必修一 Unit 2 English around the world
1. 课前自测 2. 课堂学案 词汇接龙
1.
______ (adj. 逐渐的；逐步的)→ ______ (adv. 逐渐地) 2.
______ (adj. 流利的；流畅的)→ ______ (adv. 流利地)→ ______ (n. 流利) 3.
______ (adj. 频繁的；常见的)→ ______ (adv. 常常；频繁地)→ ______ (n. 频率) 4.
______ (adv. 实际上；事实上)→ ______ (adj. 实际的)→ ______ (n. 现状；现实；事实) 5.
______ (adj. 官方的；正式的 n. 官员；公务员)→ ______ (adv. 正式地)→ ______ (n. 军官；警官) 6.
_____ (n. 本身；身份)→ ______ (vt. 辨别；确认)→ ______ (n. 鉴定；识别；认同；身份证明) 7.
______ (n. & vt. 命令；掌握；指令)→ ______ (n. 司令官)→ ______ (adj. 指挥的；控制的) 8.
_____ (vt. 辨认出；承认；公认)→ _____ (n. 认出；承认)→ _____ (adj. 公认的；经过验证的) 9.
______ (n. 词语；表示；表达；表情)→ ______ (vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递)→ ______ (adj. 富于表现力的) 10.
______ 〔adj. 较后的；(两者中)后者的〕→ ______ (adj. 迟的；晚的；已故的 adv. 晚；迟；最近；在晚期)→ ______ (adv. 最近)→ ______ (adj. 最新的；最近的)
课前自测
Key:1. gradual; gradually 2. fluent; fluently; fluency 3. frequent; frequently; frequency 4. actually; actual; actuality
5. official; officially; officer 6. identity; identify; identification7. command; commander; commanding
8. recognize; recognition; recognized 9. expression; express; expressive 10. latter; late; lately； latest 词块互译 1. 比以往任何时候更
than ______ 2. 在沟通中起重要作用
play ______ important part/role ______ communication 3. 精通英语
have a good ______ of English 4. 彼此交流
communicate ______ each other 5. 丰富英语语言
______ the English language 6. 充分使用时间
make ______ / ______ of time 7. 给美式英语拼写一个单独的身份
give a ______ identity ______ American English spelling 8. ____________
only time will tell 9. ____________
believe it or not 10. 众多讲英语很流利的人
a large number of ______ English speakers Key: 1. ever before 2. an; in 3. command 4. with 5. enrich 6. full use; the most 7. separate; to 8. 时间会证明一切 9. 信不信由你 10. fluent 句型补全
1.
Native English speakers can understand each other ________ they don’t speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不同，也可以相互理解。
(让步状语从句) 2.
It was based ________ on German ________ the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。 (more…than…结构) 3.
Today ________ people learning English in China ________ increasing rapidly. 目前中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。
(the number of…结构)
4.
Believe it or not, there is ________ thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 (句型there is no such thing as…)
5.
So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost ________ dialect ________ people in the northwestern USA. 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。
(the same…as…结构) Key:1.even if/even though 2. more; than 3. the number of; is 4. no such
5. the same; as
课文回顾
Key:1. speaking 2. as 3. has changed 4. or 5. was based 6. more 7. effects
8. who 9. the 10. its
At the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people __1__ (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English __2__
their foreign language.
The English language __3__ (change) quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sounds more
__4__
less like German for it __5__(base) on German, but modern English sounds __6__ (much) like French than German
because
England was once ruled by the French.
Two people had great __7__ (effect) on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, __8__ enlarged the English
vocabulary;
__9__ other
was Noah Webster,
who
wrote the most important dictionary that
gave American English __10__ (it) own identity. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 课堂学案 【词块助记】 1. base n. 基底；底部；底座；基地；根据地
vt. 以……为基础；把……建立在……的基础上
1. (2015福建卷)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
基于该调查，研究团队写了两份报告，但没有一份提出任何有用的建议。 2. (2017四川卷)And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions. 而且他们的回答应当基于手势、身体语言及面部表情。 at the base of
在……的脚底；在……的基点 on the base of 以……为基础；以……为根据 base sth. on/upon 以……为根据/基础；把……建立在……上 be based on 以……为根据/基础 【辨析】base与basis 二者都有“基础”的意思。base所指的“基础”是具体的，如：the base of a building建筑物的根基(基础，底部)；basis所指的“基础”是抽象的，如：the economic basis经济基础， on the basis of根据……/以……为基础。 1.
