第十节 状语从句
考点一
时间状语从句
1．when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。when构成的相关句型如下：
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
[名师点津] “一……就……”的表达如下表：
词类 常用词 例句
从属连词 as soon as He started as soon as he received the news.
副词 immediately，directly，instantly They phoned immediately they reached home.
名词/名词短语 the minute/moment/ second/instant，every/each time They ran away the moment they saw the guard.Each time I was in trouble，he would stand by.
句型结构 no sooner ...than ...，hardly/scarcely ...when ... No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
2.before
(1)表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……”。
The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，她的朋友冲出来欢迎她。
(2)It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了多久才……”；
It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“再过多久之后才……”。
It will be half a year before I come back.
还得再过半年我才能回来。
3．till和until
在肯定句中主句谓语动词应是延续性的，而在否定句中主句谓语动词应是非延续性的；till不可位于句首，而until则可以。
You may stay here till/until the rain stops.
你可以待在这里直到雨停。
I won't see him till/until his anger has cooled down.
等他怒气消了，我再去看他。
Until you told me，I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
[名师点津] the first time，every/each time，next time等也可引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次，每一次，下一次等”。
Every time I was in trouble，he would come to help me.
每次我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。
考点二
地点状语从句
通常由where或wherever引导，可位于主句前或主句后，在句首时常含有抽象意味。
You should let your children play where you can see them.你应该让小孩在你视线范围内的地方玩耍。
Wherever I went，the dog followed me.
无论我走到哪里，这只狗总是跟着我。
[名师点津] 注意区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句：
You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
＝You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
考点三
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless(如果不，除非)，as/so long as(只要)，suppose/supposing (that)(倘若，如果)，provided/providing (that)(倘若，如果)，on condition that(条件是)等。
Unless he studies hard，he will never pass the examination.他如果不努力学习，就永远不能考及格。
We can overcome the difficulties as long as we are organized.只要我们组织起来，我们就能克服困难。
You can use this room provided that you keep it clean and tidy.
如果你能保持房间干净整洁，你就可以用这间房子。
考点四
原因状语从句
1．because，as，since，now that的用法区别
引导词 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否强调
because 主句前或后 直接原因 强 能 能
as 主句前或后 已知原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now that 主句前 已知原因 弱 不能 不能
Because he was ill，he was absent from the meeting.
因为他病了，所以没去开会。
Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。
2．除了状语从句外，一些介词短语也可以表示原因。如：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on account of等。
They were late because of the traffic jam.
因为交通堵塞他们迟到了。
[名师点津] for引导表示原因的并列句，补充说明根据什么推断出前一分句的结果。
He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
他一定是上床睡了，因为灯熄了。
考点五
让步状语从句
1．通常由though，although，as(虽然，尽管)，even if，even though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter who(what，which，when，where，how)，whether等引导。
He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.
尽管他有钱，但并不幸福。
Whatever/No matter what you want to do，please look before you leap.
不管你想做什么事，请三思而后行。
[名师点津] though还可作副词用于句末，意为“可是，然而”，although则不能。
He said he would come，he didn't though.
他说他会来，可是他没来。
2．as引导的让步状语从句需采用部分倒装，有时though引导的让步状语从句也采用部分倒装。
Difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it in time.虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。
Much as I like it，I won't buy the expensive car.
尽管我很喜欢这辆车，但我不会买这么贵的车。
考点六
目的、结果、方式状语从句
1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case等。
Please speak up so that the people at the back of the room can hear you.
请大点声讲，让屋子后面的人也能听见你的声音。
They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。
2．引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so ...that ...，such ...that ...等。
He hadn't studied hard so that he failed in the exam.
他平时学习不努力，结果考试不及格。
He told us so interesting a story that we all laughed.
＝He told us such an interesting story that we all laughed.他给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事，我们都大笑起来。
3．引导方式状语从句的连词有：as(像……一样)，as if/though等。
You must do the exercise as I tell you.
你必须按照我告诉你的方法做练习。
[本节小结]
近几年的高考命题常将并列连词、从属连词、关系代词或关系副词放同一题干下进行考查，这就增加了考试难度。因此只有了解状语从句的分类及状语从句常用连接词的含义和用法，并能在具体语境中判断主从句之间的逻辑关系，以选择恰当的连接词，才能自如应对。
针对训练
.选择适当的词填空
before；unless；when；in case；so that；where；even though；though；once
1．(2017·安徽高考)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
【答案】 before
2．(2017·北京高考)________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
【答案】 Even though
3．(2017·湖南高考)You will never gain success________you are fully devoted to your work.
【答案】 unless
4．(2017·江苏高考)Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed.
【答案】 though
5．(2017·江西高考)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
【答案】 when
6．(2017·陕西高考)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.
【答案】 before
7．(2017·四川高考) I'll be out for some time.________ anything important happens，call me up immediately.
【答案】 In case
8．(2017·天津高考)________ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
【答案】 Once
9．(2017·浙江高考) Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.
【答案】 so that
10．(2017·重庆高考) Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
【答案】 where
.语篇填空
用适当的连词完成下列短文
Different countries and different people have different manners.We must find out their customs，1.________ they will not think us illmannered.Here are examples of the things that a welleducated person does or does not do.2.________ you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first.
3.________ the door opens，you will not move 4.________ the host says，“Come in，please.” 5.________ you enter the room，you should not sit down 6.________ the host asks you to take a seat.7.________ a cup of tea is put on a tea table before you or sent to your hand，you will say，“Thank you.” And receive it with two hands，not one hand，8.________ they will think you are illmannered.
【答案】 1.so that 2.If/When 3.When 4.before
5．After 6.until 7.When 8.or
综合演练
语法填空
用适当的词填空(不多于3个单词)，注意使用从属连词
Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation.He has been respected and beloved by the Indians 1.________ they believe that he is an Indian national hero.
He was born in India in 1869.2.________it is recorded，he got married at the age of 13，following the local custom.In 1888 he sailed to England，3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer.4.________ he returned to India，he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he was surprised 5.________he found the problem of racial discrimination was serious.There he formed an organization and this was how he started to fight for equal rights.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 6.________ India was controlled by the British.He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.7.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure 8.________ they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped.The British government had to give in 9.________ India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ he opposed Gandhi's views and died on January 30th,1948.
【答案】 1.because 2.As 3.where 4.Immediately
5．because 6.when 7.Although/Though 8.whether 9.so that 10.because