Unit 4 Global warming
【热点话题】(世界与环境)投诉东方红化工厂污染环境体裁：投诉信写作思路：写信目的—污染情况—治污建议【美文诵读】or，
I'm sorry to write to you，but I_feel_it_my_responsibility_to_do_so①，because we should pay attention to our living environment while_developing_our_economy②.
Yesterday we were organized by our school to visit the Dongfanghong Chemical Factory, which is a large factory and a main source of tax in our city. However，when we came out from the factory, we saw that the environment nearby was so badly polluted. The water in the river was as black as ink and there were no living things in it.What's_worse③，the trees and the grass were covered with a thick layer of dust.The crops as well as the people living there seemed unhealthy.
We_request_that_our_government_order_the_factory_to_take_measures④ and deal with the waste before they let it out into the environment.Only_in_this_way_can_we_live_a_healthy_and_happy_life⑤.
Thank you!
Yours，
Li Ming
【学海拾贝】按要求完成或翻译下列句子。我认为用钱奖励孩子欠妥。(it作形式宾语)过马路的时候你一定要小心。(分词短语作状语)天开始下雨了更糟糕的是我没有带伞。(what's worse)他要求我们别那么吵闹。(request)：hould_not_be_so_noisy．我们该采取措施防止这条河被污染了。(take measures)
Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词提倡拥护主张advocate
2．种类范围图表普遍的分布广的平均的发动机燃料温室花房资料数据核的原子核的消费消耗消费者平稳的稳固的平稳地持续地生存存在exist
生存存在 电的与电有关的电力电；电的电动的结果后果影响 随之发生的由此引起的j.consequent
用所1．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts，but some young children doubt that there_exist all kinds of ghosts in the world.(existence)
2．When we got there，the electricity went off.The local told us that the electrical power there was not enough.(electrical)
3．He refreshed himself and walked out of the room to buy some fresh vegetables.(fresh)
4．The storm tends to hit our city，but we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
5．Yesterday evening a big fire destroyed several buildings in the business town.It is reported that the_destruction of it was a big loss to the province.(destroy)
Ⅱ.翻译下列短语反对be_opposed_to发生；造成come_about同意；订购subscribe_to大量的 quantities_of上升增长go_up大体上基本on_the_whole
7．代表……一方on_behalf_of忍受容忍put_up_with只要as_long_as继续 keep_on
选用上述短语完成下列短文。(1) subscribe_to some new books and magazines，but the headmaster (2) was_opposed_to the plan saying that there were (3) quantities_of magazines in the library.The librarian said it was true，but (4) on_the_whole the books and magazines were too old and they should buy some (5) as_long_as the school could afford the new books.
Ⅲ.重点句型1．Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases，the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.(p.26)
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体其中最重要的是二氧化碳。
the most＋＋one of＋which/who...其中最……的……她有三个哥哥其中最优秀的供职于俱乐部。[模仿造句]用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)应采取有效措施防止生存环境进一步恶化其中最重要的措施之一就是限制过多的私家车的使用。ffective_measures_should_be_taken_to_keep_our_living_environment_from_getting_worse，the_most_important_one_of_
which_is_to_limit_the_use_of_private_cars.
(2)这里有很多的卡通片其中我最喜欢的是《喜羊羊与灰太狼》。()
Here are many cartoons，the most favorite one of which is Happy Sheep And Gray Wolf.
