必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes
1. 课前自测 2. 课堂学案 词汇接龙
1. _______ (adj. 极度的)→ _______ (adv. 非常；极其；极端地) 2. _______ (n. 污垢；泥土)→ _______(vt. 使弄脏 adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的) 3. _______ (vt. 损害；伤害)→ _______(n. 伤害；损伤)→ _______(adj.
受伤的) 4. _______ (vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭)→ _______(n. 破坏)→ _______(adj. 毁灭性的) 5. _______ (n. 民族；国家；国民)→ _______(adj. 国家的；民族的)→ _______(n.
国籍) 6. _______ (adj. 无用的)→ _______(vt. 使用 n. 使用；用法)→ _______(adj. 有用的)→ _______(n. 用途) 7. _______〔vt. & vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 震惊；休克；打击〕→ _______(adj. 令人震惊的)→ _______(adj. 震惊的) 8. _______ (vt. 表达；表示 n. 快车；速递)→ _______(n. 词语；表示；表达；表情)→ _______(adj. 有表现力的) 9. _______ (vt. 使惊吓；吓唬)→_______(adj. 令人恐惧的)→_______(adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的)→ _______(n. 害怕) 10. _______ (n.
电；电流；电学)→ _______(adj. 用电的；带电的)→ _______(adj. 与电有关的；电学的)→ _______(adj. 电子的)
课前自测
Key: 1. extreme; extremely 2. dirt; dirty 3. injure; injury; injured 4. destroy; destruction; destructive 5. nation; national; nationality 6. useless; use; useful; usage 7. shock; shocking;shocked 8. express; expression; expressive 9. frighten; frightening; frightened; fright 10. electricity; electric; electrical; electronic 词块互译 1. 找寻藏身之所
look for places ______ 2. 没有把这些情况当一回事
think little ______ the events 3. 成为废墟
lie/be ______ 4. 挖出那些被困的人们
______ those who were trapped 5. 在露天搭起避难所
put ______ shelter ______ the open air 6. _______________
too nervous to eat 7. _______________
like red autumn leaves 8. 被从煤矿中营救出来
______________________ 9. 食物和水很难得到。
Food and water were hard ______.
Key:1. to hide 2. of 3. in ruins 4. dig out 5. up; in 6. 紧张得不进食 7. 像秋天的红叶 8. be rescued from the coal mines 9. to get 句型补全
1.
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were ____________.
农家大院里的鸡甚至猪都紧张得不进食。
(too…to 结构)
2.
Mice ran out of the fields ____________ places to hide.
老鼠跑出田地，寻找地方躲藏。(动词-ing形式在句中作伴随状语) 3.
Thousands of families were killed and many children were ____________.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
(leave的复合结构) 4.
____________ nearly everything was destroyed. 无论他们看向何处，几乎一切都被毁掉了。(everywhere作连词引导状语从句) 5.
____________ hope was ____________ lost.
并不是所有的希望都破灭了。(部分否 定)
6.
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, ____________ that it was the best one this year. 五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为这是今年最优秀的演讲。
(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) Key: 1. too nervous to eat 2. looking for 3. left without parents 4. Everywhere they looked
5. All; not 6. all of whom agreed
课文回顾
Key:1. rose 2. smelly 3. to eat 4. an 5. across 6. ruins 7. or 8. which
9. would last 10. survivors/surviving
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Strange things happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells
__1__ (rise) and fell. The well walls had cracks and a
__2__ (smell) gas came out of the cracks. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became too nervous
__3__
(eat) as usual. At 3∶42 am, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at
__4__
end. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack cut
__5__
the city. The city lay in
__6__(ruin).
Two-thirds of the people died
__7__
were injured. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook
Tangshan,
__8__
trapped many rescue workers and doctors. People began to wonder how long the disaster
__9__(last). But all hope was not lost. Soldiers came to help those
__10__(survive). Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
课堂学案 1. burst
vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发 1. (2015湖北卷)“You don’t know the secret of selling papers. You must shout, ‘Hot news! Bomb bursting！’” another newsboy Chad told Jason.
“你不知道卖报的秘密。你要叫喊，‘最新消息！炸弹爆炸！’”另外一个报童查德告诉詹森。 2. (2015湖北卷)With every planted food, Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.
每种种植的食物，洛强调说，都有突然散发出最佳气味的时刻。 3. (2015全国卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.
