英语词法专题讲座十一：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式
1. 动词不定式作宾语。
1). 在动词want, hope, would like, decide, wish,
choose, try, need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.
3). stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。
After working for a long time, He has to stop _______(have ) a rest.
He was very tired, so he had to stop ______(work).
2. 动词不定式作宾语补。
1). 带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
Please ask him _________(come) quickly.
2). 省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth
注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to.
He made the baby _______(stop) crying.
The baby was made ______ _____ crying.
3. 动词不定式作主语
1). 动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2). 常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。
To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =
It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth
To get an injection is a little painful.
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection(注射).
4. 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后
名词或代词+to do+(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。
I want a pen to write ______.
I want a piece of paper to write ______.
5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.
Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital?
Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.
6. 动词不定式可作状语
1). 动词不定式可作目的状语
在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。
He came here ______(get)his book.
2). 动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语
He was glad _______(see) his wife.
3). 动词不定式可作结果状语
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。
He was too tired _______(walk) on.
7. 动词不定式作表语
be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。
Her wish is _______(become) a doctor.
_____ _____ is her wish.
8. 动词不定式的否定形式
在动词不定式的前面加not.
He told me _______(not stay) here.
9. 动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。
1). 动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to.但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。
Edison’s mother taught him to write and read.
I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.
2) 省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。
Will you take a walk with me ? I’m glad to.
Would you like to join my birthday party ?
I would love to.
二、动名词
1. 动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.
2. 有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。
三、现在分词
1. 现在分词常放在see, hear, watch, notice 等之后作宾补。
I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now.
2. 现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping.
Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=
Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?
3. 现在分词表伴随情况
He came into the classroom, carrying a book.
四、过去分词
1. 作宾补
have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事
I had my TV repaired last night.
2. 作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?
Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?
3. 作表语
过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My cup is broken.