必修五 Unit 1 高考提能练
阅读理解·组块专练——练速度
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·太原市高三第二学段测评)Youre probably heard about sports coaches, fitness coaches, voice and music teachers, career counselors, psychiatrists (精神科医师) and other specialists who teach skills and help us cope with daily life.
But theres a rapidly growing kind of professionals who do a little bit of everything. She or he is called a “life_coach”. People who are at the crossroads in their life, and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost, are turning to them for help.
The idea that one person?s success story can change other people?s life for the better goes back at least to the 1930s. Dale Carnegie?s famous selfimprovement program “How to Win Friends and Influence People” came along soon thereafter.
But this new style of life coaches includes more than enthusiastic speakers or writers. They use their own experiences in business, sports, military service, or psychotherapy (心理疗法) to help others make critical life decisions. They often give their approaches a slogan, such as “energy coaching” “fearless living” or “working yourself happy”．
Dave Lakhani in Boise, Idaho, for instance, works with salespeople to develop what he calls a “road map”. He says an ongoing relationship with a coach is like having a personal fitness trainer for one?s career and life outside work.
Lakhani?s Bold Approach coaching firm also donates some of its time to help people who are anything but successful — including battered women and struggling single mothers.
But others in the socalled “helpful professions” are not thrilled about the lifecoaching movement. They say that anyone, trained or untrained, can call himself or herself a life coach, and these slick (华而不实的) promoters who mess with people’s life can do more harm than good.
语篇解读：当你处于人生的重要时刻时，当你想让公司里某些职员的事业得以提升时，你可以求助于人生教练，他们能帮助你做出人生中的重大决定。1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Working Yourself Happy
B．Life Coaches Help with Tough Decisions
C．How to Cope with Daily Life with Life Coaches
D．The Lifecoaching Movement
解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人生教练正成为受人们欢迎的专业人才，他们能帮助那些面临人生重大抉择的人做出决定。B项最具有概括性。
2．The underlined phrase “life coach” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．the career counselor who teaches skills
B．the psychiatrist who helps us cope with daily life
C．the fitness coach who teaches us lessons
D．the specialist who helps us make important life decisions
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第二段的最后一句及第三段的内容可知，“life coach”是指帮助我们做出人生重大决定的专家。
3．The last paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the introductions of life coaches
B．the disagreements about life coaches
C．the effects of life coaches
D．the experiences of life coaches
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“They say ... can do more harm than good.”可知，一些人对人生教练持否定的态度，认为人生教练可能给人们的生活带来的伤害大于益处，因此选择B项。
4．What is the authors attitude towards life coaches?
A．Cautious. Approving.
C．Casual.
Disapproving.
解析：选A 观点态度题。作者在文章中客观地对人生教练进行了介绍，既介绍了他们的职业优势，也提及了一些人对他们的否定态度，因此作者对人生教练的态度是严谨的。cautious“严谨的，谨慎的”；approving“赞成的”；casual“随意的，漠不关心的”；disapproving“不赞成的”。
B
(2016·商丘市高三第二次模拟考试)Chinas famous scientist, the Cloth Shoes Academician Li Xiaowen passed away on January 10th, 2015 in Beijing at the age of 68. Hundreds of thousands of netizens sang high praise for him online, showing their respect to the leading authority in remote sensing field. Following Li Xiaowen?s last wish, his family held a simple funeral for him, while many admirers from all over the country came to the funeral for remembrance. Some national leaders including Premier Li Keqiang also sent a wreath.
Li was a professor at Beijing Normal University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research achievements have advanced the development of remote sensing science, and made China one of the leaders in this field. He also received several famous science prizes from China. He published 1,878 essays on his blog since 2007. All his students have thumbed up to Li for his contributions to the development of remote sensing. He was known to everyone in the remote sensing circle, but was impressive on netizens for a photo.
In recent years, Professor Li?s quiet and selfeffacing behavior was recognized through social media. In 2017, a photograph of Academician Li was taken by his student, in which he was attentively making a lecture with shabby clothes, grizzled hair and straggling beard, without socks, and wearing black cloth shoes. He looked like an old villager, rather than a famous scientist. The photo became popular on the Internet and earned him the title of the “Cloth Shoes Academician”. His simple plain image, kindness to all his students and dedication to his career are three important features on him. All these are precious to educational and academic community.
“The society is changeable but Academician Li is quiet. He faced all stuff with his characters of quietness and simplicity. It is clear that he has become the’Teacher Immortal’．” said Ge Yuejing, a senior leader of Beijing Normal University.
语篇解读：本文讲述了“布鞋院士”李小文的成就和人们对他的评价。5．Why was Li Xiaowen popular with netizens?
A．He had great achievements while he lived a simple life.
B．He had high social status while he wore shabby clothes.
C．He was famous in the world while he was kind to students.