He based his conclusions at the evidence given by the captured prisoners.
2. (2017北京卷改编) Find out for yourself which a study really reported, and determine whether it was basing on good science. Key:
1. at改为on或upon 2. which改为what; basing改为based 【词块助记】 2. fluent
adj. 流利的；流畅的 1.
(2017四川卷)You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.
既然你要去帮那些有不同学习障碍的人，你就要具备会开车、能用流利的书面语和口语交流的能力。 2.
(2017安徽卷)Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. 会流利地说某种语言要花费数年时间，但为了获得认可而去学习则花费的时间要少得多。 a fluent speaker
说话流利的人 a fluent performance
熟练的表演 speaks fluent English 讲一口流利的英语
be fluent in ……讲得流利 be fluent in five languages
通晓五种语言 1. She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent at only six of them. 2. Schools find
expensive to take children who are not fluently English speakers, because they have to hire extra teaching assistants. Key:
1. at改为in 2. 在find后加it; fluently改为fluent 【词块助记】 3. command
n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握 1. (2015陕西卷) I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. 我英语掌握得很好因此被选为英语老师的助手。 2. The general issued a command that all of them should come at six o’clock.将军颁布了一道命令，要求所有人都要在六点钟到。 3. Shakespeare commanded a vocabulary larger than that of any other English writer. He used 16，000 words.莎士比亚掌握的词汇量大于任何其他英国作家。他使用过16 000个词语。
under one’s command＝under the command of
sb. 在某人的指挥下 have a good command of… 精通…… at one’s command 听从某人的吩咐；服从某人的命令 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事 command that sb. (should) do sth.
命令某人做某事 1. (2017浙江卷改编)The students behaved bad in the writer’s classes because she didn’t have good command of English. 2. The general gave a command that all soldiers went to the front. Key: 1. bad改为badly; 在good前加a 2. went改为go 4. request
vt. 请求；要求；需要
n. 请求
1. (2017湖南卷)Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student.
图腾夫人通常都是沿着一排排课桌走来走去，要求学生来回答问题。 2. (2015重庆卷)When his request was refused, he took out his French horn and started to practice. 当他的请求被拒绝时，他拿出他的圆号吹了起来。 3. You are requested not to smoke in the theatre.
剧院里请勿吸烟。 4. The pianist listened to our request that he (should) play in public again. 那位钢琴家听从了我们的请求，答应再次公演。 request a favour of sb.
请某人帮一下忙 request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 request sth. from/of sb.
向某人要求某物 request that sb. (should) do 请求/要求某人做某事 It is requested that sb. (should) do 要求某人…… give/make/refuse/reject a request
提出/回绝/驳回请求 at one’s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人请求
by request
照要求；应邀 【词块助记】 【辨析】request，demand和require request指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳请；demand指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，有时含有命令的意味；require意为(义务、法律、规章)要求，或迫切需要所要求的东西。 老师要求同学们不要在草地上走。(walk) The teacher requested the students ________ on the grass. ＝ The students are requested ________ on the grass by the teacher. ＝ The teacher requested that the students ________ on the grass. Key：not to walk; not to walk; (should) not walk 5. recognize
vt. 认出；辨认；承认；赏识 1.
(2015重庆卷)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
巴赫(德国作曲家)逝世于1750年，但直到19世纪初，他的音乐天赋才完全得到认可。 2. (2015湖南卷)English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. 英语是个不断变化的语言，它能接纳新词，认可常见词在词义、拼写形式和用法上的变化。 3. It is recognized that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们面临的最严重的问题之一。
recognize one’s voice 听出某人的声音 sb. be recognized to be/as… 某人被认为是…… It is (generally) recognized that… 人们(公)认…… recognition
n. 认出；认识
out of/beyond recognition认不出来 1.
I have not seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed out of ________ (recognize)． 2.
(2015全国卷Ⅰ改编) James Brindley ________ (recognize) as one of the leading early canal engineers nowadays. Key：1. recognition 2. is recognized 【词块助记】 6. come up
走近；上来；被提出；发芽；(太阳、月亮等)升起；发生 1. (2015湖北卷)A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder fondly. “You’re just the boy I am looking for.” 办公室里的一位绅士走上前来慈爱地拍了拍詹森的肩膀说：“你就是我一直在寻找的人。” 2. (2015北京卷)So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? 所以你是怎样想出你那绝妙的白日梦想，从而避免被树根绊倒或其他让你看起来像个傻瓜的事情？ 3. (2017湖北卷)During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.
