第二讲 名词与冠词一、名词的数(1)可数名词有单复数之分。如：book－books－boxes－leaves－cities。(2)合成名词构成复数时通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数如果没有主体名词则将最后一部分变成复数。如：女婿过路人讲故事的人中介人(3)下列名词单复Chinese中国人日本人绵羊小鹿马力鱼水果(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。细菌bacterium(单数)－bacteria(复数)资料、数据 datum(单数)－data(复数)现象 phenomenon(单数)－phenomena(复数)(5) 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般没有单复数之分。如：England等。greatest wealth in the world.
很多人认为健康是世界上最大的财富。(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词表“经历”时是可数名词。(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有：value(价值)—values(价值观)；manner(方式)—manners custom(风俗)—customs(海关)；damage(损害)—damages(赔偿金)；work(工作)—works(著作)等需特别注意。(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数强调个体时为复数。如：他那个组是个大组所有的组员都积极参加活动。这部影片吸引了大量观众多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。(9)名词做定语时除man有单复数变化外其他名词一般用单数。如：三个女医生许多咖啡店名词的所有格(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's, 如：他妈妈的朋友们r's.
苏珊是我妈妈的一个朋友。(2)无生命的名词借用of表示所属关系。如：一个房子的窗户(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有则只在后一个名词后加 “'s”如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加 “'s”。如：那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系)那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有分别指两位妈妈)(4)“a(two，some...)＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。我妈妈的一个朋友我的两张照片抽象名词具体化表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等常构成“a/an＋(形容词)＋抽象名词”。如：一个惊喜一件乐事一个失败者一次失败一次巨大的成功一顿丰盛的早餐一种幸福
用所给单词的适当形式填空。 (一)
________(housework)were tested out in some 2.________(family)．Tony, ________(robot) looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair and white 4.________(tooth) speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，5.________(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed at last.
At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tony began to win the 6.________
(hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new haircut,
changing the makeup she wore and giving her 7.________(advise) on her personal8.________ (dress)．Therefore at the party all her
guests who were invited were filled with ________(admire)
when they saw her house was completely changed.
After the
test, the company was satisfied with 10.________ (Tony) report
and believed it was a 11.________(succeed) because he had
successfully made a woman regain her 12.________ (confident)
and fall in love with him.
(二)n August 23, 1998 in America, Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1.________ (play). But to some degree, many Chinese 2.________ (fan) and coaches take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a 3.________ (China) just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a 4.________ (succeed) and attracted the 5.________ (world) attention which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride.In most people's 6.________ (eye), Jeremy is a miracle.
In June 2017, When Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, including some 7.________ (family), some 8.________ (child) and some 9.________(woman) players. They brought cameras to take 10.________ (photo) with their idol and to show their love and respect to Jeremy Lin.
强(一)
． 2.families 3.robots 4.teeth 5.curiosity 7.advice 8.dresses 9.admiration 11.success 12.confidence(二) 2.fans 3.Chinese 4.success 5.world's 7.families 8.children 9.women 10.photos二、冠词考点透析不定冠词最基本的用法不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指表示“一个/一张/一本……以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。如：(1)An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out.
伞是用来遮雨的物件。(2)Ten years is a long time.
十年是漫长的一段时间。定冠词最基本的用法定冠词最基本的用法是表特指。在重复出现的名词、形容词最高级、序数词、江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸、乐器名称、某些建筑物前面都需有定冠词。如：(1)The film I saw last night is the most moving one that I have ever seen.
昨晚的电影是我看过的最感人的影片。(2)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二大河。(3)The Browns are all fond of playing the violin while the Whites are interested in playing tennis.
布朗夫妇喜欢拉小提琴而怀特夫妇喜欢打网球。不用冠词的情况(1)抽象名词表示一般概念时。(2)在表示职位或头衔的名词前。(3)在表示季节、月份、日期、节日(但在中国的传统节日前一定要有the)、(4)一日三餐、球类活动前。如：月8日是妇女节月1日是儿童节。我们选汤姆为我们的班长。华南的冬天不太冷但1990年的冬天却特别冷。我通常在家吃早餐在学校午餐。tudents will play basketball after school，and others will go running around the campus.
放学后有的学生打篮球有的学生则在校园里跑步。习惯用法英语中有不少名如：上学去学校在……前面在……前部(sit) at table 在吃饭(sit) at the table 坐在桌子旁边去当水手到海滨去(度假)没问题不可能在住院在医院
Ⅰ.用a或the填空。d kite gliders both with and without________pilot.
2．The students returned to school with________sense of achievement.
3．Today，his memory is celebrated by Burns clubs across the world and his birthday is________unofficial “National Day”for Scots and those with Scottish ancestry, celebrated with Burns suppers.
4．Several years later，the boss promoted Bob to manager，but Tom remained as________ordinary worker.
5．The Chinglish expression “long time no see” has become________standard English phrase.
6．Therefore，many young girls on TV choose to wear the most provocative(挑逗性的)clothes to catch attention________complete mess.
7．Today the Internet is playing________important and essential role in our life.
8．With the arrival of spring，the Dorritys took the children for________outing.
9．Then a man approached me and...I later learned that________man made his living this way：tricking tourists.________25yearold veterinary graduate is a fulltime dog walker.
Ⅱ.在空格处填入一个适当的冠词使文章结构完整语意通顺。______ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used to look into the windows of
3.______ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windows to get 5.________ small look at the treasures inside.
Some things looked as if they had not been cared for 6.________ long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7.________ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people，too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all 9.________ people around her. She was known to be 10.________ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.
Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age, qualities.
答案： 2.a 3.an 4.an 5.a 6.a 7.an 8.an 10.The 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 10.a下列各句都有一个错误请改正。d by the beauty of the city.
2．A friend of my sister was admitted to the University of Manchester.
3．How nice a jacket is! I bought it on the Internet.
4．Two thiefs slid into Mr. Green's house, but they were caught before they could take anything away.
5．Tu Youyou is one of the excellent woman scientists in China.
6．The program Running Man in Zhejiang satellite TV turned out great success.
7．Li Ming likes to help others and is called living Lei Feng.
8．The birds flew away in all direction when they heard the shot.
9．Have you heared of the death of the Nelson Mandela!
10．Wherever he goes, he makes it the rule to give his mother a call every day.
答案：Germen→Germans 2.sister→sister's 3.a→the 5.woman→women 6.great前加a前加a 8.direction→directions 9.Nelson Mandela前去掉the 10.the→a