第十一讲 复 合 句一、名词性从句考点透析无词义在从句中不作成分。当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省。如：(1)That he will refuse the offer is impossible.
他不可能拒绝这个工作。(2)It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
她的头发变得灰白了这让她焦心。都可引导名词性从句但需注意下列几点： (1)在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。我们明天是否去露营看天气而定。(2)if不能引导表语从句。ver from the serious disease soon.
医生真正担心的是重病后我妈妈是否可以完全康复。(3)if不能引导介词后的宾语从句。一切都取决于我们能否制定出一个他们认可的计划。(4)如果宾语从句是否定句时只能用if。y at the meeting.
我问杰克他是否尚未想好在会上该说些什么。(5)discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。doubt作“怀疑”解释接宾语从句时如果主句是肯定的宾语从句用whether或if引导如果主句是否定的宾语从句只能用that引导。如：我们讨论了这药是否会引起副作用。office.
我们怀疑他是否称职。我不怀疑他能把这件事做得很好。词既有词义(该词基本的词汇意义)又在名词性从句中充当成分。因此在选择wh词时既要考虑该词的基本意义又要考虑它在从句中的作用。如：(1)－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that why you had a few days off?
——你请几天假就为了这个？(why引导表语从句在从句中作原因状语)(2)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
人们普遍认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。(whatever引导宾语从句并在从句中作wants的宾语)(3)A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.(what 引导宾语从句在从句中作宾语)电脑只能按你的指令做事。(4)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.是什么导致了事故发生还是一个谜。(what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语)等后接疑问词连接的宾语从句时疑问词应移至Since you have seen both fighters，who do you think will win?
既然两个选手你都看到了你认为谁会赢？等后接否定句作宾语从句时要把否定转移到主句。(不能说：I think you are not right.)我认为你不对。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求在空白处填上适当的词。________happened”，said Ferry.“I couldn't imagine________it is like to lose your home and everything.”
2．Soon, they became interested in different types of machines and began to learn________ the machines worked.
3.Nobody stood out admitting the fact，for some reason，________they lost the game.
4．He was greeted by the city mouse cheerfully. The country mouse was surprised________big the house was.
5．I couldn't do anything but stand and stare. Then a man approached me and asked________I wanted my belongings back.
6．It is your attitude towards it________matters.
7．As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
8．Scientists study ________ human brains work to make computers.
9．It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office.
10．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark Twain.
Ⅱ.阅读下列短文按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入适当的关联词。 ______ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw 2.______ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. 3.______ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about 4.______ the driver was guilty. 5.______ the police should do now is 6.______ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.______ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was 8.______ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact 9.______ he was overspeed driving at the turning. The police doubted 10.______ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
答案：；what 2.how 3.that 4.how 5.whether/if 7.whichever 8.how 9.that 10.whatever 2.what 3.Who 4.whether 5.What 6.that 7.how 8.that 9.that 10.whether短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处多者(从第11处起)up a heated debate what there will be a new round of College Entrance Examination reform of some provinces in 2017.Those in favor of it think it that the reform can lighten the student's burden to some extent. But, what most worries the opponents is whether it is likely that the frequent reform will result in students' great anxiety，as they doubt that it can really benefit students. Actually, it is not surprising at all because people pay so much attention to the reform，as College Entrance Examination plays a very important part in the future of the young. As a student of Senior 3, I do believe the most effective way is that we students get the hang of the knowledge of every course and which matters is we students should try our best to learn something useful so that we know how to fit in with the society.
答案：
二、定语从句考点透析关系who，whom，whose，which，that，as。关系副词有：whenhy。注意关系代词that的用法如：(1)All that can be done has been done.
能做的都已经做了。(2)I have read all the books that you gave me.
我已经读完你给的所有书籍。
(3)Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.
北海公园是两百年前修建的最美丽的公园之一。3．关于“介词＋关系代词”。能作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom 和which先行词指人时用whom先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。如：(1)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30在办公室里我似乎5：30前永远不会有时间而那时许多人都已经到家了。(根据句意用by which意为“到这个时候”)(2)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街上她找不到一个可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时when和where引导需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话仍然应用关系代词which。如：(1)It was an exciting moment for
these football fans this year，when for the first time their team won the World Cup.
