话题十一
自然与环保
子话题(一) 水文和地貌
①geography n．地理
②province n.
省
③state n.
州
④capital n.
首府，省会
⑤ocean n.
海洋，大海
⑥continent n.
陆地；大陆，大洲
⑦stream n.
小河；溪流
⑧range n.
山脉
⑨valley n.
山谷，溪谷
⑩desert n.
沙漠
⑪jungle n.
丛林，密林
⑫landmark n.
地标性建筑
⑬mineral n.
矿物质
⑭urban adj.
城市的；郊区的
⑮local adj.
当地的
⑯native adj.
本地的，本国的
⑰remote adj.
偏远的；偏僻的
⑱mountainous adj.
多山的
⑲steep adj.
险峻的；陡峭的
⑳be rich in
富含；盛产
be separate from
与……分离
be located in/lie in
坐落于/位于
be surrounded by
被……包围/环绕着
cover an area of ...
占地面积为……
take on a new look
呈现新面貌
off the coast of
在……海岸附近
at the top/foot of
在……的顶部/底部(脚下)
to/on/in the south of
在……的南面(相望/接壤/在内)
子话题(二) 大气与气候
①weather n.
天气
②climate n.
气候
③haze n.
雾霾
④mist n.
薄雾
⑤fog n.
雾
⑥frost n.
霜
⑦drizzle n.
小雨；毛毛雨
⑧breeze n.
微风
⑨rainbow n.
虹，彩虹
⑩rainfall n.
一场雨；降雨量
⑪shower n.
阵雨；淋浴
⑫storm n.
风暴，暴(风)雨
⑬thunder n．& vi.
雷声，打雷
⑭blow vi.
吹
n.
击；打击；吹
⑮freeze vi.
结冰；使冻住
⑯pour vi.
倾泻，不断流出
⑰mild adj.
温和的，暖和的
⑱damp adj.& n.
潮湿(的)
⑲foggy adj.
有雾的
⑳cloudy adj.
多云的，阴天的
sunny adj.
晴天的；晴朗的
freezing adj.
冰冻的；极冷的
snowy adj.
雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的
chilly adj.
寒冷的
lowpressure adj.
低压的
zero degrees Centigrade
零摄氏度
50 degrees Fahrenheit
50华氏度
freezing point
冰点
heat wave
热浪
average temperature
平均气温
weather forecast
天气预报
subtropical climate
亚热带气候
extreme weather
极端天气
rain or sunshine
风雨无阻
子话题(三) 自然灾害与救援
①natural disasters
自然灾害；天灾
②earthquake n.
地震
③flood n.
洪水
vt.
淹没，使泛滥
④drought n.
干旱
⑤hurricane n.
飓风，十二级风
⑥sandstorm n．沙尘暴
⑦typhoon n.
台风
⑧volcano n.
火山
⑨tsunami
n.
海啸
⑩landslide n.
山体滑坡
⑪mudslide n.
泥石流
⑫acid rain n.
酸雨
⑬wildfire n.
野火
⑭shortage n.
缺乏
⑮damage n．& vt.
毁坏，破坏
⑯destroy vt.
摧毁，破坏
⑰ruin vt.
(使)毁坏；(使)毁灭
n.
(复)废墟；遗迹
⑱disappear vi.
消失
⑲threaten vt.
威胁
⑳predict vt.
预报，预言，预告
erupt vi.
(火山)爆发，喷发
terrify vt.
使感到恐怖
frighten vt.
使惊恐
distribute vt.
发放；分发
drinking water shortage
饮用水缺乏
warning level
警戒水位
volcanic eruption
火山爆发
dig out
挖掘，发现
donate ...to ...
向……捐赠……
stricken area
受灾地区
economic losses
经济损失
come to one’s rescue
前来救某人
be trapped in ruins
被困在废墟中
rebuild one’s home
重建某人的家园
子话题(四) 动植物及生态保护
1．动物
(1)动物名称
①creature n.
生物，动物
②wildlife n.
野生动物
③beast n.
野兽，牲畜
④zebra n.
斑马
⑤giraffe n.
长颈鹿
⑥squirrel n.
松鼠
⑦kangaroo n.
袋鼠
⑧koala n.
考拉
⑨dinosaur n.
恐龙
⑩shark n.
鲨鱼
⑪whale n.
鲸
⑫seagull n.
海鸥
⑬seal n.
海豹
⑭seashell n.
海贝
⑮tortoise n.
龟，乌龟
⑯dolphin n.
海豚
⑰cattle n.
牛(总称)；家畜
⑱donkey n.
驴
⑲eagle n.
鹰
⑳sparrow n.
麻雀
parrot n.
鹦鹉
insect n.
昆虫
pest n.
害虫
butterfly n.
蝴蝶
dragonfly n.
