必修一 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
1. 课前自测 2. 课堂学案 词汇接龙
1. ______(vt. & vi. 请求；乞求)→ ______(n. 乞丐；乞讨者) 2. ______(adj. 慷慨的；大方的)→ ______(n. 慷慨；大方) 3. ______(adj. 法律的；依照法律的)→ ______〔(反义词)
adj. 非法的；违法的〕 4. ______(adj. 怀有希望的)→ ______(n. 希望)→ ______(adj. 无望的；绝望的) 5. ______(adj. 积极的；活跃的)→ ______(adv. 积极地；活跃地)→ ______(n. 活动) 6. ______(n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬谢；奖赏)→ ______(adj. 值得的；有益的；有回报的) 7. ______(n. 暴力；暴行)→______(adj. 暴力的；猛烈的)→______(adv. 残忍地；激烈地) 8. ______(adj. 相等的；平等的)→ ______(adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地)→ ______(n. 平等；相等) 9. ______(n. 和平；平静；和睦)→ ______(adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的)→ ______(adv. 和平地) 10. ______(vt. 献身；专心于)→ ______(adj. 忠实的；深爱的)→ ______(n. 关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚) 11. ______(n. 自我；自身)→ _____(adj. 自私的)→ _____(adj. 无私的；忘我的)→ ______(adv. 无私地；忘我地) 12. ______(vt. 教育；训练)→ ______(adj. 受过教育的；有教养的)→ ______(n. 教育)→ ______(n. 教育工作者；教育家)
课前自测
Key:1. beg; begger 2. generous; generosity 3. legal; illegal 4. hopeful; hope; hopeless 5. active; actively; activity 6. reward; rewarding 7. violence; violent; violently 8. equal; equally; equality 9. peace; peaceful; peacefully 10. devote; devoted; devotion 11. self; selfish; selfless; selflessly 12. educate; educated; education; educator 词块互译 1. __________
as a matter of fact 2. __________
come to power 3. __________
lose heart 4. 对他的时间十分慷慨
be generous ______ his time 5. __________
continue to pay the school fees 6. 用暴力反抗暴力
answer violence ______ violence 7. 炸毁一些大楼
blow ______ some buildings 8. 帮助我们实现梦想
help us ______ our dream 9. 从监狱中逃走
______ the prison 10. 主动为人们提供法律指导
offer ______ to people ______ their legal problems Key:1. 事实上 2. 掌权 3. 丧失勇气或信心 4. with 5. 继续支付学费 6. with 7. up 8. achieve 9. escape from 10. guidance; on 句型补全
1.
However, _________ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
(this is/was a time when…结构) 2.
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ____________ we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 (where引导定语从句)
3.
Only then ____________ to answer violence with violence. 只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 (only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装)
4.
I felt bad ____________ I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
(the first time引导时间状语从句) Key:1. this was a time when 2. where/at which 3. did we decide 4. the first time 课文回顾 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, first met Nelson Mandela, he was in a very difficult period of his life. He had to leave school because his family could not continue __1__(pay) the school fees and the bus fare. When he got a job, he was
__2__(worry) about being out of work because he didn’t have a passbook. Then Mandela,
__3__
offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems, told him what
__4__(do) and helped him. When Mandela organized the ANC Youth League, Elias joined __5__ as soon as he could. At that time, black people couldn’t vote to choose their leaders. They couldn’t get the jobs they wanted and the parts of town in which
they had to live were decided by white people.
__6__
the help of Mandela they chose to attack the laws, and fought against the white people with
__7__(violent). In 1963 Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings, though it was very
__8__(danger). He was happy to help
__9__ he knew it would help them achieve their dream of __10__ (make) black and white people equal. Key:1. to pay/paying 2. worried 3. who 4. to do 5. it 6. With 7. violence
8. dangerous 9. because/for 10. making
课堂学案 1. devote
vt. 献身；专心于
1. (2017湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
你将永远不会获得成功除非你全身心投入到你的工作中去。 2. Mrs. White, a devoted friend of mine, devoted herself to teaching and her devotion to children made us vote for her.