2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(p.27)
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量在未来几十年或
even if(也作even though)“即使；尽管”引导状语从句。即使你是对的也应该谦虚。[模仿造句]用上述句型完成1)即使你对此事一言不发我也能感受到你的失望。(2)即使我不同意你的观点我也会认真倾听你的声音。lly．3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it－if not！(p.30)在用电器设备时你可以让它开着如果不用就把它关掉！
so long as(也作as long as)“只要”。只要你开心我就会开心。[模仿造句]用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)只要你来就好穿什么无关紧要。(2)只要你努力就能成功。
用上述句型翻译下列小片段。李大爷有四个儿子最小的儿子非常富有而其他三个都比较穷。为了让三个穷儿子高兴李大爷常对他们说：“毫无疑问钱是重要的但钱并不是一切。只要你们健康能过上平常日子就要心怀感激因为如果没有健康即使你家财万贯也不会幸福的。”r_sons，the_youngest_one_of_whom_is_
very_rich_while_the_other_three_are_rather_poor.To_make_them_happy，Grandpa__Li_always_says_to_his_sons，“There_is_no_doubt
_that_money_is_important，but_money_is_not_everything.You_
should_be_grateful_so_long_as_you_are_healthy_and_can_live_an_ordinary_life_because_without_health，you_won't_be_happy_even_
if/though_you_have_a_lot_of_money.”
上下义词复现：英语词汇的上下义是指词的总结和分解关系。上义词是总称词下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如： food是bread的上义词反之bread是food的下义词。语义关联：在英语中有些词汇或表达是围绕同一话题或统一场景出现的。如：patient等相关词汇是围绕hospital这一场景展开的。【例】 I knew that discs were very expensive________to get started.
A．money B．time解析：expensive与money属语义关联。答案：A【例】 In May解析：cities与Washington、New York属上下义词复现。答案：B
运用所学的解题技巧完成下列微型完形填空题。(一) 1 from house to house in childhood.She longs for a sense of 2 B．raised解析：“moved from house to house”与“mobile children”属语义关联。答案：C解析：home 与下文内容构成语义关联。答案：A(二)us for his tales of mystery and horror. Poe never really knew his 1 .His father left the family early, 2 with his aunt and uncle. He and his aunt seemed very close,
quite got along with his uncle.
1．A.parents
B．relatives
C．friends
D．families
解析：parents与father是上下义词复现。答案：A解析：live与下文构成语义关联。答案：B(三) 1 the brain structureswhich contribute to babies' 2 at learning languages.They hope that the findings could help adults learn a second language.解析：studying与researchers是语义关联。答案：BA.movements
B．thoughts解析：ability与skill是近义词复现。答案：D(四) Experts say there is no right amount. Actual amounts differ from area to area, and from family to family. Set a 1 allowance for your child, 2 expenses on movies, nable
C．generous
D．saving
解析：appropriate与reasonable是同义词复现。答案：B解析：entertainment与下文的“movies是上下义词复现。答案：C
第一节 阅读理解
阅读下面的短文从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。A
Parttime Weekend Boutique Assistants Wanted
Are you looking for parttime work on the weekend? If you are, we might be the right choice for you.
From yoga clothes to running kit，ski to beach, gym wear to tennis wear; Sweaty Betty is the sports clothing brand of choice, with feminine (女性的) designs for better performance. With over 30 UK boutiques,
as sales areas in worldfamous department stores and two new stores in the US, Sweaty Betty is beginning its next exciting growth period!
WHAT YOU' LL BE DOING
★As a Boutique Assistant, working as part of the team，you will be responsible for delivering the outstanding customer experience for which we are famous.
★Driving forward sales
★Being an expert on our products
★Providing the best customer service
★Helping with the overall daytoday running of the shop
★Maintaining the company standards
★Keeping good housekeeping, cleanliness and merchandising
★On occasion, when considered proper, you may be required to carry out other duties within your strengths.
WHO YOU ARE
You love to live an active life, with a passion for sports.You enjoy being on the shop floor communicating with our customers with confidence while sharing your knowledge.Most importantly you are an ambassador (大使) and in love with our products.
WHAT WE DO FOR YOU
Bonuses(奖金)es，sample sales and lots more!
HOW TO APPLY
Please email us your CV & cover letter telling us why you want to work for Sweaty Betty.We'll give you a call within two work days to ask you for a job interview if we think you're qualified.