这是足球迷一年中激动的时刻他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。 比较：This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语)(2)This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语)这是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。(3)I'll never forget the days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语)我永远不会忘记在这所大学学习的日子。(4)I'll never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的宾语)我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那些日子。关系代词与其他代词的选填。如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and等词它就是并列分句and，but，or，so等词它就是一个非限制性定语从句因此应选用关系代词。如：(1)Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise.
爱丽丝收到了老板的请柬这对她是个惊喜。(2)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didn't help.
汤姆的妈妈总是叫他努力学习可这一点用(3)I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me.
我永远不会忘记我们在乡村和农民们一起度过的那几年它们对我影响极大。引导的非限制性定语从句。都可引导非限制性定语从句在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是除了引导定语从句外还有“正如”、“像which没有这个意思。此外在句首引导非限制性定语从句时只能用as。如：(1)
can_see，,谓语)正如你知道的那样作为作家他很成功。(2)We collected money for these poor children，
at_the_meeting．,状语)我们为这些可怜的孩子募捐这是在会上决定的。(3)She
always criticized Tom，,)宾语补足语)她老是批评汤姆这让他极不高兴。如果先行词是way可用that引导定语从句或不用关系代词。如：(1)I don't like the way that he spoke to me.
我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。(2)I don't like the way in which he spoke to me.
(3)I don't like the way he spoke to me.
8．先行词是occasion时关系副词用when；先行词是point时关系副词用where。如：(1)I still remember the occasion when I had to tell a lie although I didn't want to.
我仍然记得那个场景虽然我不想说谎可又不得不说谎。(2)You could get into a situation where you are forced to do something against your will.
你有可能陷入一种困境：违背自己的意愿被迫做某些事
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求在空白处填上适当的词。____________has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
2．In 1786 they were published in the volume, Poems, Chiefly，________made him famous in Scotland overnight.
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，________had
also volunteered to help.
4. Some planes have seats________lie flat to become beds and on the very newest planes，passengers can even use the Internet!
5. He has 320 melons in all，58 of ________are on the table. Fresh and red, each weighs about 2kg.
6．Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
7．One day the city mouse，________lived in a big house wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit.
8．But she never forgot other children of the mountains________parents couldn't afford to send them to school.
9．My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed by a girl________dropped her books out of her locker.
10．All the bands________have little to do with good music fail to be viewed as successful on stage.
11.They think that managing one's micro blog will take a lot of time and energy，________should be used to study.
12．They also bought a wheelchair for tenyearold Tan Jun，________suffers from a brain problem.
13．That evening, __________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
14．Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
15．Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
16．In our class there are 46 students, of________ half wear glasses.
17．By 16：30, ________was almost closing time, __________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
19．Have you sent thankyou notes to the relatives from ________ you received gifts?
20．I wish to thank Professor Smith, Without ________help I would never have got this far.
Ⅱ.在下文空格处填入恰当的关联词。________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me facetoface, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.______ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passage, through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.________our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
答案： 2.which 3.who 4.that/which 5.which 7.who 8.whose 9.who 10.that 12.who 13.which 14.which 15.where 17.which 18.when 19.whom 20.whose 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.which 7.who 8.which 9.which 10.As短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加)画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处多者(从第11处起)不计分。appy. The New Year is coming, at when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. Which we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, that Kate intends to buy
she needs.That's the reason because Kate likes shopping there.As it will be the first time when Kates travels so far, she is too excited to fall asleep at night. She wishes it will become the most exciting experience that is she has ever had.
答案：
三、 状语从句考点透析它们都引导时间状语从句都可做“当……时候”解。when意为“在……时刻或时期”它可指“时间点”when还可作“既然”解释。as意为“一边……一边”或“随着……”着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。while只指“时间段”意为在……期间”它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词。while还可用作并列连词意为“而但”表对比转折。如：(1)－I'm going to the post office.我要去邮局。－While you are there你在邮局时能给我买几张邮票2)They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn't.
他们很震惊一个小孩居然能做出那道题而他们自己却不能。(3)As the day went on，the weather got worse.
随着一天过去天气变得更糟糕了。(4)The train had just started when we arrived at the station.
我们到车站时火车刚刚启动。(5)Why do you want a new job when you've got a good one already?
