第七讲
特殊句式
单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考改编)Observe (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
2．(2017·重庆高考改编)It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
3．(2017·江苏高考改编)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
4．(2017·江西高考改编)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
5．(2010·江苏高考改编)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet ... Look, there come (come) the rest of our guests!
6．(2017·陕西高考改编)No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
7．(2017·江苏高考改编)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is there?
8．(2017·重庆高考改编)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.
一、强调句
1．基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式状语)
2．一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?
是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气的吗？
3．特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
4．含有not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ...＋其他。
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2017·天津高考单选)
直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。
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以上强调句型是对除谓语以外的成分的强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。
The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.
这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。
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二、倒装句
(一)部分倒装
部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：
1．当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。
2．当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.
只有当他下班回来后，我们才知道真相。
3．so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。
(1)“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。
—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.
—So have I.
——我有大量的工作要做。
——我也如此。
(2)“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。
—Liu Jia can’t answer the question.
—Neither/Nor can Peter.
——刘佳回答不上来这个问题。
——彼得也回答不上来。
4．在so/such ... that ...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。
So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.
他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。
5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Hard as they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
(二)完全倒装
完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：
1．表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。
2．当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.
公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。
3．有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。
三、状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：
此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
①Film has a much shorter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。
②Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not turn to him.
除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。
四、感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。
1．what引导的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋ 可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
①What a strange plant!
I’ve never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
②What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
2．how引导的感叹句
How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
How＋主语＋谓语！
①How interesting a story it is!
＝What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！
②How time flies!
时间过得真快啊！
五、反意疑问句
1．陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
一般情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但如果主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。
①I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn’t I?
我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？
②I don’t think the football team is likely to win, is it?
我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？
2．祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
肯定祈使句，＋will/won’t you？
否定祈使句，＋will you？
Let us ...，＋will you？
Let’s ...，＋shall we？
①Close the window, will/won’t you?
关上窗户，好吗？
②Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we?
我们去书店，好吗？
单句语法填空
1．(2016·南昌调研)It was not the word you said that angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it.
2．(2017·天津高考改编)Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.
3．(2016·杭州一中二模)—How is the man injured in the accident?
—The doctor said if treated (treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
4．(2016·衢州一中期中)—Why was it that you were so angry?
—Because we failed to take part in the basketball match.
5．(2016·山东师大附中一模)It was not until she lost her job that she realized how important it is that one should study all the time.
6．(2016·江苏无锡高中协作体联考)I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If so,_I can go to the hairdresser’s then.
7．(2016·重庆巴蜀中学二模)Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
8．(2016·陕西渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.
9．(2016·辽宁铁岭六校联考)What fun it is to take a rest after a long run!
10．(2016·广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training (train) him.
11．(2016·广西高级中学阶段检测)It’s true, but I heard some people did (do) find their better half through online dating.
12．(2016·甘肃兰州一中月考)He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.”
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2016·河南郑州一次质量预测)In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut, who was a gumcollector (树胶采集者), went into the jungle, as he did almost every day, __1__ (look) for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. __2__ his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.
Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something __3__ (specially). He ran to tell the local governor, and together they __4__ (walk) into the jungle. There they found Tikal (蒂卡尔), the city that the Mayans (玛雅人) had built hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places __5__ kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.
For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, __6__ no one had seen it for centuries. __7__ 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left __8__ and nobody knows why! After 1,000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.
Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mention Tikal. Even __9__ (early) than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city __10__ (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Now the lost city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediately to see it.
语篇解读：1848年夏天，在危地马拉有个名叫Ambrosio Tut的采胶人在丛林中偶然发现了古代玛雅人遗址。
1．looking 考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Tut与look为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示伴随，故用looking。
2．On 考查介词。表示“在具体的某一天”应用介词on。
3．special 考查形容词。此处应用形容词special修饰不定代词something。
4．walked 考查时态。根据上下文的时态可推知本空要用一般过去时。
5．where 考查定语从句。先行词为places，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Kings had lived in the places.由此可知关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
6．but 考查并列连词。前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。
7．Between 考查介词。between ...and ...“在……和……之间”。
8．it/there 由语境可知此处应用it或there代替上句的the city of Tikal。
9．earlier 考查副词比较级。根据后面的than可知设空处用副词比较级。
10．hidden 考查非谓语动词作定语。a great city与hide之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示状态，故用过去分词作定语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2016·西工大附中一模)As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year. But because the financial crisis, the situation of the employment has become very serious. Consider this, some people suggest graduates should have a lower career expectation, such as working in the western area of China. I in favor of this idea. Firstly, compared with the big cities, the competition is not as fierce there, but graduates can easy get a job. Secondly, the lower position may offer graduate more space. All in all, going to the west may be bring more benefits. Devote yourself to the west, for it is both good for our personal development and for our country at present.
答案：第一句：As→It; crowded→crowd
第二句：because 后加of
第三句：Consider→Considering
第四句：I后加am
第五句：but→so; easy→easily
第六句：graduate→graduates
第七句：去掉be
第八句：第一个our→your