1．What does the brand mainly sell?
A．Sports clothes for both men and women.
B．Fashionable clothes for young girls.
C．Everything related to sports.
D．Sports clothes for women.
2．Which of the following might NOT be among the parttime assistant's responsibilities?
A．Trying to increase sales.
B．Helping the store stay clean.
C．Helping design new products.
D．Delivering the customer experience.
3．If beach wear costs 90 dollars，the parttime assistant can buy it for________．B．45 dollars________．D．immediately receive some clothes for free
语篇解读：本文是一则招聘广告招聘周末兼职运动服装销售助理。解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“From yoga clothes to running kit...is the sports clothing brand of choice可知主要销售女士运动服装。答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据打五角星部分的内容可知并没有提到要帮助设计产品故选C项。答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据“WHAT WE DO FOR YOU”部分的“50% off all Sweaty Betty goods”可知可以打五折故选B项。B
4．解析：细节理解题。根据最后一部分的“We'll give you a call within two work days to ask you for a job interview if we think you're qualified.”可知如果合格会在两个工作日内得到回复。答案：AB
Though there are numerous Halloween dog parades across the country，my favorite is the one that is held at New York City's Tompkins Square Park.It is also considered the most wellknown one in the country.Having been held for over twenty years，the yearly pageant (选美比赛) is one of the most competitive dog events in the world.Dog_owners_have_to_go_through_unbelievable_efforts_and_expense_to_dress_their_best_friends_in_the_most_unique_Halloween_costumes．st Halloween clothes.They were accompanied by their cheerful owners to try to grab the“Best in Show”title.While the prizes，which included an iPad，two tickets to a Broadway show and numerous gift cards，were certainly welcomed，it was the prestige(威望)of winning their pet the blue ribbon that the owners were really aiming at.(a cross between a Shih Tzu and Yorkshire Terrier) were dressed up as Frozen's Elsa and Anna.
Canine costume maker Anthony Rubio dressed his two Chihuahuas as Jon Snow and Red Viper from the popular television series Game of Thrones.There was also Superman，Indiana Jones，Lady Liberty and two amazingly cute puppies balancing a box between them! However.it was Baxter，Giupetto，Giana and their“crew members”Diana Lucci and Linn Consovoy，who sailed aboard the Titanic，that won the judge's approval and the“Best in Show”title!
My friends and I had great fun there and we looked forward to going there again.
5．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that______．s can't afford to go to the show
C．there aren't many clothes to choose from
D．the competition in the show is fair
6．What is the most popular prize in the show?
A．Numerous gift cards.
B．An iPad.
C．The blue ribbon.
D．Tickets to a Broadway show.
7．From Paragraphs 3 and 4 we can learn the costumes were very________．B．beautifulThe Halloween dog show in New York City.
C．The writer's most unforgettable experience.
D．Halloween dog parades across the country.