D．He was poor while he dedicated much to his career.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“showing their respect to the leading authority ...”可知李小文成就卓越；根据第三句中的“Following Li Xiaowens last wish, his family held a simple funeral for him”以及下文中提到他穿着简单朴素可推知他生活俭朴。故选A项。
6．The second paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A．why Li Xiaowen was called the “Cloth Shoes Academician”
B．how Li Xiaowen was loved by his students
C．how Li Xiaowen did his research
D．what achievements Li Xiaowen has made
解析：选D 段落大意题。第二段主要讲了李小文的成就。
7．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Premier Li Keqiang came to Li Xiaowens funeral.
B．A good teacher needs to publish essays on the Internet.
C．Social media made Professor Li Xiaowen worldfamous.
D．Professor Lis attitude to life and his career earned himself high praise and respect.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后两句可知答案为D项。
C
(2016·河北普通毕业班质量检查)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900s to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of groundlevel ozone (臭氧)．
Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment,
but groundlevel ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.
Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.
Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.
Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “superdirty” cars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了烟雾的形成原因、危害以及地方政府针对这一现象所采取的应对措施。
8．According to the passage, groundlevel ozone can________.
A．damage the environment
B．benefit human health
C．protect crops and forest
D．limit the spread of smog
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...but groundlevel ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧对环境和人体是有坏处的。故选A。
9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.
B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.
C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.
D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.
解析：选D 正误判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化学反应在流动的空气里发生并且导致了烟雾。故选D。
10．Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?
A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.
B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.
C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.
D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，空气中高浓度的污染物能较准确地表明空气质量差。故选D。
11．What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?
A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.
B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.
C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．
D．Buying new cars to replace superdirty old cars.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓励人们拼车，扩大和改进公共交通运输体系等。故选B。
D
(2016·石家庄高三教学质检二)If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?
According to Science Daily, about onethird of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”， namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?
Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.
But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn’t they?
To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences.
As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didn’t fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell’s surprise, he found that materialists weren’t any happier even if they spent money on material items.
This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that are rejected by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down.”
Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they don’t have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful.
If you happen to be a materialistic person, there’s something you can try. “If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier，” Howell said.
You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, “Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。12．What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?
A．Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.
B．About onethird of the people prefer material goods to experiences.
C．Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.
D．Receiving a new object brings lasting joy while the joy of an experience fades soon.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions”可知，经历比物品更能使人感到高兴。根据第六段中的“the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic”可知，比较倾向物质主义的参与者比不太倾向物质主义的参与者从购物中得到的快乐更少。由此可见， Ryan Howell 在他的研究中发现：有形物质比经历给人带来的快乐更少。因此，该题选A。
13．What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?
A．How to judge whether a person is a materialist.
B．Why materialists are not happy with their purchases.
C．How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.
D．Whether materialists are happy when they first make purchases.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段“But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn’t they？”及第五段第一句“To figure it out, Howell did another study.”可知该题选D。
14．Why does the author use the ancient Greek philosophers words in the last paragraph?
A．To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.
B．To persuade people to be satisfied with what they have.
C．To prove its unwise to be materialistic and desire too much.
D．To tell readers what they desire now might one day become theirs.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中那位哲学家的话“不要因期望你没有的东西而毁掉了你现在拥有的东西。记住：你现在拥有的东西就在你曾经渴望得到的东西之中”，再结合上文 Ryan Howell 研究得出的结论可知，作者引用这位哲学家的话旨在说服人们要对目前拥有的事物感到知足。因此，该题选B。
15．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Are You a Materialist?
B．How To Acquire Happiness?
C．The Best Present for the Birthday
D．Which Can Make People Happier?
解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐，故D项作文章标题最佳。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2016·东北三省三校第一次联考)As youre busy with your studies, the weeks during the Spring Festival can be a time when training and healthy eating plans go out of the window. But you can continue running and avoid weight gain during the holiday season. __1__.
Pick a race
Having a race on your calendar (日历) is a motivation to keep running during the holiday. __2__. Check our active.com or Running in the City for events near you.
Don’t skip breakfast
If you’re going to a holiday party in the evening, don’t make the mistake of skipping breakfast. You may think you’re saving calories for later. __3__.
Bring your own healthy dishes
Chances are that most of the dishes at holiday gatherings are going to be high in taste and calories. Bring your own healthy appetizers to the party. The host will appreciate it, and you know there will be at least one wise choice on the buffet table.
__4__
If you’re heading to an evening event, eat regular meals and snacks every few hours up until party time. You won’t arrive at the party ready to attack appetizers. Make sure you include fiber at each meal because it keeps you full longer.
Plan your runs
It’s easy to say that you’ll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but sticking to it requires a strategy. Schedule your runs like appointments, so you make them the first thing during a busy week. __5__.
A．Treat yourself
B．Eat small meals
C．Try some or all of these strategies (策略)
D．In fact, it may lead to overeating later in the day
E．Buy yourself a gift of some new running shoes and clothes
F．If you have runs scheduled, you are more likely to get them done
G．Once you choose one that is in a few weeks, set a plan and stick to it
答案：1～5 CGDBF