在旅行期间，我忙着记录遇到的每件小事、名字和地方。 come up with 想出；提出；产生 come about 发生 come across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现 come on (演员)出场；赶快；得了吧；加油 come out 出版；出来，出现；结果是 come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到 when it comes to… 当谈到……的时候 注意：come up 为不及物动词短语，以物作主语时不用被动语态，而come up with意为“提出，想出”，其主语是人。 【头脑风暴】 7. make use of 利用；使用
1. (2015陕西卷) Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
医学研究经常利用森林里的动植物，这类物种的破坏会使研究者找不到某些疾病的治疗方法。 2. (2017江西卷)Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. 技术是灵活的。没有固定方法来使用它。万事取决于人们的态度。 make full/good/little use of
充分/好好/没有利用 make the most/best of 充分利用 take full advantage of
充分利用 be of (great/little) use 有(很大/没多大)用处 come into/go out of use 开始/停止使用 It’s no use doing sth. 做某事没有用处 put sth. to use 使用；利用 【头脑风暴】 8.
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 在句型“there is no such thing/person＋as…”中，such 意为“这样的”，such 与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应置于这些词的后面，其后名词是可数名词时，无论单复数，其前不加冠词，如：no such man, several such rooms等。 【微解析】 【仿写】 1. ____________ as genius; it is nothing but labour and diligence.
世间无所谓天才，它仅是刻苦加勤奋。 2. ____________ as Santa Claus.
不存在像圣诞老人这样的人。 【单句改错】 3. And there is no such thing like bad news unless you make it bad news. Key：1. There is no such thing 2. There is no such person 3. like改为as 9. Well, go round the corner on your left-hand side, straight on and cross two streets. It’ll be on your right-hand side.
哦，绕过你左手边的拐角，直走穿过两条街。它就在你的右手边。 【仿写】 1.
Get to the top of the hill, ______________ you can see the whole of Beijing.
爬到山顶上，你就能看到整个北京城。 2.
Make up your mind, ______________ you’ll miss the chance. 下定决心吧，否则你将失去机会。 【单句改错】 3.
If you don’t work hard, and you won’t pass the exam. 4.
Devoting yourself to the job, and
you’ll succeed in the end.
Key：1. and 2. or 3. 去掉and 4. Devoting改为Devote或去掉and 祈使句是表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、祝愿或建议等的句子。它的主语是you，通常不说出来。祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，句中省略第二人称主语；否定式为“Don’t/Never＋动词原形”。 “祈使句＋and＋简单句”相当于if引导的肯定的条件句；“祈使句＋or＋简单句”相当于if引导的否定的条件句。 【微解析】 Dear Peter， ① __________________________. Since you are longing to acquire a good knowledge of China, I eagerly recommend to you a campaign named “Reading About China”． In Britain, ② ___________________， 115 book stores exhibit 43，000 books about China, involving a wide range of subjects. ③ ___________________， but also some big modern cities and places of interest are introduced in these books. ④ ________________， there are masses of biographies of famous people from different fields and maybe you will come across one about Chairman Xi. The campaign is due to last three weeks from Oct. 20th, ⑤ ____________________________. I hope my recommendation will benefit you and help you learn more about China. 【写作导航】 1.
用as引导的非限制性定语从句来导入话题，表达“众所周知，阅读是开拓视野的最有效的方式”；“开拓视野”用broaden one’s view表达； 2. 用with短语来表达“随着习近平主席及其夫人的到来”； 3. 用not only构成的倒装句来表达“你不仅能阅读到中国的传统文化和历史文明”； 4. 填入一个过渡语表达“另外，此外”； 5. 使用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句来表达“在这期间你一定会欣赏到那些有关中国的精彩故事”。 随着习近平主席及其夫人对英国的正式访问，当地人们对中国产生了浓厚的兴趣。你的英国笔友Peter来信想让你推荐一个能够很好了解中国的途径。请根据下列信息，给Peter写一封回信，介绍一个“Reading About China”的读书活动。 内容要点：1. 英国115家书店展销43 000余册中国图书(英文版)；
2. 书籍内容：中国传统文化、旅游、城市、著名人物等；
3. 活动时间：为期三周(10月20日开始)。 【参考表达】 ① As is known, reading is the most effective way to broaden your view ② with the arrival of Chairman Xi Jinping and Mrs Xi ③ Not only can you read about Chinese traditional culture and historical civilization
④ In addition/Besides/Moreover ⑤ during which you are bound to enjoy these amazing stories about China