当我把礼品卡递给他，告诉他可以用它购买他家需要的任何物品时，他突然泪如雨下。 【词块助记】 burst into sp. 闯进；突然破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫 burst out doing sth.＝burst into ＋ n. 突然做某事 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放 a burst of 一阵…… a burst of laughter
一阵大笑 1. (2017江西卷)The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst into laughing. 2. I cannot eat any more; my stomach seems to burst out. Key：1. into改为out或laughing改为laughter 2. 去掉out 【词块助记】 2. ruin n. [U] 毁坏；毁灭；[pl.]废墟 vt. 毁灭；使破产 1. (2017福建卷)Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”.
很多乡村社区感到他们的乡村景色正被风力农场的发电设备所破坏，然而他们却从未采取“直接行动”。 2. (2015福建卷)Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.
然后确保你周围的人是能起帮助作用的，不要让负面因素毁了你的积极性。 lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin毁灭；毁坏 bring…to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产 ruin sth./sb.
毁坏某物/毁掉某人 ruin oneself
毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 1. With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruin. 2. She had no choice but to leave him. She could not let him to ruin her whole life. Key: 1. ruin改为ruins 2. 去掉第二个to
【词块助记】 3. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使陷入 1. (2015湖南卷)This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.
这当然产生了一个新问题：灰尘几乎掩埋了芝加哥每栋建筑的一楼。 2. Burying his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
他用双手捂住脸，想控制住哭泣。 3. Right after dinner he went into the study and buried himself in his lessons.
刚吃完饭他就钻进书房埋头做功课了。 be buried in＝bury oneself in
埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought
陷入沉思 bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习 bury one’s face in one’s hands
双手掩面
1. Burying in the interesting TV program, I didn’t hear the doorbell ringing. 2. He was so deeply burying in thought on the bus that he missed the stop where he should have got off. Key:1. Burying改为Buried或在Burying后加myself 2. burying改为buried 【词块助记】 4. trap
vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境
1.
Nathan’s dog got caught in a trap.
纳森的狗掉入了陷阱。 2. (2015湖北卷)The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. 小马驹实际上被困在了两块岩石之间。 3. Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be trapped into giving away vital information. 回答他的问题时要留神。你可能会中计，把重要信息泄露出去。 be trapped in… 陷入…… trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事 be caught in a trap
陷入圈套；落入陷阱 1. I was trapped to telling the cheat all I knew.
2. The ________ (trap) coal miners had to live on water for a week ________ they were rescued. Key：1. to改为into 2. trapped; before/until
5. judge
n. 裁判员；法官 v. 断定；判断；判决 1. (2017重庆卷)Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear. 穿着得体也很重要，因为当地人会通过你的穿着来评判你。 2. (2017福建卷)We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. 我们对这两派的建议是：发布报告，让全国人民来当裁判。
3. Judging by the look in her face, she might have failed the examination. 根据她脸上的表情来判断，她可能考试没及格。 4. You can’t judge a book by its cover. 你不能仅凭封面来判定一本书的好坏。(不能以貌取人。) judge…from/by… 从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 judging by/from
从……上看；根据……判断
【词块助记】 【构词】judg(e)ment n. 看法；判决；判断 【拓展】judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词形式作状语而不用过去分词形式。类似用法的还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking 坦白地说；considering…考虑到……。 1. Judged by the response of the audience, the performance was quite an success. 2. I haven’t read all of his books before, but ________ (judge) from the one I have read， I think he’s a very promising writer. Key：1. Judged改为Judging; an改为a 2. judging
6. shock
v. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊
1. (2017陕西卷)Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. 她的丈夫在她身边，但到处都是血，而且那个女人局促不安，很明显十分震惊。 2. I don’t know how deep you know about this disaster, but I know you will be deeply shocked.
我不知道你对这次灾难的了解有多深刻，但我知道你将会被深深地震惊。
be shocked at… 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊
be shocked that… 对……很震惊
come as a shock to sb.令某人大吃一惊
a great shock令人震惊的人或事
shocking news令人震惊的消息 【词块助记】 1. It was such shock to hear that you were in an accident. 2. I was shocking to hear that your mother-in-law passed away last week. Key：1. 在shock前加a 2. shocking改为shocked 7. at an end 结束；终结
1. (2017广东卷)As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. 你一听到它，就知道会议结束了。 2. (2017浙江卷)I love how people can seem so different，but end up being so similar.
我喜欢人们看起来是多么地不同，但是最终却如此相似。 3. Jim entered the competition without much hope, not thinking he would end up with first prize! 吉姆参加比赛时没抱多大希望，没想到他竟会夺冠！ 4. The young singer was pleasantly surprised when waves of cheering broke over her at the end of her first performance.
