2016届高考英语二轮复习专项练习：Book3 3.4 （新人教版）

　　Unit 4　Astronomy:the science of the stars

　　A级:基础巩固

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1.I have this 　(theoretical) that most people prefer being at work to being at home. 

　　答案:theory

　　2.It is generally accepted that smoking is 　(harm) to our health. 

　　答案:harmful

　　3.　(fundament),there are two different approaches to the problem. 

　　答案:Fundamentally

　　4.She held the baby 　(gentle). 

　　答案:gently

　　5.Our problems have　(multiply) since last year. 

　　答案:multiplied

　　6.She is a very 　(religion) person who goes to church every Sunday. 

　　答案:religious

　　7.This kind of plants has been in 　(exist) for millions of years. 

　　答案:existence

　　8.I’ve been 　(puzzle) over all the figures,trying to find what happened to the missing money. 

　　答案:puzzling

　　9.We live in a 　(globe) village,but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way. 

　　答案:global

　　10.Last night we had a discussion,which became more and more 　.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use 　whatever happens.(violent) 

　　答案:violent;violence

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1.You’ll succeed on time because you are always working hard.

　　答案:on→in

　　2.Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence?

　　答案:去掉an

　　3.If our parents do everything for us children,we won’t learn to depend ourselves.

　　答案:depend后加on

　　4.We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.

　　答案:happened→happening

　　5.Most people would like to cheer up their favorite players.

　　答案:up→on

　　B级:能力提升

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　The Four Basic Personality Types

　　Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain,which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective(反省的).

　　Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types,which were classified as “novelty seeking”,characterized by impulsive actions;“harm avoidance”,marked by pessimism and shyness;“reward dependence”,with an addictive personality;and “persistence”,who are people tending to be diligent,hard-working and perfectionists.

　　The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types.For instance,people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.

　　The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know,for instance,when it comes to understanding a child’s behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is,for example,particularly timid,might be helped through education and development.

　　There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off,because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward.But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.

　　People who have a reward-dependence personality could,for example,be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink,drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.

　　“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with,but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,”said Professor Venneri,who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.

　　If you know it’s not something you do but something you are,you can change the environment to reduce the risk.Knowing that someone has such a character could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.

　　1.Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?

　　A.“Novelty seeking”.

　　B.“Reward dependence”.

　　C.“Harm avoidance”.

　　D.“Persistence”.

　　解析:细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould...”可知B项为正确答案,其余三项不符合文章事实,故排除。

　　答案:B

　　2.Which of the following is TRUE about shy people?

　　A.They are often shouted at and scolded.

　　B.They can naturally put themselves forward.

　　C.They structurally have a smaller brain region.

　　D.They are too timid to be educated and helped.

　　解析:细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“...peoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.”可知harm-avoidancepersonalities型人脑容量小。又根据第二段中的“...‘harmavoidance’,markedbypessimismandshyness...”可知C项是正确的。A、B两项不符合事实,故排除。由倒数第四段中的“...helpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.”可知,此种性格的人也是可以教育和弥补的,因此D项是错误的。

　　答案:C

　　3.What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A.People have chances to change their personality types.

　　B.Scientists have identified four different personality types.

　　C.Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.

　　D.Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.

　　解析:主旨大意题。A和C项均属于无中生有,文章中没有这样说过。B项叙述太片面,非文章主题。本文讨论的主题是人的性格类型的生理原因,用了大量的篇幅和例子来分析这个问题,因此D项是文章的主旨。

　　答案:D

　　4.The author writes the passage to 　. 

　　A.present a fact

　　B.argue a claim

　　C.support a research

　　D.introduce an approach

　　解析:推理判断题。本文通篇都只是在用客观的语气来介绍一种研究结果,给读者呈现出一种新的认知事实,因此选A项符合作者的意图。文章里没有有意与谁争论什么,故排除B项。也没有用大量例子来证明自己的研究如何正确,故排除C项。更没有主观地介绍一种方法来指导读者,故排除D项。

　　答案:A

　　B

　　Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.

　　WhattoExpect

　　The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.

　　AccommodationZones

　　Homestay is located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town center as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的).Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.

　　MealPlansAvailable

　　◇Continental Breakfast

　　◇Breakfast and Dinner

　　◇Breakfast,Packed Lunch and Dinner

　　It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice,cereal(谷物类食品),bread and tea or coffee.Cheese,fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert,fruit and coffee.

　　Friends

　　If you wish to invite a friend over to visit,you must first ask your host’s permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.

　　Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomes

　　Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.However,it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.

　　5.The passage is probably written for　. 

　　A.hosts willing to receive foreign students

　　B.foreigners hoping to build British culture

　　C.travelers planning to visit families in London

　　D.English learners applying to live in English homes

　　解析:推理判断题。由第一句中的“Englishlanguagestudents”提示,加上后面的内容可知,这是一则面向想学英语的学生的招生广告,因此选D项。其余三项都是主观臆断,没有事实依据,故排除。

　　答案:D

　　6.Which of the following will the host provide?

　　A.Room cleaning. B.Medical care.

　　C.Free transport. D.Physical training.

　　解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“Roomswillbecleaned”可知A项正确。其余选项都没有事实依据,故排除。

　　答案:A

　　7.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

　　A.Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.

　　B.The business center of London is in Zone 1.

　　C.Hosts dislike travelling to the city center.

　　D.Accommodation in the city center is not provided.

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第三段前两句话“Homestayislocatedin...iscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).”可推断出伦敦的2、3、4区相对于1区来说是居住区,反推1区应是文中所指的伦敦中心的商业区。

　　答案:B

　　8.According to the passage,what does Continental Breakfast include?

　　A.Dessert and coffee.

　　B.Fruit and vegetables.

　　C.Bread and fruit juice.

　　D.Cereal and cold meat.

　　解析:细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“ContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal(谷物类食品),breadandteaorcoffee”可知,只有C项是正确的。故选C项。

　　答案:C

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

　　2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　This morning I went to the shoes shop to buy a pair of new shoes.When I got there,I noticed a foreign lady talk to a salesgirl.But the salesgirl didn’t understand that the foreigner was saying.They both looked worrying.I went up to help them.The lady is Australian.She wanted to buy a pair of traveling shoes.So I told it to the salesgirl.The lady was very much glad when she took it.She sings high praise for my spoken English.All of them expressed their thanks to me.I felt happy that I expressed myself free in English.

　　答案:第一句:第一个shoes→shoe

　　第二句:talk→talking

　　第三句:that→what

　　第四句:worrying→worried

　　第六句:is后加an

　　第九句:去掉much;it→them

　　第十句:sings→sang

　　第十一句:All→Both

　　第十二句:free→freely