ______ yourself to
it and finally you‘ll succeed. (2010四川
卷)
A. do devote
B. don't devote
C. devoting
D. not devoting
解析:选A。句意:如果你拥有一份工
作,一定要致力于这份工作,这样最
后你才能成功。空白处用动词原形,
句型为:祈使句+and/ or+陈述句。根据
上下文语境,“千万要致力于它”,加
强语气在原形前加do。
语法精讲
——代词
1.it, that, one, those和ones替代名词的用法和区别。
2.other 和another用法的区别。
3.either, neither, both, any, all和none的指代含义及数的情况。
4.every, any, each的区别。
5.it所构成的惯用句型。
6.every合成词及all和not构成的部分否定。
1.人称代词
(1)主格在句中作主语,宾格作宾语或表语。
如:— Who is it? — It’s me.(me作表语)
——谁呀?——是我。
(2)单独使用时,一般用宾格。如:
— I’d like to go home. 我想回家。
— Me, too.我也是。
2.物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词只能作定语。
(2)名词性物主代词用作主语、表语和宾语。
如:
This is my book. That book is his. Have you brought yours?
这是我的书。那本是他的。你把你的带来了吗?
(3)“of +名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如:
He is an old friend of mine.
他是我的一个老朋友。
Do you think that bag of hers beautiful?
你觉得她的包漂亮吗?
3.反身代词
(1)用作宾语、表语或主语和宾语的同位语。如:
We ourselves did that.我们自己做的。
You don’t seem to be yourself today.
你今天感觉很不好。
(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语:
by oneself=alone 单独一人
for oneself 独立,为自己
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得愉快
seat oneself=sit 坐下
help oneself to 自行取用
come to oneself 苏醒
make oneself at home 不要客气
dress oneself in 穿着
1.this, that, these, those
指示代词this和these是近指,that和those是远指。如:
I don’t want this book. I want that one.
我不想要这本书。我想要那本。
this和that都可代表前面提到过的事物,若出现两个名词,指代较前面的用that,指代较后面的用this。如:
Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福。(句中this=wealth, that=health)
What I want you to remember is this: English is of great use.
(此句中this不能用that替换)
我想让你记住的是:英语很有用。
2.it, that, one
(1)it是特指,用来代替前面提到的特定的人或事物,指的是同名同物;one是泛指,虽然代替的是同类人或事物,但不是替代其本身。它只能代替单数可数名词。如:
Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
(it=my pen)
我的钢笔在哪儿?你看见了吗?
I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one?
(one=a pen)
我没有钢笔。你能借我一支吗?
(2)one只能用于指代可数名词单数;that既可指代可数名词单数(特指),也可指代不可数名词。如:
This tea is better than that. (that=that tea)
这种茶比那种茶好。
(3)指代可数名词单数时,one=a + n.,
that=the + n.。如:
A house built of brick lasts longer than one built of wood.
用砖做的房子比用木头做的经久。
The house built of brick lasts longer than that built of wood.
这幢用砖做的房子比那幢用木头做的经久。
(4)that不能有前置定语,但可以有后置定语。而one既可有前置定语又可有后置定语。例句见上一条。又如:
This coat is not what I want. I want a green one.
这不是我想要的外套。我想要一件绿色的。
注:it的复数是they/them, one的复数是ones, that的复数是those, 它们的区别同上。
3.some, any
some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。另外,some可用于表示请求、提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。如:
If you have any ink, please give me some.
你要是有墨水,给我一些。
Would you like some coffee?你喝杯咖啡吗?
36
4.none, no one, nobody, nothing
none既可指人,也可指物,后可接“of短语”,属特指,而no one 仅指人(=nobody), 后不接“of短语”,属泛指。nothing仅指物,后也不接“of短语”,也属泛指。none可以简略回答以how many或how much开头的疑问句及一般疑问句,no one (=nobody) 回答以who开头的疑问句,nothing回答以what开头的疑问句。例如:
Neither of them have / has failed.
他们俩都没失败。
— How many books are there on the desk? — None.
——桌子上有多少本书?——没有。
— Who is in the room?
— No one / Nobody.
——谁在房间里?——没人。
— Is there any oil in the glass? — None.
——杯子里有油吗?——没有。
— What is in the glass? — Nothing.
——杯子里有什么?——什么也没有。
5.other, another,the other,others,the others
other表示“(没有范围的)其他的”,与名词复数连用。如:
Are there any other questions?
还有其他问题吗?
another泛指很多中的“另一个”,可作代词或形容词用,代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:
I don’t like this hat. Please show me another.
我不喜欢这顶帽子,再给我看看另一顶。
the other可作代词或形容词用,指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”,或另一方中的“全部其他的”。如:
I have two sisters. One is a student and the other is a worker.
我有两个姐姐:一个是学生,另外一个是工人。
I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other teachers?
我只看见两个老师在办公室,其他的老师在哪儿?
others泛指“其他的人或物”,the others特指“其余的人或物”。others常和some对比使用。如:
Thirty students in our class are boys; the others are girls.
我班30名男生,其他都是女生。
Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees.
一些人在提水,另外的人在浇树。
6.部分否定和完全否定
both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中,不管否定词在前还是在后,都是部分否定。如:
Both of you haven’t passed the exam.
你们俩考试并不都及格了。
All of them don’t like music.
