第七讲 动词的时态和语态
一、动词的时态考点透析常用的动词时态句子结构。(S＝主语＝ 动词原形＝动词第三人称单数＝过去式＝现在分词＝过去分词)一般现在时：S＋do/does＋...一般过去时：S＋did...
现在进行时：S＋am/is/are doing...过去进行时：S＋was/were doing...一般将来时：S＋will/shall＋do...过去将来时：S＋should/would＋do...现在完成时：S＋have/has done...过去完成时：S＋had done...现在完成进行时：S＋have/has been doing...过去完成进行时：S＋had been doing...在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来这1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.
如果下雨的话排球赛就会推迟。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.
如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能1)I play pingpong quite well，but I haven't had time to play since the new year.
我的乒乓球打得不错不过自从新年后我就没时间打球了。(“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力不会短时间内消失用现在时) (2)－Can I help you我能帮你吗先生？－Yes好的我昨天在这里买了个收音机可是它不能正常工作。(doesn't work是主语的性能)过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态在答题时一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would_leave office soon.
当他清楚地说很快就要辞职时我们都惊呆了．(2)－How long had_they_known each other before they got married?他们结婚前认识多长时间了？大约一年。(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.
海伦把钥匙落在办公室了所以她不得不等她丈夫回来。gin，come等动词的现在时可表示计划安排好的将来它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。如：(1)The train leaves at four o'clock.Let's hurry.
火车四点出发咱们快点吧。(2)I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.
我 我将带我妈妈一同前往。oing to表示早就安排好的将来或表示根据某种迹象判断将要发生的事情；will/shall表示临时决定要做的动作；be to表示按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作强调主语的意志和决心；be about to表示马上就要发生的动作不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。(1)－What are you going to do this evening? 今晚你打算做什么？－I'm going to see a film with my friend.我打算和我朋友一起去看电影。(2)－Haven't you known Mr.Wang is ill?你不知道王先生病了吗？－Really? Then I'll go to see him instead.真的吗？那么我就去看王先生不去看电影了。(3)－How about seeing a film tomorrow?明天去看电影怎么样？－Sorry对不起明天不行我要考驾照。如果句中有so far等表示时间的短语谓语动词只能用现在完成时。如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.
到目前为止为了获取足够的饮用水他们已经打了一百多口水井。(2)I have been busy during the last few days.
最近几天我一直在忙着。句型“It is the first time...”中从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“It was the first time...”中从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如：(1)This is the first time I've been here.
这是我第一次来到这儿. (2)That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.
那是他们第二次在十字路口目睹事故发生。句中的状语是“by the end of＋过去时间”动词用过去完成时。句中的状语是“by the end of＋将来时间”动词用将来完成时。如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.
到上学期末我们大约学了3 000个英语单词。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.
到下个月末我们已经学完了第五册。二、动词的语态考点透析英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关语态的题目可以分为两步走：第一步确定正确的时态第二步确定正确的语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。被动语态的构成(以write为例)
1.进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是be being done情态动词＋be done不要遗漏任何部分。所有工作都必须在周五前完成。o connect these two cities.
正在修建一条铁路连接这两个城市。＋过去分词表被动。他摔了一跤受伤了。主动形式表被动意义。(1)系动词look等＋形容词/名词。这菜很好吃。(to be) practical.
他的计划证明是可行的。(2)be worth doing。这本书值得一读。(3)need/want/require/bear＋doing＝need/want/require to be done＝The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打扫。(4)be＋＋to do。ce is hard to find in the map.
这个地方在地图上很难被发现。(5)当句子的主语是物同时又是动作涉及的对象而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时用主动形式表被动意义。这时句末有一个表示方式的副词。我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。这种布耐洗。
Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空。________(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week.
2．Suddenly，he ________(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called his son...
3．People stepped on your feet or________(push) you with their elbows (肘部)______(inform)．o help an event develop often________(result)in the contrary to our intention.
6．When I saw a man sitting by himself waiting for the library to open, I sat down next to him and________(begin) a conversation.
7.Most of these singers so far________(see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money.
8．On International Children's Day, some orphans from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children ________(take) to the park.
9．It was my first trip to India alone. One day, as I ______(walk) through a
local market, a tenyearold boy came over.
10.Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream.
It somewhat ________ (bother) us.
11．I felt very tired when I got home，and I ________ (go) straight to bed.
12．“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.
Crawford.“Oh, ________(be) president，”said the boy, with a smile.
13．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ (change) my mind.
14.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs________(increase) sharply.
15.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.
16．Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us !
17.Jim ________(watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
18．I'm calling about the apartment you ________(advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
19．If nothing________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
20．Shakespeare's play Hamlet________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
Ⅱ.在横线上填上合适的词。________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________. But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, ________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.
答案： 2.found 3.pushed 4.was informed 6.began 7.have seen 8.were taken 10.bothers 11.went 12.will be 13.have changed 14.has increased 15.had had 17.was watching 18.advertised 20.has been made 2.was 3.pointed 4.are 5.will accept 6.are 7.was inspired 8.have learned 9.love短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处多者(从第11处起)不计分。ffice. It really didn't make any difference. I know my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door. There was no answer. I continue knocking at the door for some time. I get angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy told me at noon.He said that my wife phoned saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could do and I would be shut out of my house.
答案： home. It was cold and I
wearing a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldn't find it. I suddenly remembered that I
left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I
my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I
at the door. There was no answer. I
knocking at the door for some time. I
angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy
me at noon.He said that my wife
saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could
and I would be shut out of my house.