蜻蜓
mosquito n.
蚊子
(2)动物肢体部位
①claw n.
爪
②tail n.
(动物的)尾巴
③wing n.
翅膀，机翼
④feather n.
羽毛
⑤fur n.
毛皮；裘皮
(3)相关动作
①bark vi.
狗叫
n.
狗叫声
②hatch vi.& vt.
(鸟、鸡)孵蛋
③howl vi.
嚎叫，嚎哭，嗥叫
2．植物
(1)植物名称
①bamboo n.
竹子
②maple n.
枫树
③pine n.
松树
④bush n.
灌木丛，矮树丛
⑤seaweed n.
海草
(2)植物部位
①root n.
根，根茎
②ring n.
(树的)年轮
③branch n.
树枝
④trunk n.
树干
(3)相关动作
①plant vt.
种植
②harvest n．& vt.
收割，收获(物)
③grow vi.
生长；发育；变成
vt.
种植
④sow vi.& vt.
播种
⑤irrigate vt.
灌溉
3．生态保护
①ecology n.
生态，生态学
②evolution n.
进化，演变
③survival n.
存活，幸存
④primitive adj.
原始的，远古的
⑤bare adj.
裸露的
⑥extinct adj.
灭绝的
⑦preserve vt.
保护
⑧victim n.
牺牲品，受害者
⑨damage natural habitat
破坏自然栖息地
⑩disturb the wildlife’s natural habitat
扰乱野生动物的自然栖息地
⑪rare breed
稀有物种
⑫endangered species濒危物种
⑬die out
灭绝
⑭natural reserve
自然保护区
⑮protect wildlife
保护野生动物
⑯cut down
砍倒
⑰have disastrous effect on
对……有灾难性的影响
⑱keep the balance of nature
保持生态平衡
⑲raise the awareness of
唤醒……的意识
⑳live in harmony with
与……和谐相处
子话题(五) 环境污染与环境保护
1．环境污染
①pollute vt.
污染
②radiation n.
放射，放射物
③waste n.
废料
④rubbish n.
垃圾；废物
⑤litter n.
垃圾
⑥garbage n.
垃圾
⑦smog n.
烟雾
⑧haze n.
雾霾
⑨white pollution
白色污染
⑩carbon dioxide
二氧化碳
⑪acid rain
酸雨
⑫greenhouse effect
温室效应
⑬global warming
全球变暖
2．环境保护
①environmentallyfriendly adj.
环保的
②replace/substitute vt.
取代，代替
③protect vt.
保护
④recycle vt.
回收；再循环
⑤advocate vt.
拥护，支持，提倡
⑥preserve vt.
保护，保留，保存
⑦limited natural resources
有限的自然资源
⑧alternative energy
替代能源
⑨solar energy/power
太阳能
⑩nuclear energy/power
核能
⑪environmental protection
环境保护
⑫in harmony with nature
与自然和谐共处
⑬live a lowcarbon life
过低碳生活
⑭prevent ...from ...
阻止……做……
⑮raise one’s environmental awareness
提高某人的环保意识
⑯make proper use of water resources
合理利用水资源
⑰save and treasure our resources
节约并珍惜我们的资源
⑱take action/steps/measures to do sth.
采取措施做某事
⑲take responsibility for/be responsible for ...
对……负责任
⑳call on/appeal to sb. to do sth.
号召/呼吁某人做某事
1．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
2．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
3．Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.
大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。
4. The more wild animals we kill, the more debts we will pay in the future.
我们杀的野生动物越多，我们将来要还的债就越多。
5．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。
6．Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.
因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。
7．It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.
众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
8．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成，而且对维持生命起到了重要的作用。
9．With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasingly worse.
在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。
10．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。
(2016·济宁高三二模)上周日，你班开展以“美化城市环境，倡导低碳生活”为宗旨的志愿者活动。活动内容包括：上午去郊区植树；下午去广场宣传，分发传单。请你就这个活动为校报写一篇题为“A Voluntary Activity”的短文。内容包括：
1．活动内容、宗旨；
2．对同学的影响以及你的评价。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：传单 leaflet
A Voluntary Activity
Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity，________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.
[范文必背]
A Voluntary Activity
①Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, the theme of which is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.In the morning, we went to plant trees in the suburbs.We worked in cooperation. Some dug holes, some carried and planted trees, and the others watered them. In the afternoon, we went to the People’s Square to hand out leaflets, raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. Most of the students think highly of the activity, which will surely have a positive effect on our daily life.
As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment. ②As long as there is the possibility of saving our planet, do take action now before it is too late. Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.
[佳句演练]
(1)用whose引导的定语从句改写句①
Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, whose_theme is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.
(2)根据句②仿写句子
As_long_as_you_don’t_betray_me,_I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do)．
只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。