第九讲
形容词和副词
单句语法填空
1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
3．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
4．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. Luckily (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
5．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.
6．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．
7．(2017·辽宁高考语法填空)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
8．(2017·辽宁高考语法填空)I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain)．
一、形容词、副词的原级比较
1．“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
①Actually, Jack is as old as Jim.
事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。
②He doesn’t run so/as fast as his younger brother.
他没有他弟弟跑得快。
2．当as ... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
①Today is as busy a day as yesterday.
今天跟昨天一样忙。
②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利的书没有我的书多。
3．“as＋形容词原级＋as＋具体数字”表示“高/深/多……达……”。
①The temperature here is as high as 39℃.
这里的气温高达39摄氏度。
②The building is as tall as 100 meters.
这座楼高达100米。
二、形容词、副词的比较级
1．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)规则变化
构成 例词
原级 比较级 最高级
单音节的词一般情况下直接加er和est small smaller smallest
great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以ble结尾的双音节词加r和st nice nicer nicest
cute cuter cutest
able abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，双写辅音字母后再加er和est fat fatter fattest
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加er和est easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
early earlier earliest
少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和est clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful
popular more popular most popular
efficiently more efficiently most efficiently
—————————————————————————————————————
①有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。
②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的)等。
—————————————————————————————————————
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
2.形容词、副词比较级的用法
(1)比较级＋than ...“比……更”；less ...than“不如……”。
Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.
在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。
(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It’s far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.
——我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。
——为什么？它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。
(3)the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。
The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient’s chances.
病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
(4)the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。
三、形容词、副词的最高级
1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。
Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education.(2017·全国大纲卷单选)
雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
2．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost等。
This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.(2017·辽宁高考单选)
这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
3．最高级含义的其他表达法。
(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as”结构表示最高级含义。
—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes, absolutely! It couldn’t be better.
——你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？
——是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。
(2)比较级形式表示最高级含义。
Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
4．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.
他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。
四、形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，但并不表示动作的方式。
①After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。
②Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.
我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
五、副词作评论性状语
连接副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词，通常位于句首。有时也用于句中或句尾。
Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦都是值得的。
[知识积累]
形容词和副词的词性转换
1．常见的形容词后缀
形容词
后缀 意义 例词
able/
ible 可……的；
能……的；
应……的；
有……性质的 acceptable可接受的
available
可利用的
valuable
有价值的
reasonable
合理的
accessible
可接近的
al 与……有关的 typical 典型的
digital
数码的
cultural
文化的
environmental
环境的
ant/
ent 是……的，处于……状态 frequent 频繁的
convenient
方便的
efficient
效率高的
significant
有重大意义的
ar 带有……属性的 regular 规则的；有规律的
circular
环形的；圆的；循环的
ary 与……有关的 ordinary 普通的，平常的
voluntary
自愿的；志愿的
d/ed 有……的；
有……特征的 limited有限的
colored
有色的
surrounded
被……围绕的
ful 充满……的；有……性质(或倾向的) successful 成功的
meaningful
有意义的
powerful
强大的
thankful
感激的
less 无……的；没有……的 endless 无尽的
aimless
无目标的
powerless
无能为力的
tive 有……倾向的 attractive 迷人的
effective
有效的
instructive
有教育意义的
y 多……的 foggy 多雾的
greedy
贪婪的
wealthy
富有的
healthy
健康的
2.形容词转换为副词
情况 变化规则
例词
一般情况 在词尾加ly immediate—immediately
wonderful—wonderfully
一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词 把y改为i，再加ly easy—easily
angry—angrily
noisy—noisily
以ble或le结尾的形容词 去e加y possible—possibly
comfortable—comfortably
以ue结尾的形容词 去e加ly true—truly
以l结尾的形容词 在词尾加ly usual—usually
careful—carefully
以ll结尾的形容词 在词尾加y full—fully
[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]
①(2015·浙江高考)On the lefthand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
②(2015·陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. ①easy→easily
②well→good (1)形容词与副词的错用
①修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词；
②系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。
①(2017·四川高考) I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.
②(2016·南宁市适应性测试)Sometime you may not be able to decide the situation you are in, but you can change your attitude. ①hardly→hard
②Sometime→
Sometimes (2)形近引起的错用
有些词词形看似差不多但实际词意相差甚远，例如：
①hard用作副词时表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“几乎不”；
②sometimes表示“有时”，而sometime表示“某个时候”；
③high表示具体的高，而highly表示抽象的高。
①(2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
②(2016·哈尔滨三中一模)I knew she would get much use of it than me.