怀特夫人，我的一位忠实朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们为她投票。 3. Mrs. Jones has a devoted husband; he would do anything for her. 琼斯太太有一个非常忠实的丈夫，他愿为她做任何事情。 【词块助记】 devote…to… 把……奉献给；把……专注于 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 devote to the good of the people 为了人民的利益 be devoted to 专心于；致力于 1. He devoted all his spare time to help his students with their English. 2. (2017天津卷改编)Low is kind and helpful because she has been devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer. Key：1. help改为helping 2. 去掉been
2. equal adj. 相等的； 平等的
1. (2017山东卷)If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.
如果宪法说所有的人都是自由平等的，那么她认为这也适用于她。 2. (2017全国卷Ⅰ)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, they were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States.
据计算，当信鸽的数量达到最高峰时，有超过30亿只——一个等于全美鸟类总数量24%到40%的数字。 be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事 be equal in… 在……方面相等 be equal with 与……平等 A equals B in… A在……方面比得上B without equal 无与伦比 【词块助记】 1. (2017福建卷改编)Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equal respected. 2. His height is under four feet, but his strength is equal than many of his peers. Key：1. equal 改为equally 2. than改为to 3. escape
vi.& vt. & n. 逃脱；逃走；避开 1. (2015四川卷)As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no threat and didn’t escape. 几个月过去了，兔子们看我没什么威胁，因而不逃走了。 2. (2017湖北卷)Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
与跑路的司机相比，我为自己做的事情感到自豪。 3. (2017山东卷)That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat.
在那特别的一天，弟弟和我坐在电影院里把两部电影连看了两遍， 试图躲避酷暑。 escape (doing) sth.
逃避(做)某事 escape from
从……逃脱； 逃避 escape to sp. 逃到某地 escape one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意 escape death/punishment 死里逃生/逃脱惩罚 sth. escape sb. 某物被某人遗忘；未被注意 a narrow escape
九死一生 make one’s escape from 从……逃脱/离 【词块助记】 【拓展】escape的基本意思是从受限制的状态下“逃离”，往往指罪人逃跑或逃脱惩罚，不需加away或off这样的副词；引申可作“消失；漏出；避免；被遗忘”解；用于比喻，可表示“情不自禁地发出”。 1. (2017广东卷改编)If he thought he could escape away attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. 2. He listens to music as escape from the pressures of work. 3. Many guards were watching over him, but he still succeeded in ________ (escape)． Key：1. 去掉away 2. 在escape前加an 3. escaping 4. reward
vt. & n. 酬谢；奖赏；报酬；奖金 1. (2017湖北卷)The police will reward whoever has provided useful information to catch the robber.
任何提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪的人，警方将予以奖励。 2. (2017广东卷)If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. 如果你不投入时间和劳动，不要期望得到回报。 3. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.
他解释说，他的饮食控制得太严格了，以至于不得不偶尔犒劳自己一下。 as a reward for
作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 in reward (for)
为酬谢……；作为奖励 reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为做某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth.用某物奖赏某人
【词块助记】 【辨析】reward, award reward指报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬，用作动词多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏， 常用搭配： reward sb. for (doing) sth.；award意为“奖品，奖金”，与prize用法相似；用作动词意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配award sb. sth.＝ award sth. to sb.授予某人某物。 1. As reward for passing his examination, he got a new watch from his parents. 2. Such good rankings show that China has rewarded after investing in higher education over the past 20 years.
Key：1. 在reward前加a 2. 在rewarded前加been 5. turn to
求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 1. The child turned to his mother for comfort. 小孩向他的母亲寻求安慰。 2. ( 2015全国卷Ⅱ)Open the curtains and turn up the lights. 拉开窗帘并把灯都调亮点。 3. (2015全国卷Ⅱ)If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. 如果你需要帮助来放慢速度，打开轻音乐。 4. (2015全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing.