语篇解读：作者参观了纽约市举行的万圣节小狗化装比赛本文是对这次比赛的描述。解析：推理判断题。根据画线句子的内容可知狗的主人需要花费很多精力和金钱来选择服装这说明他们很重视这个活动。答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“it was the prestige of winning their pet the blue ribbon that the owners were really aiming at”可知应选C项。答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段对狗狗装扮的描述可知这些服装都很特别。答案：D解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知主要是围绕今年在纽约市举行的万圣节小狗化装比赛展开的故选B项。答案：B第二节 完形填空阅读下面的短文掌握其大意然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。(2015·安徽卷)In our modern world____1____ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ____2____ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we ____3____ a throwaway society？First of all____4____ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.____5____ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technologyucts are plentiful and ____6____．
Another cause is our ____7____ of disposable (一次性的) products.As ____8____ people____9____ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies ____10____ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates____11____ to the problem.We are ____12____ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that ____13____ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we ____14____ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world，we can see the ____15____ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To ____16____ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ____17____，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.____18____，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. way out.We need to repair our possessions ____19____ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about ____20____．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1．A.keyB．reasonA.Thanks to
B．As tobs
D．friendsD．larger
14．A.pick up
B．pay for
C．hold onto
D．throw away
15．A.advantages
B．purposes
C．functions
D．consequences
16．A.show
B．record
C．decrease
D．measure
17．A.technology
B．environment D．brands语篇解读：本文为议论文题材为环境保护类。在现代社会随着科技的发展人们养成了随时丢弃东西的坏习惯。事实上如果修补一下我们的所有物我们就可以减少大量的垃圾保护好我们的环境。解析：The problem is that...意为“问题在于……”由下文11空后的to the problem可知答案。答案：D解析：由15空后面的Mountains of rubbish...可知此处选B。答案：B解析：我们是怎样变成了一个一次性物品充斥的社会的呢？答案：B解析：替换物品比花时间和钱去修补来得更加容易。答案：C解析：由于现代制造业和技A：因为；B：至于；C：除了；D：不管。答案：A解析：由上文的inexpensively可知答案。答案：C解析：our love of disposable(一次性的)products“我们对一次性产品的热爱”。答案：A解析：由下文的save time 可知我们过着忙碌的生活。答案：D解析：look for ways to do...寻求做……的办法。答案：A解析：由5空后的produce可知这里是原词复现。答案：C解析：我们对新产contribute to 导致。答案：D解析：我们买新东西上瘾了。A：厌倦；B：沉迷；C：担心；D：为……感到羞愧。答案：B解析：由本段段首中心句可知答案。“产品越新就越好”。答案：A解析：由文章第make room for new ones”可知答案。答案：D解析：由下文的内容可知答案。A：优点；B：目的；C：功能；D：后果。答案：D解析：由下文可知这里是“减少垃圾保护环境”的意思。文章最后一句话点题是reduce的同义词。答案：C解析：由文章最后一句话可知答案。答案：B解析：由上下文可知这里表示转折。答案：A解析：我们需要修补我们的所有物而不是扔掉它们。A：通过；B：支持；C：在……之后；D：而不是。答案：D解析：由下changing our spending habits”可知选A。答案：A第三节 语法填空阅读下面短文按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。________ (determine) an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born 2.________. Human brains differ 3.________ (consider)，some being more capable than others.4.________however good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment 5.________ he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻得) environmentally________ (like) that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can 7.________ (show) by the case of the twins，Peter and Mark.When the twins were three months old, 8.________ parents died，and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor 9.________ (education) opportunities.Mark was educated in the home of welltodo parents 10.________ had been to college.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I．Q. was 125，twentyfive points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother.
语篇解读：有两种因素(先天因素和后天因素)可决定一个人的智力水平。即使先天因素再好如果没有后天的学习没有后天好的学习环境先天因素也不会得到好的发展。解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词two factors与determine为逻辑上的主动关系故用现在分词作定语。句意：有两个因素决定着一个人的智力水平。答案：determining解析：本题以定语从句的形式考查介词。将先行词(the sort of brain)代入定语从句后为：He is born(with)the sort of brain.由此可见设空处应为介词with。答案：with解析：考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语修饰动词differ。considerably 是副词意为：相当多地很非常。答案：considerably解析：考查并列连词。前后句之间为转折关系故用并列连词but。答案：But解析：考查定语从句。先行词为environment将先行词代入定语从句后为 He is brought up in the environment.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语故设空处应为where。答案：where解析：考查固定表达。“It is likely that...”为固定句式。意为：……是可能的。答案：likely解析：考查被动语态。show与句子主语The importance of environment in...为被动关系故用被动语态。答案：be shown考查物主代词。their代替the twins'作parents的定语。答案：their解析：考查形容词。设空处后为名词由此可判断设空处应用形容词作定语修饰 opportunities。答案：educational解析：考查定语从句。先行词为welltodo parents关系词在定语从句中作who。答案：who