③(2016·银川一中一模)Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger. ①better→best
②much→more
③去掉more (3)比较等级的错用
①比较级与最高级的错用。表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级；
②原级与比较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示同等程度的比较则用原级；
③比较级的重复。若形容词或副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·河南省高考适应性模拟)I found it hard to hear her commentary (评论) as she seemed to be talking to only the three or four people closer (close) to her.
2．(2016·郑州高三诊断)But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much better (good)．
3．(2016·河北保定二模)As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the more_likely (likely) we will be able to achieve our goals.
4．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even younger (young) ages.
5．(2016·聊城二模)The more I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood became.
6．(2016·聊城三模)One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.
7．(2016·潍坊一模)When you go out, far away from your daily (day) life, you will have a lot of exciting memories.
8．(2016·日照二模)I started to follow it again with a lighter (light) spirit than I had before.
9．(2016·沈阳一模)I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little brighter (bright)．
10．(2016·沈阳质检)The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying.
11．(2016·烟台模拟)You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more_slowly (slowly)?
12．(2016·东北三校联考)The new group of students is betterbehaved than the other group who stayed here earlier (early)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·四川高考短文改错)Don’t panic or get out of line，and try to remain quiet and calmly.calmly→calm
2．(2017·大纲版全国卷短文改错)So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.really→real
3．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！wonderfully→wonderful
4．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)The teachers here are kind and helpfully.helpfully→helpful
5．(2017·辽宁高考短文改错)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.closely→close
6．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Interesting, it had a connection with/to the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. Interesting→Interestingly
7．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)I remember my grandfather very much.much→well/clearly
8．(2011·陕西高考短文改错) I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. disappointing→disappointed
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2016·郑州高三二模)One evening, an elderly lady __1__ (drive) past a small town when one of her tires suddenly blew out. Even though all she had was only a flat tire, it was __2__ bad situation for a woman of her age. She was very __3__ (annoy), especially with the weather __4__ (get) colder and colder. At that moment, a man stopped his car in front of hers and asked __5__ she needed help. The old lady became even more nervous because the man looked poor and __6__(hunger). However, since no one else had stopped to help her during the past hours, she stood back and let him help her. After the man finished changing the tire, the lady was willing __7__ (pay) him an amount of money. To her surprise, the man replied that he just wanted to help her, just __8__ others had helped him in the past. He didn’t want the lady to pay him back anything.Instead, he just wanted her to help others __9__ need as well. Later that evening, the lady helped a heavily pregnant woman.__10__ never occurred to her that the woman was the poor man’s wife.
1.was driving 本句用了be doing ...when结构，表示“某事正在进行的过程中突然发生了另一件事”，故填was driving。
2．a situation是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填a。
3．annoyed 设空处作表语，表示人的感受，故填annoyed。
4．getting weather 与get之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且get所表示的动作正在进行，故填getting。
5．if/whether 由语境可知，男子问老妇人是否需要帮助，故填if/whether。
6．hungry 设空处与poor并列作表语，故填hungry。
7．to pay be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”。
8．as/like/because just as/like引导方式状语从句，意为“就像……一样地”；前后两句也可理解为因果关系，故可填because。
9．in in need 意为“在困境中”。
10．It 本句使用了It occurred to sb.that句型，意为“某人想到……”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2016·山东省实验中学二模)Dear friends, I have some advices about computers to share with you. Now the computer had become a good friend of us students. It has made our life more colorful. We can get information fast under its help. Through the Internet we can talk with people thousands of miles far away.
However, there have some disadvantages. It gives us some trouble. I’m afraid that we
spend a bit too much time play games in front of the screen. Our studies and health are getting worse. Our parents are beginning to worry us. In addition, we surely have less time leaving to get together with others. In this case, the computer is taking away our human nature.
My suggestion is that we would use the computer to improve our life and work on the
one hand, and enjoy the sunshine or fresh air with our friends on the other.
答案：第一句：advices→advice
第二句：had→has
第四句：under→with
第五句：去掉far
第六句：have→are
第八句：play→playing
第十句：worry后加about
第十一句：leaving→left
第十三句：would→should; or→and