看了一会儿玩具，他转过身发现父母不见了。 【头脑风暴】 turn away 拒绝(某人)进入；走开；转(或背)过脸去；转换方向 turn around 转回身；把……往回转 turn down 拒绝；调小 turn in 上交 turn out 证明是；结果是；关掉；熄灭(电灯、煤气等) turn up 露面；出现；调高(音量等) turn over 翻身；翻过(一页书)；移交 turn off 关掉；岔开(大路)；离开(某地)转入岔路 1. (2015全国卷Ⅱ)Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
根据你计划去参加的比赛类型，你可以为赛前剩下的几周建立一个时间表。 2. (2017山东卷)Upon graduation, Charlotte returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic. 一毕业，夏洛特就回到蒙特利尔开设起了一家私人诊所。 3. (2017安徽卷)Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. 露西在肯尼亚北部的一棵树上发现了一个野蜂窝，于是架起一部录音机。 4. (2015陕西卷)The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.
这条四岁大的狗出发横穿数块田地去追逐这只羊，由于是城市动物，它既没找到羊又迷失了方向。 6. set up 设立；建立
set about
开始做
set aside
把……放在一边；省出；留出 set down
写下；记下 set off
出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；激发 set out
出发；动身；摆放；陈列；开始；着手 【头脑风暴】 7. out of work 失业 1. (2017浙江卷)How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
在你失业已数月的时候，你怎能拒绝那么好的一份工作呢？ 2. (2017四川卷)The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.
这对情侣惊慌失措地试图划回岸边。但是他们不是风的对手，船失去了控制。 3. (2017辽宁卷)If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. 如果你理解冒犯你的人，你会认识到他或她是出于无意、恐惧，甚至是爱才这样做的。 4. (2017天津卷)We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.
我们是因为需要而选择走乡下道路的。我们必须每小时停一下，让班纳活动一下腿脚也让它吃些东西。
out of date 过时了
out of use 没用了 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of reach 够不着 out of sight 看不见 out of mind 心不在焉 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of order 出故障；次序颠倒 out of question 毫无疑问的
out of the question 不可能的；办不到的；不予考虑的 out of place 不在原来的位置；不合适；不协调 【头脑风暴】 【微解析】 8. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 the first time用作连词， 引导时间状语从句， 类似的名词短语和副词还有the moment/the minute/the instant, immediately/instantly/directly“一……就……”， every time/each time“每次”， next time“下次”，any time“任何时候”，last time“上次”，by the time“到……为止”等。
【仿写】 1. (2017山东卷改编)___________
into her room, she was so happy because she thought I was her daughter.
每次我走进她的房间，她都很高兴，因为她以为我是她的女儿。 2. ____________ I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend. 我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说好像交了一位新朋友。 Key:1. Every/Each time I came 2. The first time 【单句改错】 3. The second time when I saw her, she looked like an old woman. 4. Every time when Beethoven sat down to write music, he poured ice water over his head.
Key：3. 去掉when 4. 去掉when
Key:① whom to turn to(for help) ② was generous with his time ③ for which I was quite grateful ④ when any one of us was in trouble ⑤ devoted himself to
根据下面要点用英语写一篇短文。 1. 当我失业时，刚开始我不知道向谁求助； 2. 我想起了我的老师，我去向他征求建议； 3. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激； 4. 我记得在上学的日子里，当我们中任何一个人陷入困境中时，他总是鼓励我们不要灰心，要对未来充满希望； 5. 他把精力都用在学生身上。 When I was out of work, I didn’t know ① _____ ____________________________ at first. I thought of my teacher and I went to him for advice. He ②______ ________________________________ and gave me some advice, ③_______________________________ __________________. I remember in my school days, ④_________________________________________, he always encouraged us not to lose heart and to be hopeful about future. He ⑤_____________________ ___________________________________us students
【写作导航】 本篇书面表达与单元话题一致，在写作时，建议多使用单元中所学的有关词汇、短语和句型： 1. 用含有turn to短语的宾语从句来表达“向谁求助”； 2. 用be generous with来表达“对他的时间十分慷慨”； 3. 用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句和词语grateful来表达“对此我十分感激”； 4. 用关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句和搭配in trouble来表达“当我们中任何一个人陷入困境时”； 5. 用devote短语搭配来表达“致力于……”。