他们并不都喜欢音乐。
要表示完全否定,要用neither, none, nothing, no one, no, never, nowhere等词。
如:
Neither of you has passed the exam.
你们俩考试都不及格。
None of them like music.
他们都不喜欢音乐。
() 1.
Neither side is prepared talk to ______ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010·全国卷Ⅱ)
A. others
B. the other
C. another
D. one other
B
根据neither可排除C、D。由于是两者可知选B。
() 2. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ______ for me?(2010·福建卷)
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
C
句意:当你向约翰逊先生介绍我的时候,你能替我说点话吗?根据句意,此处是针对听话者能否替说话者说话提问,而不是对所要说的内容进行提问,故所要说的内容是特指的,所以只能选C。
() 3. You are the team star! Working with ______ is really your cup of tea.(2010·安徽卷)
A. both
B. either
C. others
D. the other
C
考查不定代词的选用。根据team star说明听话人善于与他人配合,团队中不应只有两人,此处others指代团队中的其他成员。。
() 4. ______ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. (2010·天津卷)
A. Anything
B. Nothing
C. Everything
D. Something
B
句意:我一生中留有最深刻印象的是我第一次游览故宫。形容词原级比较的否定表示最高级。
() 5. I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ______ half learning drawing. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. another
B. the other
C. other's
D. other
B
考查other, another, others, the other的用法。other表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”,如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。the other 表示两者中的另外一个。题中将假期分成两半,一半用来学英语,另一半(the other half)用来学画画。故答案为B。
(
) 6. Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in ______ way or another for the better. (2009重庆卷)
A. any
B. one
C. every
D. either
B
在过去的20多年里,因特网已经帮助我们在一方面或另一方面改变得更好。any 任何;every每一; either两者之中任一个。
(
) 7. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _______ of their parents. (2009江苏卷)
A. those
B. one
C. both
D. that
D
根据句意空格处应该填the approach, 所以应该用that指代。
(
) 8. _____ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
(2009辽宁卷)
A. Such
B. This
C. That
D. So
A
句意:这就是电视的作用,它能使一个人突然成名。由…that 判断,可排除B、C两项, 空格处在句中作主语, 且表示“这样”, 所以用such。 so 不能在句中作主语。
(
) 9. Charles was alone at home, with
_____ looking after him. (2009全国卷Ⅱ)
A. someone
B. anyone
C. not one
D. no one
D
句意:查理一个人在家,没有人照顾他。由句中的关键词alone可知,应选no one ,指 一个人也没有。
(
) 10. — Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
— But
of them are in fashion now.
(2009上海卷)
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
D
由答语中的but 可知上下句为转折关系,因此尽管“你有那么多的衣服”,“但它们没有一件是现在流行的”,因此排除A、B 两项,而C项是表示两者的完全否定,故应排除。
书面表达:说明文的写作技巧
【要点概述】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。
23
一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类。
为使文章条理清楚,行文连贯,要用好过渡词,如连接词 although,but,when,as soon as,so等。承上启下的副词 generally,at the same time,finally,at last,later 等。
24
【体验高考】
(2009·湖北卷)假设你是华华,与英国网友汤姆约定用对方的母语通信,以提高各自的外语水平。最近你收到汤姆的电子邮件(附后),发现有一个成语使用不当。请根据下列要点,用英文回一封电子邮件。
要点:
1. 不应使用“无所不为”,应使用“无所事事”;
2. 说明这两个成语的用法;
3. 给予鼓励。
注意:
注意:
1.词数为100左右;
2.参考释义:无所不为 — do all kinds of bad things
无所事事 — have nothing to do;
3.除以上两个成语外,邮件中不得使用其它汉字或拼音;
4.电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入你所写词数),但不得抄入答题卡。
附(汤姆的邮件):
华华,你好!
近几天在忙什么事?有什么有意思的事吗?我们的学校放假了,所以这几天在家无所不为,饱食终日,只好上网发伊妹儿。没意思。我决定找份工作,做个自食其力的人。祝好!
汤姆
(以下所给内容不得抄入答题卡)
Hi! Tom,
Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice you've begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.________________________________________________________________________
Hope you'll find a job soon.
Huahua
One possible version:
However, I'm afraid there is one mistake I'd like to point out. It is “无所不为”. This idiom means “do all kinds of bad things”. Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I guess what you were really trying to say is that you've got nothing to do these days. In that case, you should use “无所事事”. We usually use “无所不为” to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad, and “无所事事” to describe the situation in which people have got nothing meaningful to do. Have I made myself clear?
Anyway, I'm amazed at the progress you've made.
28
【强化演练】
以“Learn to smile”为题用英语写一篇短文。
生活中会有不愉快的事,如:考试不及格(请再举一个例子)
学会对他人微笑 使人与人之间更亲近
微笑是一种语言 人人都能懂
注意:
1.词数:100左右,短文的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。
2.短文须包括所有内容要点,不要逐句翻译,可适当发挥,使短文连贯、通顺。
Learn to smile
Smile is an attitude to life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Learn to smile
Smile is an attitude to life. In our life, there may be something unpleasant. For example, you fail in an exam; or another time, you are misunderstood by your friends. These unpleasant things may make you feel sad. Then what will you do? Why not learn to smile?
Smiling to yourself can bring back your confidence. Sometimes the greatest enemy is yourself, that is to say, sometimes, you are beaten by yourself. We should also learn to smile to others. It will help us to get closer to others. So, smile is the most widely understood language.
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