第七周 吸引眼球的定语从句
定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
一、定语从句的类型
1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
①As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which makes me feel confident about this position.(2015·陕西高考满分作文)
作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交往，这使我对这个职位感到自信。
②As we can see from the materials above, the traffic issue is still a big problem.(2015·江苏高考满分作文)
正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。
③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.(2015·福建高考满分作文)
只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。
①During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。
②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.(2017·安徽高考满分作文)
我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.(2015·四川高考书面表达)
听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。
[即时演练] 用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空
1．I hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about English and western culture, which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us.(2017·天津高考满分作文)
2．As you can see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.
3．I still remember three years ago when I was admitted into this school. (2017·湖北高考满分作文)
4．Those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society.(2017·广东高考满分作文)
5．She was educated at Beijing University, after_which she went to have her advanced study abroad.
二、定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：
[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①The foreigner is from Canada.
②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
[即时演练] 用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句
1．Ive always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.
I’ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
2．I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.
I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
3．This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.
This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
4．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there.
You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting.
5．We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her.
We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.
三、定语从句的常用句型
1．As we all know .../As is known to all ... 众所周知……
As we all know,
Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people.
众所周知，中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。
2．As sb. puts it ...
按照某人所说的……
As he often puts it, university education determines ones future.
按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。
3．such ... as ... 像……这样的；诸如此类的……
Believe it or not, we have found such materials as are used in that factory.
信不信由你，我们已经找到了像那家厂子里用的材料。
4．the same ... as .../the same as ... 像……一样的
Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been.
她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。
5．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个
As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.
据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。
6．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个
Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.
格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1．我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。
As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.(2015·福建高考满分作文)
2．她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。
She is such_a_girl_as is always ready to help others.
3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
The Great Wall is one_of_the_worldfamous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.
四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况
1．误用关系词
误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
误：I have a friend, whos name is Liu Mei.
正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.
2．句子成分残缺
误：There were many students took part in the English competition.
正：There were many students who took part in the English competition.
误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
3．有多余的代词或副词
误：The film I saw it last night was really very good.
正：The film I saw last night was really very good.
误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.
4．混淆定语从句与并列句
误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to peoples health.
正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to peoples health.
误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didnt help.
正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didnt help.
[即时演练] 单句改错
1．Those have work experience can find a job easily.Those后加who
2．This is the factory we visited it last year.去掉it
3．She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place where used to be a poor area.where→which/that
4．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, it is named after his grandfather.it→which或在it前加and
[综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子
1．在我们的日常生活中，我们对某件事情会有自己的不同于他人的观点。
In our daily life, we will have our own point of view about something, which_is_different_from_others.(2015·浙江高考满分作文)
2．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。
As_we_all_know,_our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.(2017·重庆高考满分作文)
3．他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。
He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.
4．这是一份很困难而且很有压力的工作，但却是一份能真正帮助别人的工作。
This is a difficult and stressful job but one where_you_can_really_help_people.
5．没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。
A sailor who_has_experienced_no_storm will never become an excellent sailor.(2017·福建高考满分作文)
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语短文，尽可能多地使用定语从句。
1．我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。
2．Kate是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她。
3．Kate在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名，这使得她妈妈很高兴。
4．新年就要到了，到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港。
5．众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。
参考范文：
I have a classmate called Kate, whose mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, which makes her mother happy. The New Year is coming, when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Kate intends to buy what she needs.