那位年轻歌手首场演出结束时，台下响起了雷鸣般的喝彩声，使她又惊又喜。 5. We aim for the completion of the task by the end of the year.
我们的目的是年底前完成这项工作。 【头脑风暴】 put/bring…to an end＝put/bring an end to… 使……结束 come to an end
完成；结束 in the end
最后；终于 on end
竖着地；连续不停地 make (both) ends meet
量入为出； 使收支平衡 at the end of 在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间) by the end of
到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
【头脑风暴】 8. think little/nothing of 认为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎；轻视；忽视
1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。 2. He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting, but his boss thought little of it.
在会议上他提出了一个好建议，但是老板根本不理会。 think much/highly/well of 重视；看重；对……高度评价 be well/highly thought of
被……高度评价 speak highly/well of… 高度赞扬…… speak ill of…
说……的坏话 sing high praise for… 高度赞扬…… 【微解析】 9. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
农家大院里的鸡甚至猪都紧张得不进食。 too nervous to eat意思为“太紧张而不吃东西”。其中的too…to…结构，表示“太……以致不……”。有时在“too…to”结构中加上一个for sb./sth.构成“too ＋ adj./adv.＋for sb./sth. to do”结构，以提示动词不定式的逻辑主语。 此外，too…to…与否定词not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义，即too…not/never to…“如此……所以能……”。另外，too…to…前面有only，but，all时，only too，but too和all too相当于very，后面的不定式也表示肯定；当too…to…用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式为肯定意义。例如： He is too clever not to understand this. 他如此聪明因此能明白这一点。 I’m too glad to see you again. 又见到你我很高兴。 【仿写】 1. She is too poor ________ such a nice
dress.
她太穷，买不起那件漂亮的连衣裙。(afford) 2. (2017北京卷改编)If a report seems ________ true, probably it is. 如果一篇报道听起来好得令人怀疑其真实性，很有可能它就不是真的。 【单句改错】 3. This question is too difficult to me to answer. Key：1. to afford 2. too good to be 3. 第一个to改为for 【微解析】 【仿写】 1. We have missed the bus. It looks ________ we’ll have to walk. 我们没赶上公交车，看来我们只好步行了。 2. (2017广东卷)Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I ________ their own family. 尽管当地的村民很穷，但是他们给了我他们的家、爱心还有食物，就好像我是他们的家人一般。
Key:1. as if/though 2. were 10. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
看上去仿佛是世界末日！ as if 是连词词组，相当于 as though, 意为“好像，好似”，其通常跟在look, seem等系动词后面引导表语从句。
此外，as if也可引导方式状语从句，修饰主句的谓语，此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。 【语法填空】 3. (2017重庆卷改编)It was John ________ broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it? 【单句改错】 4. John pretends as if he doesn’t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.
Key：3. who/that; had done 4. doesn’t改为 didn’t On August 3rd, 2017, a powerful earthquake struck Ludian in Yunnan Province.
The whole nation was shocked at the news.
What a frightening scene! The whole town ①_________________. ②________________ fell. Huge cracks ③________________ houses, roads and canals. Mountains collapsed. Roads were buried by stones and bricks. Water and electricity were cut off. ④____________________ under the ruins! In a word, everywhere I looked, nearly everything was destroyed.
⑤____________________， after the earthquake, all the people, including farmers, workers and volunteers, took action right away. Everyone did their bit to help the locals out of the disaster.
I sincerely hope Ludian ⑥____________________ all the people as soon as possible！ 【写作导航】 本篇书面表达与单元话题一致，在写作时，建议多使用单元中所学的与地震有关的词汇、短语和句型。此外，由于是记叙过去发生的事情，时态要用一般过去时。 1. 使用lie in ruins, a great number of, cut across, be trapped等短语来完成要点2的表达； 2. 承上启下，表转折，用过渡词完成要点3的表达； 3. 用with the aid of, return to normal等短语完成要点4的表达。 根据下面要点用英语写一篇短文。 1. 2017年8月3日， 云南省昭通市鲁甸县突然发生了强烈地震，全国震惊；
2. 地震现场令人恐惧：整个城镇一片废墟，大量房屋倒塌，一条条巨大的裂缝穿过房屋、道路和水道，山体崩塌，道路被掩埋，水电被切断，数千人被困在废墟下。放眼望去，几乎一切都被毁了；
3. 地震后， 全国人民立刻行动起来帮助当地人民渡过难关；
4. 真心希望鲁甸在全国人民的帮助下尽快恢复正常。 Key:① lay in ruins ② A great number of houses ③ cut across ④ Thousands of people were trapped
⑤ But fortunately ⑥ will return to normal with the aid of