既然你已经有了个好工作为什么还要找工作呢？都是“一……就……”的意思。the first time作连词时意为“当第一次…no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when也是“一……就……之意但它们有时态限制前面部分用过去完成时后面用一般过去式。如果no sooner在句首句子要用倒装语序(请参阅第十二讲“倒装部分”)。如：(1)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?你记得把欠玛丽的钱还给她吗？－Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.当然我一见到她就把钱给她了。(2)I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
第一次见到她我就认为她人品好很诚实。 的惯用句型。＋time＋before...要过多久才……＋not＋time before...不要多久就……当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时1)It was not long before I forgot it all.
没过多久我就把这事全忘了。(2)The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
没等他冲进去救他的孩子房顶就塌了。引导定语从句时需跟在一个表示地点的名词后；引导地点状语从句时跟在一个句子后注意不要把它们混淆起来。如：(1)After the war，a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.
战争结束后在以前的剧院那里修建了一所新学校。(2)You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
你应该使其成为一个规定把东西放在找得到的地方。(3)After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎住了五十年后他回到了小时候在那里长大的那个小镇。(1)、(2)中where引导的是地点状语从句前是一个句子。(3)中的where前有地点名词 small town是一个定语从句。＋wh与whenever (无论……不管……)。＋wh只可引导让步状语从句则既可引导让步状语从句又能引导名whenever引导让步状语从句时可与no matter＋wh互换。如：(1)We'll have to finish the job，however long it takes.
无论花多长时间我们都必须完成工作。(however long it takes是让步状语从句相当于 no matter how long it takes)(2)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
无论谁帮助救了溺水的女孩都值得表扬。(whoever引导主语从句不能改成 no matter who)引导原因状语从句。because语气最强表示直接的原因是说话人认为对方不知道的原因它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时或者在强调结构中只能用because。since和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景它们引导的从句多位于主句前有时也位于主句后。如：(1)－Why are you so angry?Because it is the second time that John has cheated me.
——因为这是约翰第二次欺骗我了。(2)Since you have known the truth，I won't say anything more about it.
既然你已经知道了真相我也就不多说什么了。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求在空白处填上1．Sometimes hunger bit me so severely________I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.
2．However，his fame was not accompanied by money and he found it necessary to return to farming.________this also proved unprofitable，he entered government service in 1789.
3．They put on protective suits and gloves________they entered the building.
4．The manager knew Tony worked very hard these years.So he said，“Thank you，but I have a request.I hope you'll do one more thing for our company ________you leave.Perhaps you'll change your mind.”
5．__________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
6.She never stopped working for the mountain children________she died in 1942.
7．However，when I had to go back________I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.
8．And if you have a good appearance and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts，then your voice is not________important as it should be.
9．Everything was placed exactly ________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
10．Ma Wendi is used to curious glances________ she walks six dogs at the same time.
11．Sometimes I want to go out for a meal or shopping，but I can't do so________I worry about them.
12．I asked my classmates about her interests______I made my final decision.
13．I don't believe we've met before, ________ I must say you do look familiar.
14．Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
15．All the photographs in this book, ________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
16．He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
17．A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
18．—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
19．This restaurant wasn't half as good ________ the restaurant we went to.
20．I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
Ⅱ.阅读下列短文在空格处填入恰当的关联词。________ he went to senior school. Every day he worked 2.________ everyone else in my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn't stop trying 3.________ he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard 4.________ he tried, he made little progress, but he didn't lose heart at all 5.________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. 6.________ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last. We had a gettogether party 7.________ we started our new life in university. Everyone had got offers from universities, 8.________ we had a very good time. When we stood 9.________ we used to play and study, we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other, 10.________ we would go or whatever we would do.
Ⅲ.下列每句都有一个错误请改正。hall when it began to rain heavily.
2．You won't succeed in anything if you work hard.
3．Tom didn't pass the exam, because he was very sad.
4．Please put the book back as it was just now.
5．He worked such hard that everybody said he was a model worker.
6．Poor because he was, he never lost heart and he tried hard to live a happy life.
7．Although he was ill, but he still kept on working in the field.
8．Till he was 20, he never left his hometown.
9．I got up early so I caught the flight and I arrived in Paris before 5.
10．It was a pity that the roof fell after he ran out of the house.
答案： 2.When 3.before 4.before 5.While 7.because 8.as/so 9.where 11.because 12.before 13.although 15.unless 16.as 17.where 18.because 19.as 20.when 2.until 3.unless 4.as/though 5.because/as 6.As 7.before 8.so 9.where 10.wherever 2.if→unless 3.because→so 4.as→where 5.such→so 6.because→as 7.
8.Till→until 9.so→so that 10.after→before