第十周 言简意明的非谓语动词
众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：
第一步：写出两个简单句。第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 [示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”．
②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.
第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。
第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。
In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
其他几个转换的例子如下：
①It carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. They are written by foreign friends.
→It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
②I went back home proudly that afternoon. I jumped with joy.
→I went back home proudly that afternoon, jumping with joy.(2015·湖南高考满分作文)
[即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.
→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (用过去分词作定语)
2．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.
→The_boys_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry. (用动名词作主语)
3．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.
→The_boys_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier. (用不定式作目的状语)
二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。
[示例]
第一步：写出复合句。
Since you have realized that your time is limited, youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited, youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(2017·安徽高考满分作文)
其他几个转换的例子如下：
①If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
→Carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.(2015·广东高考满分作文)
②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)
[即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.(2017·山东高考写作)
2．When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.
→Seeing_a_car_running_towards_her,_I_reached_my_hand_out_and_pulled_her_back.(2017·安徽高考满分作文)
3．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.(2017·湖南高考满分作文)
三、非谓语动词的常用句型
1．remain to be done 有待于被……
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。
2．疑问词＋to do
To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(2017·江西高考满分作文)
对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。
3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done
When searching for some information, we can operate by touching the screen.(2017·湖南高考满分作文)
当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。
4．easy/difficult ...to do ...
Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking arent easy to get rid of.
像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。
5．prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... 宁愿做……，而不愿做……
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。
6．having done ... 已经……
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.(2017·江西高考单选)
几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。
7．by doing ... 通过做……
Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.
在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。
8．only to do/to be done 结果却(被)……
If he continues like this, he will end up lifting a stone only to have it drop on his own foot, just as the old saying goes.
如果他继续这样的话，正如谚语所说，他最终会搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
9．judging by/from ... 根据……判断
Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
10．compared with/to ... 与……比较
There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.
有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。
11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... 据说/报道/认为……
A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.
据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。
12．with＋宾语＋补足语
In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015·福建高考满分作文)
在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆书简。
[即时演练] 用非谓语动词补全句子
1．人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
People can enjoy the moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
2．随着太空技术的快速发展，我们一定会在将来某一天奔赴月球。
With_space_technology_developing_so_rapidly,_we are sure to make a visit to the moon some day.
3．有些人宁愿骑自行车也不愿坐公交车，因为骑自行车没有乘坐公交车的麻烦。
Some people prefer_to_ride_bikes_rather_than_take_buses/would_rather_ride_bikes_than_take_buses/would_ride_bikes_rather_than_take_buses as riding bikes has none of the troubles of taking buses.
[综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．We were touched by the teachers words. We decided to work hard.
→Touched_by_the_teacher’s_words,_we_decided_to_work_hard.
2．I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help.
→Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I_begin_to_think_about_what_to_do_to_help.
3．On hearing the bad news, all the people present at the meeting puzzled about what they should do.
→On_hearing_the_bad_news,_all_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_puzzled_about_what_to_do.
4．Because I had paid a visit to the place, I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.
→Having_paid_a_visit_to_the_place,_I_will_go_somewhere_else_this_year_to_spend_my_summer_vacation.
5．As the society develops rapidly, its necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
→With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it’s_necessary_for_us_to_have_a_good_knowledge_of_English_and_computer.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用非谓语动词。
1．在阴历1月1日庆贺中国的阴历(lunar)年，也被称作春节，受到了全世界所有中国人的喜爱。
2．像世界上许多其他人一样，中国人喜欢庆贺他们传统的节日和春天的到来。
3．在春节，大部分中国人更愿意待在家里，吃大餐、与家人聊天；其他一些人可能会去走访朋友或者度长假。
4．另外，人们会在新年到来之际说“新年快乐”以表达良好的祝愿。
5．这也是孩子们的节日，他们会打扮得漂漂亮亮地，然后和父母一块去亲戚家里，还会得到压岁钱。
参考范文：
Observed/Celebrated on January 1 lunar month, Chinese Lunar New Years Day, also called the Spring Festival, is popular with all the Chinese people all over the world. Like many other people in the world, Chinese enjoy celebrating their traditional festival and the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival, most people prefer to stay at home, having big meals and chatting with family members while others may take a trip to visit their friends or to spend their long holiday. Besides, people will say “Happy New Year” to express good wishes for the coming New Year. It is also a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their relatives’ homes with their parents to get lucky money.